sociology chapter 5 Separate and Together: Life in Groups

Lana was always spoiled during her youth. As an only child, she was lavished with praise and gifts from her parents. Unfortunately, they died when Lana was in college, and since then, Lana has remained single and has made no close friends. Her contact with other family members is limited.By virtue of her limited group membership, which of these concepts is Lana is more likely to experience?

anomie

Zimbardo

assigned research subjects to play either a prisoner or a guard for a two-week mock-prison simulation.

internalization example

attending class because you think that the material in the class is worth learning

identification example

attending class because you think your professor and classmates are smart and have interesting ideas

compliance example

attending class so that you can pass and get a degree

traditional authority

authority based in custom, birthright, or divine right

legal-rational authority

authority based in laws, rules, and procedures

charismatic authority

authority based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader

Jennifer is very popular and has the most ties with individuals throughout the league. Which social network concept best describes Jennifer's situation?

centrality

Which theoretical perspective would suggest that group memberships are used to separate and differentially treat individuals on the basis of their categorization?

conflict theory

Who coined the term "anomie"?

emile durkhiem

Asch

examined how research subjects responded when multiple other individuals clearly answered a question incorrectly

Power can be coercive when

it is backed by the threat of force

technical competence

All members are expressly trained and qualified for their specific roles within the organization.technical competence

specialization

All members of a bureaucracy are assigned specific roles and tasks

hierarchy

Bureaucracies always feature the supervision of subordinates by higher-ranking managers and bosses.

Which of the following principles were explained in Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's 2009 work on social networks?

contagion connection

Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler

Social networks can influence not only an individual's health but also can spread everything from obesity to smoking and substance abuse.

duncan watts

Social networks can shape our actions, such as voting behavior, because of which individuals make up those social networks.

Mark Granovetter

Social ties follow social-class lines and link high socioeconomic status (SES) individuals with a vast array of high-SES contacts who can provide job leads.

In a bureaucracy, rules come before people; no individual receives special treatment

impersonality

power can be influential when

it is supported by persuasion.

Stanley Milgram

led research subjects to believe they were shocking another individual in a different room when the person got a question incorrect

These are meant to make all operations as predictable as possible

rules and regulations

When leadership styles do not match with traditional gender roles, the disconnect can lead to feelings of surprise or upset.

true

formal written communication

Documents such as memos (or e-mails) are the heart of the organization and the most effective way to communicate.

Social loafing

the phenomenon in which each individual contributes a little less as more individuals are added to a task. "Too many people" means too much miscommunication, chaos, and bureaucracy, which leads to social loafing and reduces efficiency and slows progress

Joseph conti

The United States is one of the most powerful members of the WTO not because of its outcome in disputes but because of its centrality.

Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, has a rule that if a team cannot be fed by two pizzas, the team is too large. The "two pizza" rule exemplifies the concept of ____________.

social loafing

Power is

the ability to control the actions of others and if legitimated, provides authority

Anomie

the alienation and loss of purpose that result from weaker social bonds and an increased pace of change.

Solomon Asch studied people's tendency to conform to group norms by staging gatherings where members of a group were asked to compare a straight line to a set of three reference lines. What were Asch's findings?

Many people are reluctant to be the sole dissenting voice in a group. Most people seek to align themselves with the group majority.

Mark just bought a brand-new Subaru hybrid after driving a twenty-year-old car for a long time. He is really impressed with his new car and takes every opportunity to drive his friends around in it. Over the next year, three of his friends buy new Subarus and three others are seriously considering doing so. Which concept best describes what is happening in Mark's network?

contagion

aspects of group dynamics

how groups form how groups achieve goals how groups change how groups disintegrate