APUSH Chapter 21: America and The Great War

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield; used mainly in WWI in western France; very dirty, unhealthy and dangerous; many people died and those who survived suffered from PTSD for several years afterwards

Roosevelt Corollary

Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs

Marcus Garvey

African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Italian anarchists convicted in 1921 of the murder of a Massachusetts factory paymaster his guard; despite a worldwide public outcry, they were electrocuted in 1927

Palmer Raids

a 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities

Lusitania

a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915, 128 Americans died; the sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war

Triple Alliance

a alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI

United Negro Improvement Association

a group founded by Marcus Garvey to promote the settlement of American blacks in their own "African homeland"

Triple Entente

a military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.

Pancho Villa

a popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910; an outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the northern Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata

Red Scare

a social/political movement designed to prevent a socialist/communist/radical movement in this country by finding "radicals," incarcerating them, deporting them, and subverting their activities

Zimmerman Telegram

a telegram Germany sent to Mexico stating that they want to honor the US neutrality but if that is to fail Germany wants Mexico to attack the US in alliance with Germany

League of Nations

a world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace; it was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League; essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946

Central Powers

alliance of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Ottoman Empire opposing the Allied Powers in WWI

Allies

alliance of France, Britain, Russia and the United States opposing the Central Powers in WWI

Treaty of Versailles

created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce 2) Germany had to make outrageous reparations for war damage 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons; the treaty also included the League of Nations suggesting a form of peace solutions for future issues that may arise between these nations int he future

Dollar Diplomacy

foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures; basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

from Massachusetts, against Treaty of Versailles; he got 37 signatures to reject League of Nations being one of the main reasons why the Senate never approved the Treaty of Versailles

Nineteenth Amendment

granted women the right to vote in 1920

"Great Migration"

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

The Fourteenth Points

the proposal President Woodrow Wilson make in 1918 that stated Germany would be treated fairly if they surrendered

Ludlow

the violent deaths of 20 people, 11 of them children, during an attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado in the on April 20, 1914

General John J. Pershing

this General in WWI led the "doughboys" in the American Expeditionary Force