APUSH Chapter 30 The Quest for Equality Vocabulary

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education

Equal Pay Act

1963 law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work

Black Panther Party

A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black neighborhoods; often thought of as radical or violent.

La Raza Unida

A party organized in the late 1960s as a means of getting Mexican Americans to unite politically and to identify ethnically as one people.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A policy designed to reduce the barriers to voting for those suffering discrimination.

The Feminine Mystique

A publication by Betty Friedan that focused attention on the reality facing suburban women.

Freedom Rides

A series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and Whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961

Watts Riot

A white officer beat a black motorist in LA which caused 6 days of violence and thirty four people to die. Home were burned and the national guard had to be brought in.

George Wallace

Alabama governor best known for his pro-segregation attitudes during the Civil Rights Movement.

Southern Christian leadership conference

An organization founded by MLK Jr. to direct the crusade against segregation. Its weapon was passive resistance that stressed nonviolence and love, and its tactic was direct but peaceful, confrontation.

Malcolm X

Black Muslim who argued for separation, not integration. He changed his views, but was assassinated in 1965.

Congress of Racial Equality

CORE was a civil rights organization. They were famous for freedom rides which drew attention to Southern barbarity, leading to the passing of civil rights legislation.

Equal Rights Amendment

Constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender

National Organization for Women

Founded in 1966, the National Organization for Women (NOW) called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women. NOW also championed the legalization of abortion and passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution.

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Group that sent its own delegates to the Democratic National Convention in 1964 to protest discrimination against black voters in Mississippi

Montgomery Bus Boycott

In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.

Freedom Summer

In 1964, when blacks and whites together challenged segregation and led a massive drive to register blacks to vote

March on Washington

In August 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge the passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr. gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial.

Gay Liberation Movement

In the 1970s, homosexuals began an effort to win social and legal acceptance and to encourage gays to affirm their sexual identity. Despite some advances, the movement was slowed by the onset of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and the insistence of the military on banning openly gay individuals from the armed services.

American Indian movement

Led by Dennis Banks and Russell Means; purpose was to obtain equal rights for Native Americans; protested at the site of the Wounded Knee massacre

Stonewall Riot

New York City at a bar called Stonewall Inn; triggered activist protests among gays and lesbians; police raided gay bar; people fought back; became a symbol of gay oppression; began the gay pride movement

Cesar Chavez

Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers. Unionized Mexican-American farm workers.

Operation Wetback

Program which apprehended and returned some one million illegal immigrants to Mexico

Jackie Robinson

The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.

James Meredith

The first African American student at the University of Mississippi.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.

Little Rock Central High School

This was the first high school to be integrated. 9 African Americans started going to the all white high school. The military was there to protect them.

Martin Luther King Jr.

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.

Rosa Parks

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery Alabama and so triggered the national civil rights movement

Betty Friedan

United States feminist who founded a national organization for women

Fannie Lou Hamer

Spokesperson for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at the 1964 Democratic Convention

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Sstudents whose purpose was coordinate a nonviolent attack on segregation and other forms of racism

Roe v. Wade

The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. The decision forbade state control over abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mother's health in the second trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester.

Wounded Knee

The 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered.