APUSH Chapter 33

Hoover's media campaign and Smith's political liabilities

A. Led to a Republican landslide in the election of 1928

Black Tuesday

A. The worst single event of the great stock market crash of 1929

Supreme Court ruling that removed workplace protection and invalidated a minimum wage for women

Adkins v. Children's Hospital

World War I veterans' group that promoted patriotism and economic benefits for former servicemen

American Legion

Charles Dawes

B. Negotiator of a plan to reschedule German reparations payments and Coolidge's vice president after 1925

Republicans pro-business policies

B. Weakened labor unions and prevented the enforcement of progressive antitrust legislation

The climactic day of the October 1929 Wall Street stock-market crash

Black Tuesday

Encampment of unemployed veterans who were driven out of Washington by General Douglas MacArthur's forces in 1932

Bonus Expeditionary Force

Al Smith

C. "Happy Warrior" who attracted votes in the cities but lost them in the South

The stock-market crash

C. Plunged the United States into its worst economic depression

The improved farm efficiency and production of the 1920s

D. Drove crop prices down and created a rural economic depression

Albert B. Fall

D. Harding's interior secretary, convicted of taking bribes for leases on federal oil reserves

American-sponsored arrangement for rescheduling German reparations payments that only temporarily eased the international debt tangle of the 1920s

Dawes Plan

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

E. Law that promoted American economic isolationism of the 1920's

American concern about the arms race and the danger of war

E. Led to the successful Washington Disarmament Conference and the Five Power Naval Agreement of 1922

Harry Daugherty

F. Attorney general and a member of Harding's corrupt "Ohio Gang" who resigned due to administration scandals

The loose moral atmosphere of Harding's Washington

F. Encourage numerous federal officials to engage in corrupt dealings

Throughout his term, Hoover consistently followed his belief that the federal government should play no role in providing economic relief and assisting the recovery from the depression.

False. Hoover provided public works projects like the Hoover Dam, but mostly kept out of providing economic relief.

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff strengthened the trend toward expanded international trade and economic cooperation.

False. The Hawley-Smoot Tariff strengthened the trend toward economic division.

The Republican administrations of the 1920s believed in strict enforcement of antitrust laws to maintain strong business competition.

False. The Republican administrations of the 1920s believed in loose enforcement of antitrust laws.

The Republican administrations of the 1920s pursued an isolationist policy toward national security by engaging in a large military buildup.

False. The Republican administrations of the 1920s pursued an isolationist policy toward national security by engaging in a large military disarmament.

The United States strongly supported China against Japan in the Manchurian crisis even though it had greater economic interests in Japan.

False. The United States half-heartedly supported China against Japan because it had greater economic interests in China.

The most corrupt members of Harding's cabinet were the secretaries of state and the treasury.

False. The most corrupt members of Harding's cabinet were the secretary of the interior and the attorney general.

Agreement emerging from the Washington Disarmament Conference that reduced naval strength and established a ratio of warships among the major shipbuilding powers

Five-Power Naval Treaty

Domestic over-expansion of production and dried-up international trade

G. Helped cause the stock-market crash and deepen the Great Depression

Charles Evans Hughes

G. Strong-minded leader of Harding's cabinet and initiator of major naval agreements

Hoover's limited efforts at federally sponsored relief and recovery

H. Failed to end the depression but did prevent more serious economic suffering

Andrew Mellon

H. Wealthy industrialist and conservative secretary of the treasury in the 1920s

Sky-high tariff bill of 1930 that deepened the depression and caused international financial chaos

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

"Dry," Protestant southern Democrats who rebelled against their party's "wet," Catholic presidential nominee in 1928 and voted for the Republican candidate

Hoovercrats

Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress

Hoovervilles

The high-tariff Fordney-McCumber Law of 1922

I. Sustained American prosperity but pushed Europe into economic protectionism and turmoil

Warren G. Harding

I. Weak-willed president whose easygoing ways led to widespread corruption in his administration

America's demand for complete repayment of the Allies' war debt

J. Aroused Britain's and France's anger and toughened their demands for German war reparations

Henry Stimson

J. Hoover's secretary of state, who sought sanctions against Japan for its aggression in Manchuria

Herbert Hoover

K. Secretary of commerce through much of the 1920s whose reputation for economic genius became a casualty of the Great Depression

Toothless international agreement of 1928 that pledged nations to outlaw war

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Robert La Follette

L. Leader of a liberal third-party insurgency who attracted little support outside the farm belt

Henry Sinclair

M. Wealthy oilman who bribed cabinet officials in the Teapot Dome scandal

The Chinese province invaded and overrun by the Japanese army in 1932

Manchuria

Farm proposal of the 1920s, passed by Congress but vetoed by the president, that provided for the federal government to buy farm surpluses and sell them abroad

McNary-Haugen Bill

Douglas MacArthur

N. Commander of the troops who force- fully ousted the "army" of unemployed veterans from Washington in 1932

Calvin Coolidge

O. Tight-lipped Vermonter who promoted frugality and pro-business policies during his presidency

Poker-playing cronies from Harding's native state who contributed to the morally loose atmosphere in his administration

Ohio Gang

Hoover-sponsored federal agency that provided loans to hard-pressed banks and businesses after 1932

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Naval oil reserve in Wyoming that gave its name to one of the major Harding administration scandals

Teapot Dome

Britain and France did not begin to repay their war debts to the United States until the Dawes Plan provided American loans to Germany.

True

Calvin Coolidge's image of honesty and thrift helped restore public confidence in the government after the Harding administration scandals.

True

In the election of 1928, Democratic nominee Al Smith's urban, Catholic, and "wet" background cost him support from traditionally Democratic southern voters.

True

One sector of the American economy that did not share the prosperity of the 1920s was agriculture.

True

The American economic collapse set off by the Great Depression was the most severe suffered by any major industrial nation in the 1930s.

True

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation provided federal loans to business and governmental institutions but no aid to individuals.

True

The depression was caused partly by over-expansion of credit and excessive consumer debt.

True

The high tariff policies of the 1920s enhanced American prosperity but crippled international trade and Europe's economic recovery from World War I.

True

The main exception to America's isolationist foreign policy in the 1920s was continuing U.S. armed intervention in the Caribbean and Central America.

True

The main sources of support for liberal third-party presidential candidate Robert La Follette in 1924 were urban workers and reformers.

True

The general policy of the federal government toward industry in the early 1920s was

a. a weakening of federal regulation and encouragement of trade associations.

Al Smith's Roman Catholicism and opposition to prohibition hurt him especially

a. in the South.

One important cause of the great stock-market crash of 1929 was

a. over-expansion of production and credit beyond the ability to pay for them.

The international economic crisis caused by unpaid war reparations and loans was partially resolved by

a. private American bank loans to Germany.

The one major group that experienced hard economic times amidst the general prosperity of the 1920's was

b. farmers.

The "farm bloc's" favorite solution to the severe drop in prices that caused farmers' economic suffering in the 1920s was

b. for the federal government to buy up agricultural surpluses at higher prices and sell them abroad.

Two groups who suffered severe political setbacks in the immediate post-World War I environment were

b. organized labor and blacks.

Besides deep divisions within the Democratic party, the elections of 1924 revealed

b. the weakness of pro-farmer and pro-labor Progressive reform.

The central scandal of Teapot Dome involved members of Harding's Cabinet who

b. took bribes for leasing federal oil lands.

The federal agency Hoover established to provide "pump-priming" loans to businesses was the

c. Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

The sky-high Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 had the economic effect of

c. crippling international trade and deepening the depression.

Two terms that describe the Harding and Coolidge administrations' approach toward foreign policy are

c. isolationism and disarmament.

The proposed ratio of "5-5-3" in the Washington Disarmament Conference of 1921-1922 referred to

c. the allowable ratio of battleships and carriers among the United States, Britain, and Japan.

The election of Hoover over Smith in 1928 seemed to represent a victory of

d. big business and efficiency over urban and Catholic values.

The very high tariff rates of the 1920s had the economic effect of

d. causing the Europeans to erect their own tariff barriers and thus reduce international trade.

As president, Warren G. Harding proved to be

d. weak-willed and tolerant of corruption among his friends.