APUSH Chapter 26 and 25

Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four? a. slums b. dumbbell tenements. c. bedroom communities. d. flophouses. e. the "Lung Block"

C

Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois a. demanded complete equality for African Americans. b. established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. c. supported the goals of Booker T. Washington. d. was an ex-slave who rose to fame. e. none of the above.

A

Henry George argued that the windfall real estate profits caused by rising land prices should be a. taxed at a 100 percent rate by the government. b. used to provide low-rent housing for the poor. c. saved and invested for the benefit of the community. d. looked on as the inevitable consequence of "the survival of the fittest." e. prevented through communal land ownership.

A

Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except a. opposed to factory labor. b. used as strikebreakers. c. willing to work for lower wages. d. difficult to unionize. e. non-English speaking.

A

The "pragmatists" were a school of American philosophers who emphasized a. the provisional and fallible nature of knowledge and value of ideas that solved problems. b. that ideas were largely worthless and only practical experience should be pursued. c. that the traditional Greek ideals of Plato and Aristotle should be revived. d. that scientific experimentation provided a new and absolutely certain basis for knowledge. e. most academic knowledge was based on "bourgeois" ideas that oppressed the working class.

A

The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 1865-1900 was a. the big city. b. the West. c. suburban communities. d. rural America. e. New England.

A

The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the New Immigration was a. Roman Catholics. b. Baptists. c. Episcopalians. d. Christian Scientists. e. Mormons.

A

Which of the following was not among the major new research universities founded in the post-Civil War era? a. Harvard University b. the University of California c. Johns Hopkins University d. the University of Chicago e. Stanford University

A

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Dawes Severalty Act is passed; (B) Oklahoma land rush takes place; (C) Indians are granted full citizenship; (D) Congress restores the tribal basis of Indian life. a. A, B, C, D b. B, A, C, D c. A, D, B, C d. D, C, A, B e. C, B, D, A

A) A, B, C, D

The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the a. Battle of Wounded Knee. b. Sand Creek massacre. c. Battle of Little Big Horn. d. Dawes Severalty Act. e. Carlisle Indian School.

A) Battle of Wounded Knee.

The Populist Party's presidential candidate in 1892 was a. James B. Weaver. b. William Jennings Bryan. c. Mary Elizabeth Lease. d. Adlai Stevenson. e. William "Coin" Harvey.

A) James B. Weaver.

The first major farmers' organization was the a. Patrons of Husbandry. b. Populists. c. Greenback Labor party. d. Farmers' Alliance. e. American Farm Bureau.

A) Patrons of Husbandry.

The Depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as a. a battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives. b. a conflict between the insurgent Populists and the two established political parties. c. a sectional conflict with the West aligned against the Northeast and South. d. a contest over the power of the federal government to manage a modem industrial economy like the United States.

A) a battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.

As president, William McKinley can best be described as a. cautious and conservative. b. a man of little ability. c. an active reformer. d. a person willing to go against the opinion of the majority. e. a skillful negotiator.

A) cautious and conservative.

The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of Republican dominance that was accompanied by a. diminishing voter participation in elections. b. strengthening of party organizations. c. greater concern over civil-service reform. d. less concern for industrial regulation. e. sharpened conflict between business and labor.

A) diminishing voter participation in elections.

Among the following, the least likely to migrate to the cattle and farming frontier were a. eastern city dwellers. b. eastern farmers. c. recent immigrants. d. blacks. e. Midwestern farmers.

A) eastern city dwellers.

The nineteenth century humanitarians who advocated "kind" treatment of the Indians a. had no more respect for traditional Indian culture than those who sought to exterminate them. b. advocated allowing the Ghost Dance to continue. c. opposed passage of the Dawes Act. d. understood the value of the Indians' religious and cultural practices. e. advocated improving the reservation system.

A) had no more respect for traditional Indian culture than those who sought to exterminate them.

All of the following characteristics describe William Jennings Bryan in I896 except a. he had a brilliant mind. b. he was very youthful. c. he was an energetic and charismatic campaigner. d. he was an excellent orator. e. he radiated honesty and sincerity.

A) he had a brilliant mind.

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the volume of agricultural goods____________, and the price received for these goods ____________ a. increased; decreased. b. decreased; increased. c. increased; also increased. d. decreased; also decreased. e. increased; stayed the same.

A) increased; decreased

Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman episode a. proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people. b. a strategy by which united working-class action could succeed. c. the need for a socialist party in the United States. d. the potential of the federal government as a counterweight to big business. e. the crucial role of middle class public opinion in labor conflicts.

A) proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people.

The Indians battled whites for all the following reasons except to a. rescue their families who had been exiled to Oklahoma. b. avenge savage massacres of Indians by whites. c. punish whites for breaking treaties. d. defend their lands against white invaders. e. preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement.

A) rescue their families who had been exiled to Oklahoma.

The area of the country in which the federal government has done the most to aid economic and social development is a. the West. b. the Midwest. c. the South. d. the Northeast. e. Appalachia.

A) the West.

The real "safety valve" in the late nineteenth century was a. the western cities. b. the Western frontier. c. Canada. d. Hawaii. e. Texas.

A) the western cities

Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they a. were not well educated. b. did not possess the money necessary to establish a national political movement. c. were divided by the wealthier, more powerful manufacturers and railroad barons. d. were too busy trying to eke out a living. e. were by nature highly independent and individualistic.

A) were not well educated.

Most New Immigrants a. eventually returned to their county of origin. b. tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America. c. were subjected to stringent immigration restrictions. d. quickly assimilated into the mainstream of American life. e. converted to mainstream Protestantism.

B

One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the a. decline in farm income. b. stresses of urban life. c. emerging feminist movement. d. passage of more liberal divorce laws. e. decline of religious organizations.

B

The Darwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by a. turning most scientists against religion. b. creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and "accomodationists" who supported it. c. raising awareness of the close spiritual kinship between animals and human beings. d. causing a revival of the doctrine of original sin. e. sparking the rise of new denominations based on modem science.

B

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was a. the development of skyscraper. b. the availability of industrial jobs. c. the compact nature of those large communities d. the advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements. e. the lure of cultural excitement.

B

The public library movement across America was greatly aided by the generous financial support from a. the federal government's Morrill Act. b. Andrew Carnegie. c. John D. Rockefeller. d. local "friends of the library." e. women's organizations.

B

One problem with the Homestead Act was that a. the government continued to try to maximize its revenue from public lands. b. 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain scarce Great Plains. c. Midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition with the West. d. the railroads purchased most of this land. e. it took several years to earn a profit from farming.

B) 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains.

Match each Indian chief below with his tribe. A. Chief Joseph 1. Apache B. Sitting Bull 2. Cheyenne C. Geronimo 3. Nez Perce 4. Sioux a. A-1, B-2, C-3 b. A-3, B-4, C-1 c. A-2, B-4, C-3 d. A-4, B-3, C-2 e. A-1, B-3, C-4

B) A-3, B-4, C-1

A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by a. Harriet Beecher Stowe. b. Helen Hunt Jackson. c. Chief Joseph. d. Joseph F. Glidden. e. William F. Cody.

B) Helen Hunt Jackson.

Which one of the following was least sympathetic to workers and farmers hard-pressed by the Depression of 1893? a. John P. Altgeld b. Richard Olney c. Eugene V. Debs d. Jacob Coxey e. William Jennings Bryan

B) Richard Olney

The mining frontier played a vital role in a. bringing law and order to the West. b. attracting the first substantial white population to the West. c. enabling the government to go off the gold standard. d. ensuring that the mining industry would remain in the hands of independent, small operations. e. forcing the Indians off the Great Plains.

B) attracting the first substantial white population to the West.

The Nez Perce Indians of Idaho were goaded into war when a. the Sioux sought their land. b. gold was discovered on their reservation. c. the federal government attempted to put them on a reservation. d. the Canadian government attempted to force their return to the United States. e. their alliance with the Shoshones required it.

B) gold was discovered on their reservation.

One key to the Republican victory in the 1896 presidential election was the a. support of farmers. b. huge amount of money raised by Mark Hanna. c. use of the tariff issue. d. wide travel and numerous speeches made by William McKinley. e. ability of Republicans to disrupt the solid South.

B) huge amount of money raised by Mark Hanna.

In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when they a. chose to migrate farther west. b. received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land. c. lost their mobility as the whites killed their horses. d. were allowed to control the supply of food and other staples to the reservations. e. traded land for rifles and blankets.

B) received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land.

With agricultural production rising dramatically in the post-Civil War years, a. more farmers could purchase land. b. tenant farming spread rapidly throughout the Midwest and South. c. bankruptcies declined. d. western farmers prospered, while southern farmers had grave troubles selling their cotton. e. the government began encouraging the development of "soil banks."

B) tenant farming spread rapidly throughout the Midwest and South.

The Populist Party arose as the direct successor to a. the Greenback Labor Party. b. the Farmers' Alliance. c. the Silver Miners' Coalition. d. the Liberal Republican Party. e. the Grange.

B) the Farmers' Alliance.

The Farmers' Alliance was especially weakened by a. political ineptitude. b. the exclusion of black farmers. c. corrupt leadership. d. the failure to target landowners. e. regional concentration in the South.

B) the exclusion of black farmers.

The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880 a. had experience with democratic governments. b. arrived primarily from Germany, Sweden, and Norway. c. were culturally different from previous immigrants. d. received a warm welcome from the Old immigrants. e. represented nonwhite racial groups.

C

As a result of the complete defeat of Captain William Fetterman's command in 1866 a. the government sent extensive military reinforcements to the Dakotas and Montana. b. the government abandoned the Bozeman Trail and guaranteed the Sioux their lands. c. the government adopted a policy of "civilizing" the Indians rather than trying to conquer them. d. white settlers agreed to halt their expansion beyond the 100th meridian. e. the conflict between the U.S. army and the Sioux came to a peaceful end.

B) the government abandoned the Bozeman Trail and guaranteed the Sioux their lands.

The Homestead Act a. sold more land to bona fide farmers than to land promoters. b. was a drastic departure from previous government public land policy designed to raise revenue. c. was responsible for the sale of more land than any other agency. d. managed to end the fraud that was common with other government land programs. e. was criticized as a federal government giveaway.

B) was a drastic departure from previous government public land policy designed to raise revenue.

Americans offered growing support for a free public education system a. to combat the growing strength of Catholic parochial schools. b. when the Chautauqua movement began to decline. c. because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens. d. when private schools began to fold. e. as a way of identifying an intellectual elite.

C

Henry George believed that the root of social inequality and social injustice lay in a. stock speculators and financiers who manipulated the price of real goods and services. b. labor unions that artificially drove up the prices of wages and therefore goods. c. landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values. d. businesspeople who gained excessive profits by exploiting workers. e. patriarchal ideologies that regarded women as inferior domestic beings.

C

In the course of the late nineteenth century, a. the birthrate increased. b. the divorce rate fell. c. family size gradually declined. d. people tended to marry at an earlier age. e. children were seen as a greater economic asset.

C

In the decades after the Civil War, changes in sexual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of the following except a. soaring divorce rates. b. the spreading practice of birth control. c. more children being born out of wedlock. d. increasingly frank discussion of sexual topics. e. more women working outside the home.

C

In the decades after the Civil War, college education for women a. became more difficult to obtain. b. was confined to women's colleges. c. became much more common. d. resulted in the passage of the Hatch Act. e. blossomed especially in the South.

C

Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work. A. Lewis Wallace 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work B. Horatio Alger 2. anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures C. Henry James 3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes and socialism D. William Dean Howells 4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women. a. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-l b. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 c. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 d. A-3, B-4, C-I, D-2 e. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-l

C

The American Protective Association a. preached the social gospel that churches were obligated to protect New Immigrants. b. was led for many years by Florence Kelley and Jane Addams. c. supported immigration restrictions. d. established settlement houses in several major cities in order to aid New Immigrants. e. sought to organize mutual-aid associations.

C

Match each individual with his role in the Pullman strike: A. Richard Olney 1. Head of the American Railway Union that organized the strike B. Eugene V. Debs 2. Governor of Illinois who sympathized with the striking workers C. George Pullman 3. United States attorney general who brought in federal troops to crush the strike D. John P. Altgeld 4. Owner of the "palace railroad car" company and the company town where the strike began a. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 b. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 c. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 d. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 e. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

C) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible, a. the Homestead Act was repealed. b. little land remained for public sale. c. Americans were disturbed that the free land of the West was gone. d. there were no more isolated bodies of settlement. e. all the western territories had been admitted as states.

C) Americans were disturbed that the free land of the West was gone.

The Democratic party nominee for president in 1896 was __________; the Republicans nominated __________; and the Populists endorsed a. William McKinley; Mark Hanna; William Jennings Bryan b. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; James B. Weaver c. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; William Jennings Bryan d. Mark Hanna; William Jennings Bryan; William Jennings Bryan e. William Jennings Bryan; Theodore Roosevelt; William Jennings Bryan

C) William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; William Jennings Bryan

Late-nineteenth-century farmers believed that their difficulties stemmed primarily from a. low tariff rates. b. overproduction. c. a deflated currency. d. immigration laws. e. the federal government.

C) a deflated currency.

Cities Denver and San Francisco did serve as a major "safety valve" by providing a. a home for new immigrants. b. recreational activities for its inhabitants. c. a home for failed farmers and busted miners. d. none of the above. e. all of the above.

C) a home for failed farmers and busted miners.

The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of a. the Gold Standard Act. b. McKinley's adoption of the bimetallic standard. c. an increase in the international gold supply. d. Populist fusion with the Democratic party. e. the creation of the Federal Reserve Board.

C) an increase in the international gold supply

The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian a. prosperity. b. annihilation. c. assimilation. d. culture. e. education.

C) assimilation.

"Sooners" were settlers "who jumped the gun" in order to a. pan gold in California. b. stake claims in the Comstock Lode in Nevada. c. claim land in Oklahoma. d. drive the first cattle to Montana and Wyoming. e. grab town sites in the Dakotas

C) claim land in Oklahoma

Jacob Coxey and his "army" marched on Washington, D.C., to a. demand a larger military budget. b. protest the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. c. demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program. d. try to promote a general strike of all workers. e. demand the immediate payment of bonuses to Civil War veterans.

C) demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program.

The strongest ally of Mark Hanna and the Republicans in the 1896 presidential election was a. the drop in wheat prices. b. McKinley's vigorous campaigning. c. fear of the alleged radicalism of William Jennings Bryan and his free silver cause. d. the nearly unanimous support of the nation's trained economists. e. the divisions in the Democratic Party.

C) fear of the alleged radicalism of William Jennings Bryan and his free silver cause.

In a bid to win labor's support, the Populist Party a. supported restrictions on immigration. b. nominated Samuel Gompers for president. c. opposed injunctions against labor strikes. d. endorsed workmen's compensation laws. e. proposed a law guaranteeing the right to organize and strike.

C) opposed injunctions against labor strikes.

The original purpose of the Grange was to a. get involved in politics. b. support an inflationary monetary policy. c. stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities. d. improve the farmers' collective plight. e. support the Homestead law.

C) stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities.

During the 1892 presidential election, large numbers of southern white farmers refused to desert the Democratic Party and support the Populist Party because a. they did not think the Populists represented their political interests. b. they were not experiencing the same hard times as Midwestern farmers. c. the history of racial division in the region made it hard to cooperate with blacks. d. they believed that too many Populists were former Republicans. e. they could not accept the Populists' call for government ownership of the railroads, telegraph, and telephones.

C) the history of racial division in the region made it hard to cooperate with blacks.

Major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s was a. the high price of land. b. the low market value of grain. c. the scarcity of water. d. overcrowding. e. the opposition of miners.

C) the scarcity of water.

In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War, the a. Indians were never as well armed as the soldiers. b. the U.S. army was able to dominate with its superior technology. c. there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides. d. Indians proved to be no match for the soldiers. e. Indians and soldiers seldom came into face-to-face combat.

C) there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides.

A "bird of passage" was an immigrant who a. came to the United States to live permanently. b. only passed through America on his or her way to Canada. c. was unmarried. d. came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe. e. flew from job to job.

D

American novelists' turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected the a. influence of Latin American literature. b. heightened awareness of racial problems. c. higher educational level of their readers. d. materialism and conflicts of the new industrial society. e. growing prominence of women writers.

D

As a leader of the African American community, Booker T. Washington a. helped to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. b. advocated social equality. c. discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut. d. promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation. e. promoted black political activism.

D

By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage a. acknowledged that women were biologically weaker than men but claimed that they deserved the vote anyway. b. temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote. c. formed strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights. d. argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world. e. insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women.

D

During the industrial revolution, life expectancy a. decreased. b. changed very little. c. was much higher in Europe than in the United States. d. measurably increased. e. rose for women more than men.

D

Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities except a. child care. b. instruction in English. c. cultural activities. d. instruction in socialism. e. social reform lobbying.

D

That a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of a. George Washington Carver b. Booker T. Washington. c. Ida B. Wells. d. W. E. B. Du Bois. e. Paul Laurence Dunbar.

D

The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of a. the new immigrants. b. big business. c. the poor and working classes. d. middle class women. e. industrial labor unions.

D

The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was a. uniquely American b. fueled by an agricultural system of suffering from poor production level.s c. attributed to the closing of the frontier. d. a trend that affected Europe as well. e. a result of natural reproduction.

D

The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from Texas ended were a. Kansas City, Kansas; Pueblo, Colorado; and Laramie, Wyoming. b. Tulsa, Oklahoma; Santa Fe, New Mexico; and Denver, Colorado. c. Topeka, Kansas; Omaha, Nebraska; and Casper, Wyoming. d. Abilene, Kansas; Ogallala, Nebraska; and Cheyenne, Wyoming. e. Atchison, Kansas; Greeley, Colorado; and Bozeman, Montana.

D) Abilene, Kansas; Ogalalla, Nebraska; and Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Which of the following provides the least valid support for the theory that the frontier served as a "safety valve" for American social discontent and economic conflict? a. Free western land attracted many immigrant farmers who might have crowded urban job markets. b. The possibility of westward migration encouraged eastern employers to pay higher wages. c. Farmers frequently migrated after earning a profit from the sale of land. d. Eastern city dwellers headed west to get free homesteads during depressions. e. Western cities became places of opportunity for failed farmers and easterners alike.

D) Eastern city dwellers headed west to get free homesteads during depressions.

The bitter conflict between whites and Indians intensified a. during the Civil War. b. as a result of vigilante justice. c. when big business took over the mining industry. d. as the mining frontier expanded. e. after the Battle of Wounded Knee.

D) as the mining frontier expanded.

William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic party primarily because he a. had already gained the nomination of the Populist party. b. had the support of urban workers. c. possessed a brilliant political mind. d. eloquently supported the farmers' demand for the unlimited coinage of silver. e. was backed by the Democratic Party establishment.

D) eloquently supported the farmers' demand for the unlimited coinage of silver.

American newspapers expanded their circulation and public attention by a. printing hard-hitting editorials. b. crusading for social reform. c. repudiating the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. d. focusing on coverage of the local community and avoiding syndicated material. e. printing sensationalist stories of sex and scandal.

E

Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was a. the vote. b. rigorous academic training. c. the rejection of accommodationist attitudes. d. to directly challenge white supremacy. e. economic independence.

E

During industrialization, Americans increasingly a. had less free time. b. outlawed cruel and violent sports like boxing. c. became less involved in physical sports and games. d. shared a common and standardized popular culture. e. fragmented into diverse consumer markets.

E

General Lewis Wallace's book Ben Hur a. achieved success only after his death. b. was based on a popular early movie. c. emphasized that virtue, honesty, and hard work were rewarded by success. d. detailed Wallace's experiences in the Civil War. e. defended Christianity against Darwinism.

E

In the 1890s, positions for women as secretaries, department store clerks, and telephone operators were largely reserved for a. Jews. b. Irish. c. African Americans. d. the college-educated. e. the native born.

E

In the new urban environment, most liberal Protestants a. believed that a final Judgment Day was coming soon. b. were driven out of mainstream seminaries and colleges. c. welcomed ecumenical conversations with Roman Catholics. d. sharply criticized American society and American government. e. rejected biblical literalism and adapted religious ideas to modem culture.

E

Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape a. political oppression. b. famine. c. the political disintegration of their country. d. the military draft. e. the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.

E

One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was a. the development of factories. b. the Sears catalog. c. advertising billboards. d. public transportation systems. e. the rise of large department stores.

E

The Morrill Act of 1862 a. established women's colleges like Vassar. b. required compulsory school attendance through high school. c. established the modem American research university. d. mandated racial integration in public schools. e. granted public lands to states to support higher education.

E

The National American Woman Suffrage Association a. achieved its central political goal in 1898. b. conducted an integrated campaign for equal rights. c. abandoned the goals of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. d. elected Ida B. Wells as its president. e. limited its membership to whites.

E

The new, research-oriented modem American university tended to a. focus primarily on theory rather than practical subjects. b. give a new emphasis to the importance of religion and cultural tradition. c. take the lead in movements of social and political reform. d. challenge Charles Darwin's theory of organic evolution and natural selection. e. de-emphasize religious and moral instruction in favor of practical subjects and professional specialization.

E

The post-civil War era witnessed a. an increase in compulsory school-attendance laws. b. the collapse of the Chautauqua movement. c. rejection of the German system of kindergartens. d. a slow rise in the illiteracy rate. e. an emphasis on liberal arts colleges.

E

The term Richardsonian in the late nineteenth century pertained to a. sculpture. b. novels. c. painting. d. music. e. architecture.

E

Which of the following prominent post-Civil War writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds? a. Mark Twain. b. William Dean Howells. c. Stephen Crane. d. Kate Chopin. e. Henry Adams.

E

Which of the following sports was not developed in the decades following the Civil War? a. basketball b. bicycling c. croquet d. college football e. baseball

E

Which one of the following was not among influential Populist leaders? a. William "Coin" Harvey b. Ignatius Donnelley c. Mary Elizabeth Lease d. James B. Weaver e. Eugene V. Debs

E) Eugene V. Debs

Which of the following was not among the qualifications that helped William McKinley earn the Republican presidential nomination in1896? a. He came from the key electoral swing state of Ohio. b. He had gained a national reputation by sponsoring the high McKinley Tariff Bill. c. He was a likable Civil War veteran. d. He was backed by the skilled political manager and fund raiser Mark Hanna. e. He was an energetic and charismatic campaigner.

E) He was an energetic and charismatic campaigner.

The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that a. rural America would defeat urban America. b. the South remained solid for the Democratic party. c. a third party candidate had a serious chance at the White House. d. factory workers would favor inflation. e. a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes.

E) a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes.

Mark Hanna, the Ohio Republican president-maker, believed that the prime function of government was to a. defend against foreign enemies. b. maintain a laissez-faire policy. c. not "rock the boat" of prosperity. d. overturn the "trickle down" theory of economics. e. aid business.

E) aid business.

The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender a. because they were decimated by their constant intertribal warfare. b. when they realized that agriculture was more profitable than hunting. c. after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting Bull were killed. d. when the army began using artillery against them. e. by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo.

E) by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo.

In the election of 1896, the major issue became a. restoration of protective tariffs. b. enactment of an income tax. c. government programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression. d. the rights of farmers and industrial workers. e. free and unlimited coinage of silver.

E) free and unlimited coinage of silver.

The Pullman strike created the first instance of a. management recognition of the right of workers to organize and strike. b. government use of federal troops to break a labor strike. c. violence during a labor strike. d. a united front between urban workers and agrarian Populists. e. government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike.

E) government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike.

In the decades after the Civil War, most American farmers a. became attached to their family farms. b. diversified their crops. c. became increasingly self-sufficient. d. saw their numbers grow as more people moved west. e. grew a single cash crop.

E) grew a single cash crop.

The enormous mineral wealth taken from the mining frontier of the West a. solved the Indian problem. b. solved the currency problem. c. enabled the West to be free of federal interference. d. profited individual prospectors but not corporations. e. helped to finance the Civil War.

E) helped to finance the Civil War.

In the long run, the group that probably did the most to shape the modern West was the a. trappers. b. miners. c. railroad men. d. cowboys. e. hydraulic engineers.

E) hydraulic engineers.

The Populists a. were the only third party in the nineteenth century to win electoral votes. b. gained most of their electoral votes from the South. c. received substantial support from industrial workers. d. refused to look to the federal government for assistance. e. none of the above.

E) none of the above

To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following except a. dissolve many tribes as legal entities. b. try to make rugged individualists of the Indians. c. wipe out tribal ownership of land. d. promise Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years. e. outlaw the sacred Sun Dance.

E) outlaw the sacred Sun Dance.

The root cause of the American farmers' problem after 1880 was a. urban growth. b. foreign competition. c. the declining number of farms and farmers. d. the shortage of farm machinery. e. overproduction of agricultural goods.

E) overproduction of agricultural goods.

The Homestead Act assumed that public land should be administered in such a way as to a. raise government revenue. b. conserve natural resources. c. favor large-scale "bonanza" farms. d. guarantee shipments for the railroads. e. promote frontier settlement.

E) promote frontier settlement.

In several states, farmers helped to pass the "Granger Laws," which a. raised tariffs. b. lowered mortgage interest rates. c. allowed them to form producer and consumer cooperatives. d. prohibited bankruptcy auctions. e. regulated railroad rates.

E) regulated railroad rates.

The Farmers' Alliance was formed to a. provide help to northern farmers. b. provide opportunities for higher education. c. end the rise of tenant farming. d. help landless farmers gain property. e. take action to break the strangling grip of the railroads

E) take action to break the strangling grip of the railroads.

President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that a. the union's leader, Eugene V. Debs, was a socialist. b. strikes against railroads were illegal. c. the strikers were engaging in violent attacks on railroad property. d. shutting down the railroads threatened American national security. e. the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.

E) the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.

The buffalo were nearly exterminated a. as a result of being over hunted by the Indians. b. when their grasslands were turned into wheat and corn fields. c. when their meat became valued in eastern markets. d. by disease. e. through wholesale butchery by whites.

E) through wholesale butchery by whites.