APUSH Chapter 13 Packet

William Henry Harrison

"Old Tippecanoe" who was portrayed by Whig propagandists as a hard-drinking common man of the frontier

1840

A campaign based on hoopla and "Log cabin and hard cider slogans" demonstrates that both Whigs and Democrats can effectively play the new mass-party political game. (year)

David Crocket

A frontier hero, Tennessee Congressmen, and teller of tall tales who died in the Texas War of Independence

1836

A northern Mexican province successfully revolts and seeks admission to the Untied States. (year)

1824

A strange four-way election puts an ice New Englander in office and charges of a corrupt bargain. (year)

John Quincy Adams

Aloof New England statesman whose elitism made him an unpopular leader in the new era of mass democracy

Old Hickory

Andrew Jackson's popular nickname, signaling his toughness and strength.

Cherokees and Choctaws

Any two of the southeastern Indina Peoples who were removed to Oklahoma

Sequoyah

Cherokee leader who devised an alphabet for his people

Black Hawk War

Conflict of 1832 in which the Sauk and Fox Indians of Illinois and Wisconsin were defeated by federal troops and state militias.

Corrupt Bargain

Contemptuous Jackson term for the alleged political deal by which Clay threw his support to Adams in exchange for a high cabinet office (Secretary of State)

1830

Despite attempting to follow white patterns of civilizing, thousands of American Indians are forcibly removed from their homes and driven across the Mississippi River. (year)

Panic of 1837

Economic Crisis that precipitated an economic Depression and doomed the presidency of Martin Van Buren

Sam Houston

Former Tennessee governor whose victory at San Jacinto in 1836 won Texas its independence

John C. Calhoun

Former vice president, leader of South Carolina nullifiers, and bitter enemy of Andrew Jackson

Black Hawk

Illinois-Wisconsin area Sauk leader who was defeated by American regulars and militia in 1832

Henry Clay

Jackson's rival for the presidency in 1832, who failed to save the Bank of the United States

Santa Anna

Mexican general and dictator whose large army failed to defeat Texas rebels

Conventions

New, circus-like method of nominating presidential candidates that involved wider participation but usually left effective control in the hands of party bosses

Moses Austin

Original leader of American settlers in Texas who obtained a huge land grant from the Mexican government

Whigs

Political party that favored a more activist government, high tariffs, internal improvements, and moral reforms

Democrats

Political party that generally stressed individual liberty, the rights of the common people, and hostility to privilege

Hard Cider and Log Cabin

Popular symbols of the flamboyant but effect campaign the Whigs used to elect "poor boy" William Henry Harrison over Martin Van Buren in 1840.

Evangelices

Religious believers, originally attracted to the Anti-Masonic party and then to the Whigs, who sough t to use political power for moral and religious reform.

Masons

Ritualistic secret societies that became the target of a momentarily powerful third party in 1832.

Tariff of Abominations

Scornful southern term for the high tariff of 1828

Osceola

Seminole leader whose warriors killed fifteen hundred American soldiers in years of guerrilla warfare.

Anti-Masonic Party

Small, short-lived third political party that originated a new method of nominating presidential candidates in the election campaign of 1831-1832

1832

South Carolina threatens nullification of federal law and backs down in the face of Andrew Jackson's military threat. (year)

Nicholas Biddle

Talented but high-handed bank president who fought a bitter losing battle with the president of the United States

Bank of the United States

The "Moneyed Monster" that Clay tried to preserve and that Jackson killed with his veto in 1832.

Martin Van Buren

The "wizard of Albany" whose economically troubled presidency was served in the shadow of Jackson

Spoils System

The arrangement under which public offices were handed out on the basis of political support rather than qualifications.

d. Showed that the Whigs could practice the new mass democratic politics as well as the Democrats

The real significance of William Henry Harrison's Victory in the election of 1840 was that it a. Constituted a sharp repudiation of Andrew Jackson and Jacksonianism b. Brought a fresh new face to American political politics c. Showed that the Whigs could win with a candidate other than Henry Clay d. Showed that the Whigs could practice the new mass democratic politics as successfully as the Democrats e. Showed that the public wanted serious debates as well as noisy "hoopla" in presidential politics

Trail of Tears

The sorrowful path along which thousands of southeastern Indians were removed to Oklahoma.

Nullification

Theory promoted by John C. Calhoun and other South Carolinians that said states had the right to disregard federal laws to which they objected.