APUSH Chapter 4 review

The group that came to be known as the Cajuns after the Great War for Empire were...

French settlers expelled by the British from Nova Scotia and deported to Louisiana.

Which of the following individuals created the foundation of Enlightenment thinking?

Nicolas Copernicus

What made George Whitefield such a successful evangelical preacher in New England in the 1740s?

A reputation for being "almost angelical" in appearance

Which of the following colleges was founded in the mid-eighteenth century out of the religious enthusiasm spread by the Great Awakening?

Princeton

Why was the print revolution that occurred in the colonies during the early eighteenth century significant?

Printing allowed for the broad transmission of new ideas.

The political conflicts that wracked colonial Pennsylvania in the middle of the eighteenth century stemmed from which of the following sources?

Rapid immigration and population growth

The most numerous voluntary (nonslave) emigrants to British North America in the eighteenth century came from which of the following groups?

Scots-Irish

Which of these individuals would have most likely preferred Pietism to deism in the eighteenth century?

Scots-Irish migrant

Puritan minister Cotton Mather's response to which of the following eighteenth-century crises demonstrated that Enlightenment ideas had begun to influence him?

The Boston smallpox epidemic

In New York during the first half of the eighteenth-century, settlement of the Hudson River Valley showed which of the following patterns?

The Dutch manorial system largely remained intact, with a few wealthy and powerful Dutch and English landlords dominating poor tenant families.

Pontiac's uprising in Detroit in 1763 was a direct cause of which of the following events?

The Royal Proclamation of 1763

Which of the following developments was an outcome of the eighteenth-century consumer revolution?

The colonists became more dependent on overseas credits and markets.

Which of the following statements best describes women's property rights in the English colonies in the eighteenth-century?

When they married, women passed legal ownership of all personal property to their husbands.

How did the British government respond to hostilities in American in 1754?

William Pitt and Lord Halifax persuaded Prime Minister Pelham to start a war in America against the French.

How did farmwives throughout the colonies in the eighteenth century contribute to their families?

Wives acted as helpmates to their husbands and performed both domestic and agricultural tasks.

Isaac Newton

used the sciences of mathematics and physics to explain the movement of the planets around the sun (and invented calculus in the process)

The eighteenth-century Great Awakening was the impetus for which of the following phenomena?

African Americans' creation of a distinctive Protestant Christianity

Which of the following consequences of the eighteenth-century Great Awakening made it historically significant?

Americans' new freedom to challenge authority within and outside the church

Which of these religious denominations successfully converted many slaves in the mid-eighteenth-century southern colonies?

Baptists

Which of the following statements describes the early Industrial Revolution and its impact on the American colonies in the eighteenth century?

Britain's new ability to produce more and cheaper goods than ever before transformed American markets and raised most colonists' standard of living.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship of typical new England women to the Church in the eighteenth century?

Churches were filled primarily with women but led exclusively by men.

Which of the following statements describes rural life in the New England colonies during the eighteenth century?

Colonists' sense of personal worth and dignity in rural New England contrasted sharply with European peasant life.

Which of the following was part of William Pitt's strategy to mobilize the American colonists for the Great War for Empire in 1756?

Committing to provide a fleet of British ships and 30,000 soldiers to north America

Which of the following problems troubled both eastern migrants and western settlers in the American colonies in the mid-1700s?

Competition for land

Which of the following features characterized the Middle Atlantic colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century?

Cultural diversity

Influenced by Enlightenment science, which of the following religious movements believed that God had created the world but allowed it to operate in accordance with the laws of nature?

Deism

Which of the following eighteenth-century Pennsylvania immigrant groups quickly lost its cultural identity by practicing intermarriage with other Protestants?

Dutch Huguenots

Which of the following statements characterizes eighteenth-century religious practice in Pennsylvania?

Each religious sect enforced moral behavior among its members.

In the mid-1700s, which industrializing nation was the dominant commercial power in the Atlantic Ocean?

England

Which of the following was an outcome of New England families' efforts to maintain the freeholder ideal in the late eighteenth century?

Farmers abandoned traditional grain crops and adopted livestock agriculture instead.

Which of the following statements best describes inheritance patterns in colonial New England during the mid-1700s?

Fathers had a cultural duty to provide inheritances for their children.

Hostilities between French troops and Virginians led by Colonel George Washington Began in 1754 at which of the following locations?

Fort Duquesne

Which of the following was a provision of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

France lost all of her North American territory east of the Mississippi River.

Which of the following statements describes the role of money and economic exchange in eighteenth-century rural new England?

Generally, no money was exchanged between relatives and neighbors, but accounts of debts were maintained and settled every few years by cash transfers.

Which of the following characterized the New England freehold society of the early eighteenth century?

Many relatively equal landowning families whose livelihoods came from agriculture and trade

What did the German immigrants known as redemptioners do on their arrivals in Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century?

Negotiated the terms for a period of servitude through which they would pay for their trip

During the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s, which of the following groups challenged the authority of minsters?

New Lights

The English philosopher John Locke believed which of the following ideas?

People had natural rights such as life, liberty, and property.

How did the Pietism movement of the eighteenth century differ from Puritanism?

Pietism stressed an individual's relationship with God.

Which of the following developments created a crisis for New England Puritan society in the eighteenth century?

Population growth made freehold land scarce.

The power of human reason, a world ordered by natural laws, and the progressive improvement of society are associated with which of the following movements?

The Enlightenment

Which of the following eighteenth-century movements imposed a significant challenge to traditional assumptions about race, gender, and class in American society?

The Great Awakening

Which of the following statements describes the religious controversy that emerged from the Great Awakening during the 1740s and 1750s?

The Old Lights prohibited preachers from speaking to a congregation without its minister's permission.

Which of the following statements characterizes the nature of colonial Pennsylvania during the eighteenth century?

The growing wheat trade in the mid-eighteenth century brought an influx of poor families, which increased social divisions.

Which of the following was a result of the long-practiced policy of subdividing land in New England for inheritance by the mid-1700s?

The number of children conceived before marriage rose sharply.

What specific purpose did the colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia serve for the British Empire in the eighteenth century?

Their wheat crops made them the breadbasket of the Atlantic world.

What made the British authorities wary of declaring war against the French in North American in 1754?

They believed the American colonists were incapable of cooperating in their own defense.

Why did the Virginia gentry fear the rise of the Baptists in the mid-eighteenth century?

They threatened to undermine the gentry's position and privilege.

Pietism

a Christian revival movement characterized by Bible study, the conversion experience, and the individual's personal relationship with God

Jonathan Edwards

a Massachusetts minister who encouraged a revival there that spread to towns throughout the Connecticut River Valley; published a book that highlights the transatlantic network of correspondents that gave Pietism much of its vitality

redemptioner

a common type of indentured servant in the Middle colonies in the 18th century; did not sign a contract before leaving Europe & instead found employers after arriving in America

revival

a renewal of religious enthusiasm in a Christian congregation; revivals were often inspired by evangelical preachers who urged their listeners to experience a rebirth

Enlightenment

an 18th century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions and the power of reason to understand and shape the world

George Whitefield

an English minister who transformed the local revivals of Edwards and the Tennents into a Great Awakening; carried John Wesley's fervent message to American, where he attracted huge crowds from Georgia to Massachusetts

consumer revolution

an increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britain and the British colonies fueled by the Industrial Revolution

Old Lights

conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers; they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life

New Lights

evangelical preachers, many of them influenced by John Wesley, the founder of English Methodism, and George Whitefield, the charismatic itinerant preacher; they decried a Christian faith that was merely intellectual and emphasized the importance of a spiritual rebirth

Regulators

landowning protestors who organized in North & South Carolina to demand that the eastern-controlled government provide western districts with more courts, fairer taxation, and greater representation in the assembly

The 1754 Albany Congress was a significant event because it demonstrated that...

neither the colonists nor the British found the other's plan acceptable.

squatters

new migrants who settled illegally on land that they hoped they would eventually be able to acquire on legal terms

John Locke

stressed the impact of environment and experience on human behavior and beliefs, arguing that the character of individuals and societies was not fixed but could be changed through education, rational thought, and purposeful action

deism

the Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian God created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws

The French and Indian War started as a result of disputed land claims regarding...

the Ohio River Valley.

Pontiac

the Ottawa chief who tried to persuade the French to return to its former territories; inspired by a Delaware prophet, Neolin, he led a major uprising at Detroit; fell to the British in defeat

competency

the ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability to the next generation

William Pitt

the architect of the British war effort in the Great War for Empire

Ben-Jamin' Franklin

the exemplar of the American Enlightenment and deist; founded the Pennsylvania Gazette

In the eighteenth-century New England, the notion that parents would pay grown children for their labors in exchange for the privilege of choosing the children's spouses was known as...

the marriage portion.

tenancy

the rental of property; used by Dutch and English manorial lords to attract settlers to the Hudson River Valley

natural rights

the rights of life, liberty, and property; according to John Locke in Two Treatises of Government, political authority wasn't given by God to monarchs, but instead it derived from social compacts that people made to preserve their natural rights

household mode of production

the system of exchanging goods and labor that helped 18th century New England freeholders survive on ever-shrinking farms as available land became more scarce

Tanaghrisson

to maintain influence on the Ohio River Valley, this "half-king" as well as another were sent by the Iroquois to the native settlement of Logstown, a trading town on the upper Ohio, where Britain recognized them as leaders