Chapter 1

Where do most people in the U.S. get their nutrition information

. Mass media, i.e., television, magazines and newspapers

When evaluating a nutritional study, which is the least important factor

How many researchers were involved in the study

Double Blind Study

Neither subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are receiving treatment

homeostasis.

Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant. This stable state is called:

Which is NOT a true statement about nutritional studies using animals

Results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans

A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is

a phytochemical.

One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context, "variety" refers to

choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups.

ating turkey on Thanksgiving is an example of making a food choice based on

cultural and family background

consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet

eating foods that have been minimal processed,consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided,limiting added fats and sugars.

Under-nutrition does not include:

eating too much saturated fat

balance study.

omparison of the amount of a particular nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted

What is true regarding the differences between a hypothesis and a theory

A hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning

Nutrient density

A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content

adverse or toxic reaction is most likely to occur if

an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements

A processed food is defined as

any food that has been changed from its natural state

Approximately 1000 college students were asked to keep a record of what supplemental vitamins they took and how many colds they had over the course of a year. The amount of vitamin C consumed was compared with the students' incidences of colds. This is an example of a(an):

epidemiological study

The energy provided by foods is measured in

kilocalories

The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is

make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory

The discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition is called

nutrigenomics

Researchers are interested in whether caffeine has any effect on short-term memory. A study is designed in which two groups of subjects are given capsules that look identical. Group A receives capsules containing caffeine and Group B receives capsules containing powdered sugar. Group B is being given a

placebo.

Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods.

provide more kcalories contain fewer nutrients be higher in fat, sugar, or salt

The recommendation to eat everything in "moderation" refers to

selecting appropriate portion sizes.

Single blind Study

subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial, but the researchers do

Case control study

that compares patients who have a disease or outcome of interest (cases) with patients who do not have the disease or outcome (controls), and looks back retrospectively to compare how frequently the exposure to a risk factor is present in each group to determine the relationship between the risk factor

Continued acceptance of a scientific theory depends on

the ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results