sociology chapter 5 Separate and Together: Life in Groups
Lana was always spoiled during her youth. As an only child, she was lavished with praise and gifts from her parents. Unfortunately, they died when Lana was in college, and since then, Lana has remained single and has made no close friends. Her contact with other family members is limited.By virtue of her limited group membership, which of these concepts is Lana is more likely to experience?
anomie
Zimbardo
assigned research subjects to play either a prisoner or a guard for a two-week mock-prison simulation.
internalization example
attending class because you think that the material in the class is worth learning
identification example
attending class because you think your professor and classmates are smart and have interesting ideas
compliance example
attending class so that you can pass and get a degree
traditional authority
authority based in custom, birthright, or divine right
legal-rational authority
authority based in laws, rules, and procedures
charismatic authority
authority based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader
Jennifer is very popular and has the most ties with individuals throughout the league. Which social network concept best describes Jennifer's situation?
centrality
Which theoretical perspective would suggest that group memberships are used to separate and differentially treat individuals on the basis of their categorization?
conflict theory
Who coined the term "anomie"?
emile durkhiem
Asch
examined how research subjects responded when multiple other individuals clearly answered a question incorrectly
Power can be coercive when
it is backed by the threat of force
technical competence
All members are expressly trained and qualified for their specific roles within the organization.technical competence
specialization
All members of a bureaucracy are assigned specific roles and tasks
hierarchy
Bureaucracies always feature the supervision of subordinates by higher-ranking managers and bosses.
Which of the following principles were explained in Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's 2009 work on social networks?
contagion connection
Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler
Social networks can influence not only an individual's health but also can spread everything from obesity to smoking and substance abuse.
duncan watts
Social networks can shape our actions, such as voting behavior, because of which individuals make up those social networks.
Mark Granovetter
Social ties follow social-class lines and link high socioeconomic status (SES) individuals with a vast array of high-SES contacts who can provide job leads.
In a bureaucracy, rules come before people; no individual receives special treatment
impersonality
power can be influential when
it is supported by persuasion.
Stanley Milgram
led research subjects to believe they were shocking another individual in a different room when the person got a question incorrect
These are meant to make all operations as predictable as possible
rules and regulations
When leadership styles do not match with traditional gender roles, the disconnect can lead to feelings of surprise or upset.
true
formal written communication
Documents such as memos (or e-mails) are the heart of the organization and the most effective way to communicate.
Social loafing
the phenomenon in which each individual contributes a little less as more individuals are added to a task. "Too many people" means too much miscommunication, chaos, and bureaucracy, which leads to social loafing and reduces efficiency and slows progress
Joseph conti
The United States is one of the most powerful members of the WTO not because of its outcome in disputes but because of its centrality.
Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, has a rule that if a team cannot be fed by two pizzas, the team is too large. The "two pizza" rule exemplifies the concept of ____________.
social loafing
Power is
the ability to control the actions of others and if legitimated, provides authority
Anomie
the alienation and loss of purpose that result from weaker social bonds and an increased pace of change.
Solomon Asch studied people's tendency to conform to group norms by staging gatherings where members of a group were asked to compare a straight line to a set of three reference lines. What were Asch's findings?
Many people are reluctant to be the sole dissenting voice in a group. Most people seek to align themselves with the group majority.
Mark just bought a brand-new Subaru hybrid after driving a twenty-year-old car for a long time. He is really impressed with his new car and takes every opportunity to drive his friends around in it. Over the next year, three of his friends buy new Subarus and three others are seriously considering doing so. Which concept best describes what is happening in Mark's network?
contagion
aspects of group dynamics
how groups form how groups achieve goals how groups change how groups disintegrate
