APUSH Chapter 18

The national network of grocery stores that started in the 1850s was Multiple choice question. A)A & P. B)Food Lion. C)Seven-Eleven. D)Piggly Wiggly. E)Harris Teeter.

A)A & P.

In 1882, the first group of immigrants to be excluded from the United States on the basis of nationality were Multiple choice question. A)Chinese. B)Japanese. C)Mexicans. D)Slavs. E)Irish.

A)Chinese.

Which American thinker is LEAST associated with study using scientific methods? Multiple choice question. A)Henry James B)William Graham Sumner C)Charles Darwin D)John Dewey E)Edward A. Ross

A)Henry James

Which American writer is LEAST associated with the trend toward social realism in literature in the late nineteenth century? Multiple choice question. A)Mark Twain B)Upton Sinclair C)Frank Norris D)Stephen Crane E)Theodore Dreiser

A)Mark Twain

The Equitable Building in New York City, completed in 1870, was the first in the United States to Multiple choice question. A)be built with an elevator. B)be called a skyscraper. C)be constructed with steel girders. D)be connected underground to the subway. E)reach twenty stories. Next Question

A)be built with an elevator.

Between 1890 and 1910, incomes in the United States Multiple choice question. A)rose for almost all Americans. B)declined for most unskilled workers. C)remained the same for most Americans. D)increased for white Americans, but decreased for most other ethnic groups. E)grew more unequal, while the middle class shrunk.

A)rose for almost all Americans.

In the late nineteenth century, the Tammany Hall political machine Multiple choice question. A)saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. B)was one of the few machines that did not engage in graft and corruption. C)operated out of Chicago. D)operated out of Chicago and saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. E)All these answers are correct.

A)saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison.

According to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by Multiple choice question. A)scientific inquiry. B)inherited ideals. C)democratic tradition. D)moral principles. E)religious faith.

A)scientific inquiry.

By the 1890s, the largest number of immigrants to the United States came from Multiple choice question. A)southern and eastern Europe. B)Mexico and Central America. C)Great Britain and Germany. D)China and Japan. E)Ireland and Italy.

A)southern and eastern Europe.

The principle force behind the creation of great public buildings in the late nineteenth century was Multiple choice question. A)wealthy residents. B)community service organizations. C)state governments. D)the federal government. E)ethnic political machines.

A)wealthy residents.

How and why did American attitudes change during the nineteenth century regarding leisure activities?

American attitudes changed during the nineteenth century regarding leisure activities. Some factors that led to this were the decreased work week and increased wages. This meant that Americans had more time to spend doing activities together and they could afford to do so. Increased productivity allowed workers to have more free time as well. Americans realized that they now had the time to do fun stuff, and more things were becoming available for them to participate in. Common leisure activities included carnivals, dancing, cooking, circuses, piano, singing, and more. A lot of people also found a love for the theater. Ventriloquists, hypnotists, poets, comedians, choirs, orchestras, etc. performed in the theaters and attracted a lot of positive attention. Since people loved these activities, their attitudes regarding leisure activities changed in a positive way.

What was the status of American education by the end of the nineteenth century?

At the beginning of the nineteenth-century education was run under private companies for the most part. As time progressed, however, states had much more involvement in education. Typically there were no different grades in a school and it was everyone in one room. They were often seated by their general level of ability. The younger kids were often in the front and the older ones in the back, and the teacher would move them up to the next level when they believed the student was ready. Schooling also lasted through the entire year and was six hours in the winter, fall, and spring, and only three in the summer. Half of the time spent at school was usually devoted to religious education and the learning of catechism. Families who decided not to send their children to school to study were faced with a fine. The main change of focus shifted from memorization and punishment towards individual interpretation, development, and creative development.

The 1920 census of the United States revealed that Multiple choice question. A)the western frontier had ended. B)a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas. C)for the first time since 1790, American women outnumbered men. D)the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880. E)California was now the most populous state.

B)a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas.

The nineteenth-century game of "rounders" became the modern sport of Multiple choice question. A)basketball. B)baseball. C)golf. D)football. E)soccer.

B)baseball.

The designers of New York City's Central Park Multiple choice question. A)tried to make it a meeting place for immigrant leaders. B)deliberately created a public space that would look as little like the city as possible. C)thought of the park as a place where city government could meet in the open air. D)were hoping that the park could be a source of local agriculture and food production. E)initially wanted it to be exclusively accessible to the wealthy of the city.

B)deliberately created a public space that would look as little like the city as possible.

During the late nineteenth century, all of the following innovations occurred in consumer goods EXCEPT the Multiple choice question. A)emergence of ready-made clothing. B)formation of credit card companies. C)ability to refrigerate foods artificially. D)opening of large department stores. E)development and mass production of tin cans.

B)formation of credit card companies.

During the late nineteenth century, college education for American women Multiple choice question. A)did not exist. B)had expanded significantly. C)offered no coeducational opportunities. D)allowed women to be schooled only by male faculty. E)had no real effect on the marrying age of nineteenth-century women.

B)had expanded significantly.

In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League Multiple choice question. A)sought a ban on all immigration to the United States for fifteen years. B)proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter. C)sought a ban on immigrants from Europe, but not Asia. D)called for the establishment of a tax on all immigrants. E)pushed strongly for the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act.

B)proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter.

In the late nineteenth century, efforts to reduce poverty in America Multiple choice question. A)saw the Salvation Army focus primarily on establishing shelters for the homeless. B)saw charitable organizations try to limit aid to only those deemed "deserving poor." C)included federally-funded studies attempting to identify the causes of poverty. D)generally were led by reformers who had grown up in impoverished communities. E)included public works programs funded by municipal property taxes.

B)saw charitable organizations try to limit aid to only those deemed "deserving poor."

At the turn of the twentieth century, motion pictures Multiple choice question. A)had been invented by D. W. Griffith. B)were the first true mass entertainment medium. C)operated under strict morality codes. D)both were the first true mass entertainment medium, and operated under strict morality codes. E)All these answers are correct.

B)were the first true mass entertainment medium.

Which of the following statements regarding Coney Island is FALSE? Multiple choice question. A)The average daily attendance at Luna Park in 1904 was 90,000 people. B)Many visitors relaxed their conventions of Victorian social behavior. C)The park developed a reputation for wholesome family attractions. D)The park experienced phenomenal popularity until after World War I. E)The park provided lavish reproductions of exotic places and spectacular adventures.

C)The park developed a reputation for wholesome family attractions.

Compared with the first generation, second-generation immigrants were more likely to Multiple choice question. A)hold on to their old ethnic habits. B)lose faith in the United States due to the hardships they experienced. C)break from their traditional culture. D)resist external social pressures to assimilate. E)return to the Old World for good.

C)break from their traditional culture.

In 1869, Princeton and Rutgers played the first intercollegiate game in America of Multiple choice question. A)baseball. B)boxing. C)football. D)basketball. E)soccer.

C)football.

In the late nineteenth century, many immigrants to the United States Multiple choice question. A)were already experienced as urban-dwelling, industrial workers. B)found the transition to their new country to be fairly easy. C)formed close-knit ethnic communities within cities. D)totally cut their links to their native countries. E)read English-language newspapers and frequented chain stores.

C)formed close-knit ethnic communities within cities.

In the early twentieth century, efforts to improve environmental problems in American cities Multiple choice question. A)were nonexistent. B)focused on the wealthy and ignored the urban poor. C)included a new federal environmental regulatory agency. D)led many cities to ban horses from their streets. E)did not yet include the construction of sewage disposal systems.

C)included a new federal environmental regulatory agency.

The American artistic movement known as the "Ashcan school" Multiple choice question. A)portrayed an idealized image of rural life. B)was strongly influenced by Old World masters. C)included the painter Edward Hopper. D)was most identified with the work of John Singer Sargent. E)rejected expressionism and abstraction as artistic fads.

C)included the painter Edward Hopper.

Tenement buildings in urban America were Multiple choice question. A)first constructed in Chicago in the 1880s. B)intended to be occupied as single-family dwellings. C)initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor. D)subsidized by city governments. E)considered luxury housing by most urban residents.

C)initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor.

In the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by Multiple choice question. A)very poor people. B)the working class. C)moderately well-to-do people. D)people from all income backgrounds. E)very wealthy people.

C)moderately well-to-do people.

In the 1890s, Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League sought to Multiple choice question. A)encourage immigrants to become greater consumers. B)improve the safety and quality of consumer products. C)protect family businesses from the competition of corporate retailers. D)force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers. E)All these answers are correct.

D)force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers.

In the late nineteenth century, immigrants in the United States Multiple choice question. A)were generally better educated than immigrants who arrived a generation before. B)took up semi-skilled craft jobs. C)avoided ports like Ellis Island for fear they would be denied entry. D)generally lacked the capital to buy farmland. E)settled overwhelmingly in the relatively empty Northwest.

D)generally lacked the capital to buy farmland.

In the 1890s, Jacob Riis Multiple choice question. A)favored stopping immigration as a way to improve urban American cities. B)crusaded to expose political corruption in major American cities. C)documented the stories of wealthy Americans who came from humble origins. D)reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements. E)pushed for the creation of mass transit systems and outlying suburbs in America's cities.

D)reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the growth of newspapers Multiple choice question. A)resulted in most large cities being serviced by one dominant paper. B)led to a significant decline in the telegraph industry. C)was largely due to national population growth. D)saw circulation increase much more rapidly than the general population. E)did not coincide with a rise in journalists' salaries.

D)saw circulation increase much more rapidly than the general population.

The primary goal of the American Protective Association was to Multiple choice question. A)require immigrants to sign loyalty oaths to the United States government. B)limit immigration to those who already had relatives living in the United States. C)give "native" Americans preference over immigrants in employment opportunities. D)stop immigrants from entering the United States. E)make English the official language of the United States.

D)stop immigrants from entering the United States.

In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to Multiple choice question. A)the rapid growth of urban America. B)the influx of millions of immigrants. C)disillusionment with heavy-handed and powerful city governments. D)the rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants. E)the influx of millions of immigrants and disillusionment with powerful city governments.

D)the rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants.

How had the demographics of immigrants and the patterns of immigration shifted between the 1860s and the 1890s?

During the 1860s, most immigrants came from northern and western Europe, and there were about one million new immigrants. The reason a lot of people immigrated during this time was due to the abundance of free or cheap land. As time went on, this land was used up, which meant immigrants came for different reasons. Overall, between 1860 and 1890 14 million immigrants came to America. Most of these immigrants came from either England, Ireland, Germany, or Scandanavian countries. They came in attempts to seek a new way of life and move up on the social ladder. All of these people desired to own land and have better jobs and religious and political freedom. They also contributed a lot to America with the skills some of them brought with them. They had guaranteed jobs and a place to stay, and most of the population in New York and Chicago ended up being foreign-born individuals.

Roughly what percentage of the populations of Chicago, New York, and Detroit was made up of immigrants by 1890? Multiple choice question. A)20-30 percent B)40-50 percent C)50-60 percent D)60-70 percent E)80-90 percent

E)80-90 percent

By 1900, the transportation systems of American cities included Multiple choice question. A)elevated railroads. B)subways. C)electric trolleys and cable cars. D)suspension bridges. E)All these answers are correct.

E)All these answers are correct.

Charles Darwin's theories of evolution met initial resistance from Multiple choice question. A)theologians. B)scientists. C)educators. D)both theologians and educators. E)All these answers are correct.

E)All these answers are correct.

Compared to most other immigrant ethnic groups in the late nineteenth century, Jewish immigrants Multiple choice question. A)advanced rapidly economically. B)placed a high value on education. C)huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. D)both advanced rapidly economically, and huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. E)All these answers are correct.

E)All these answers are correct.

In the late nineteenth century, American universities Multiple choice question. A)significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act. B)were sometimes started by philanthropists that wanted to perpetuate their family names. C)began to form relationships with the private sector and the government. D)significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act, and began to form relationships with the private sector and government. E)All these answers are correct.

E)All these answers are correct.

In the late nineteenth century, crime in large American urban centers Multiple choice question. A)led many city governments to create professional public police departments. B)swelled in the twenty years between 1880 and 1900. C)was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups. D)was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups, and led many city governments to create professional public police departments. E)All these answers are correct.

E)All these answers are correct.

In the late nineteenth century, leisure activities tended to be divided by Multiple choice question. A)gender. B)class. C)race. D)both race and gender. E)All these answers are correct.

E)All these answers are correct.

In the late nineteenth century, the assimilation of immigrants was encouraged by Multiple choice question. A)the sale of American products. B)public education. C)church leaders. D)religious reform. E)All these answers are correct.

E)All these answers are correct.

Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE? Multiple choice question. A)It was a period of rapid expansion for public schools. B)By 1900, most states required compulsory school attendance. C)Educational opportunities extended to Indian tribes as well. D)Southern blacks had far less access to education than southern whites. E)Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.

E)Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.

By 1890, populations in the biggest urban areas Multiple choice question. A)increased mainly as a result of longer life expectancy. B)experienced massive growth even where there was little immigration. C)rose as the number of children born into urban families doubled. D)soared as the rates of infant mortality and disease significantly declined. E)consisted mostly of foreign-born immigrants and their children.

E)consisted mostly of foreign-born immigrants and their children.

In the nineteenth century, vaudeville theater Multiple choice question. A)both consisted of a variety of stage acts, and only employed white performers. B)only employed white performers. C)None of these answers is correct. D)had been created in the United States. E)consisted of a variety of stage acts.

E)consisted of a variety of stage acts.

In 1894, the population density of Manhattan in New York was Multiple choice question. A)significantly lower than the density of New York today. B)equal to the density of Paris. C)significantly lower than that of most major European cities. D)greater than in all major American cities except Boston. E)greater than the most crowded European cities.

E)greater than the most crowded European cities.

During the early decades of the twentieth century, most Americans began to view leisure time as Multiple choice question. A)the province solely of children and the elderly. B)the equivalent of laziness. C)something not attainable for the average worker. D)something reserved for the extremely wealthy. E)increasingly desirable.

E)increasingly desirable.

In the late nineteenth century, urban political bosses did all of the following EXCEPT Multiple choice question. A)reward followers with patronage. B)win votes for their political organization. C)provide material assistance to the poor. D)enrich themselves through graft and corruption. E)reduce the costs of city services.

E)reduce the costs of city services.

Theodore Dreiser's 1893 novel, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, dealt with Multiple choice question. A)his belief that religious organizations were perverting society. B)the qualities of the upper class. C)the need to return to a more rural and natural life. D)the dehumanization of mass communications. E)social dislocations and injustices of the present.

E)social dislocations and injustices of the present.

The "city beautiful" movement in the United States was inspired, in part, by Multiple choice question. A)None of these answers is correct. B)the economic depression of 1893. C)the new technology of skyscrapers. D)both the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and the new technology of skyscrapers. E)the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

E)the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

How did high culture and popular culture differ at the turn of the century?

High culture is a subculture that is shared by the upper class of society while popular culture is shared by everyone or at least the mass of society. At the turn of the century, high culture was typically things involved with the arts, that the highest society got to enjoy. They got to enjoy renaissance art, classical music, and opera. These things were more sophisticated, intellectually challenging, and intrinsically rewarding. Popular culture, on the other hand, consisted more of newspapers, photographs, cartoons, sheet music, and lithographs. These were all things that were inexpensive to reproduce and were not as expensive as things involved in high culture. These things were typically involved by the middle class, and the upper class was the only ones that could afford things in high culture.

Describe the key features one would find in a large urban American city at the end of the nineteenth century.

In a large urban American city at the end of the nineteenth century, one might notice traffic jams, noise, air pollution, slums, and see health problems among a lot of people. In urban American cities, the population consisted of those moving from rural to city areas, a lot of which were minorities and immigrants. Forms of mass transit were created, which proved to be useful to thousands of people. Also, skyscrapers were being built in urban American cities. Beyond the city suburbs were being developed, which led to an increase in commuters. Commuters were people who lived in the suburbs but worked in the city. People living in the city often lived in rental apartments or tenement housing. Neighborhoods became the center of community life and included a lot of different immigrant groups. Even today different neighborhoods and sections of cities reflect these ethnic heritages. A major change for people moving from rural to city areas is that they used to be very spread apart, but now they all lived close together. At first, before people could afford to live in their own place there was a lot of overcrowding which led to sanitation issues, but closer to the end of the nineteenth century when wages increased both of these issues were resolved.

In what ways did mass entertainment in the late nineteenth century perpetuate racial, class, and gender distinctions? In what ways did it break down these distinctions?

In the late nineteenth century, there were different forms of mass entertainment that perpetuated racial, class, and gender distinctions. Sports created gender distinctions since they were pushing more towards creating an all-male environment There were very few sports for women, which included tennis and golf. Class distinctions within sports were which sport the men would play based on their class status. Typically the college-educated elite men would play football while the poorer classes would end up boxing. Movie theatres tried to break class distinctions by making them accessible to even the poor people. However, they were not perfect for everyone since almost all movie theatres were racist. Saloons also provided entertainment for the poorer class, as well as the working class, and were important to a variety of ethnic groups. They would often hold boxing matches for the poorer boxers and were male dominated. The Fourth of July was very important in breaking down the racial, class, and gender distinctions. It served as a source of leisure for all those in the working class, and everyone was united under patriotism. Ethnic groups were able to reinforce their communities through Fourth of July celebrations as well.

In what ways did the traditional cultural beliefs and values practiced by new immigrants both help and hinder their adjustment to life in America?

Many immigrants that came to the United States brought their traditional cultural beliefs and values with them, which bother helped and hindered their adjustments to life in America. It helped them because they were able to contribute to the cultural diversity in America and make it a more interesting place. They were also able to adjust better because they still kept some of the things they were familiar with and didn't have to drop their old lives completely. It hindered their adjustment because it was harder to them to adapt to American traditions and culture. Since it was now their home country, they had to "conform" in a way to how they did things, which was often different from their own culture. It was difficult for some to stray away from what they had done for so long and what they knew well. This proved the adjustment to be harder for some than others who found out how to incorporate their culture in with America, instead of completely replacing it.

Discuss the efforts to restrict immigration in the late nineteenth century.

There were hardly any rules and restrictions regarding immigration throughout a lot of the nineteenth century since there were many jobs that needed to be filled and immigrants would willingly take those jobs that nobody else wanted. In the late nineteenth century, however, there were more restrictions placed on immigrants. Contract laborers were prohibited from coming into the United States beginning in 1885, and soon after illiterates were not allowed to enter. They did not want lunatics and convicts to be entering the United States and causing additional trouble. The United States began offering yearly nationality quotas to limit the number of immigrants as well. In 1890, the United States issued immigration visas to only 2 percent of the total number of people of each nationality. This helped limit the amount of people that were coming in, but it also caused illegal immigrants to make themselves at home.

What major problems or needs of large urban centers were improved or eliminated by new technology and science during the late nineteenth century?

There were major problems and needs of large urban centers that were improved or eliminated by new technology and science during the late nineteenth century. Some problems included traffic jams, noise, air pollution, and sanitation, which led to health problems. There was also a high population density, inadequate infrastructure, lack of affordable housing, flooding, pollution, slum creation, crime, congestion, and poverty. New technology with mass transit in the form of trolleys, cable cars, and subways eliminated a lot of the traffic jam issues. Also, greater knowledge in science allowed people to see the issues involving sanitation. They realized that filth was not only a cause of disease, but also a form of transmission. A social reform was enacted to embrace cleanliness, which improved this issue tremendously.

What attitudes and beliefs found in America resulted in little being done to improve urban poverty during the late nineteenth century?

There were multiple attitudes and beliefs found in America that resulted in little being done to improve urban poverty during the late nineteenth century. These included the fact that many of those in poverty were immigrants, and because of nativism, some Americans believed that they were not responsible for what happened to those immigrants in poverty. There were also beliefs that people had to be able to support themselves, and that they had to work for their own money. This made it difficult for a lot of people to help support those living in poverty because they thought that those people should be able to get out of it themselves if they worked hard enough. Also, those in the upper class were enjoying their activities and what they were doing so they did not really think as much about the poverty occurring. Also, many individuals that were in poverty were immigrants, and according to nativism, those native to the United States would get priority over the immigrants, leaving many in poverty.