APUSH chapter 10 vocabulary

Erie Canal

"Clinton's Big Ditch" that transformed transportation and economic life across the Great Lakes region from Buffalo to Chicago

Nativism

(philosophy) the philosophical theory that some ideas are innate, An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics.

Commonwealth v. Hunt

1842 - Case heard by the Massachusetts supreme court. The case was the first judgement in the U.S. that recognized that the conspiracy law is inapplicable to unions and that strikes for a closed shop are legal. Also decided that unions are not responsible for the illegal acts of their members.

Samuel F.B. Morse

A New England artist who created the telegraph by improving on a device developed by Joseph Henry.

Factory System

A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building

P.T. Barnum

A nineteenth-century American showman known for his circus, "The Greatest Show on Earth." His sideshows were particularly notable, even though many of the "freaks" he advertised were hoaxes." AFter Barnum's death, his circus was absorbed into the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus.

De Witt Clinton

An aristocratic governor in New York. Also the leader of government officials who came up with the plan to link New York City with the Great Lakes region.

Lowell System

Developed in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 1820s, in these factories as much machinery as possible was used, so that few skilled workers were needed in the process, and the workers were almost all single young farm women, who worked for a few years and then returned home to be housewives. Managers found these young women were the perfect workers for this type of factory life.

Trunk Lines

Following the Civil War, four major eastern railroad networks, or trunk lines, emerged from a flurry of mergers and consolidations. All were designed to connect the eastern seaports to the Great Lakes and western rivers.

Sarah Bagley

She worked in the mills during the early 19th century and founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Society advocating for a 10 hour work day. Girls typically worked from 5 am to 7 pm. They were paid less than men and had their wages were cut in the mid 1830s during the economic crisis.

Machine Tools

cutting, boring, and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts, which were then assembled into products like sewing machines

Cyrus H. McCormick

invented the reaper, a tool which drastically increased the rate at which one could harvest wheat or grain

Godey's Lady's Book

popular magazine marketed specifically for women which contained art, poetry and articles; a place where women could get their works published and important topics could be discussed

Know-Nothings

the American party, formed in July of 1854. It was a secret, and so those who were questioned, answered I know nothing. In the 1850s, there were a large group.

"Cult of Domesticity"

the ideal woman was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband, social customs that restricted women to caring for the house