APUSH Chapters 16

Which one of the following was a result of the impeachment and trial of President Andrew Johnson? A. A precedent was established against the impeachment of presidents solely on political grounds. B. Johnson emerged triumphant in his battle with the Radicals in Congress. C. The president was convicted, dismissed from office, and replaced by Ulysses S. Grant. D. Republicans and Democrats in Congress at last found a cause around which they all could rally. E. None of these choices

A. A precedent was established against the impeachment of presidents solely on political grounds.

What brought the Radical and moderate Republicans together in an alliance against President Johnson? A. President Johnson vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau bill and the Civil Rights Act of 1866. B. Moderate Republicans realized that Johnson was delaying readmission of the former Confederate states. C. Many Republicans feared the president's proposal for an agency that would provide relief, rations, and medical care for impoverished southerners. D. President Johnson sent a message to northern Democrats that they could work together to rebuild the South. E. Moderate Republicans feared that the president was going to bolt the Republican party for the Democratic party.

A. President Johnson vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau bill and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

Which of the following was not one of the effects of emancipation on the black family in the years after the Civil War? A. The majority became single-parent families as men left their wives and set out to seek their fortunes. B. Many blacks legalized marriages that had been formed under slavery. C. Black men often asserted themselves as heads of households. D. Black women withdrew from the work force to care for homes and family. E. Many blacks migrated from the countryside to towns and cities.

A. The majority became single-parent families as men left their wives and set out to seek their fortunes.

What role did blacks have in the southern governments established under congressional Reconstruction? A. There were no black governors and only two black senators. B. Blacks held most of the political offices. C. Blacks formed a majority in most of the state legislatures. D. Blacks rarely filled any important positions in state government. E. Blacks dominated the ranks of the opposition Democratic party.

A. There were no black governors and only two black senators.

What issue caused the women suffrage movement to split into two different groups, the American Woman Suffrage Association and the National Woman Suffrage Association? A. They differed over strategy-whether to seek the right to vote in the states or via a constitutional amendment. B. They split over whether the struggle for black suffrage and women's suffrage should be combined. C. They split over whether free black women should gain suffrage when freedmen did. D. They debated the need for laws guaranteeing married women the right to their own property. E. None of these choices

A. They differed over strategy-whether to seek the right to vote in the states or via a constitutional amendment.

Which of the following descriptions provides an accurate assessment of the success of Reconstruction? A. It succeeded in giving blacks equal rights. B. Although making initial progress, it failed to provide lasting improvements for blacks. C. It established southern state governments which were dominated by northerners until the 20th century. D. It ended the practice of segregation in both the North and the South. E. It led to the adoption of legislation that guaranteed the civil rights of all Americans.

B. Although making initial progress, it failed to provide lasting improvements for blacks.

President Andrew Johnson was impeached because A. He refused to dismiss his vice president after he joined the Ku Klux Klan. B. He attempted to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act. C. He accepted a bribe from the Credit Mobilier Corporation. D. He pardoned several Confederate generals including Robert E. Lee. E. He nominated several black men to his cabinet.

B. He attempted to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act.

Which statement is not true about Andrew Johnson? A. He wanted to exclude the planters from political leadership in the South but then undermined his intention by granting so many pardons to this group. B. He cared deeply about obtaining just treatment for the freedmen. C. He was a lifelong Democrat with no interest in building the strength of the Republican party. D. He vetoed all of the congressional reconstruction acts, only to have Congress override his vetoes. E. During the war he had reversed his position on slavery.

B. He cared deeply about obtaining just treatment for the freedmen.

Which of the following events happened in the three years immediately following the Civil War? A. President Johnson exiled, imprisoned, or executed many former Confederate leaders. B. Intense and unparalleled political conflicts dominated the national scene. C. Demobilized Confederate soldiers continued armed resistance to federal occupation forces. D. Freedmen took revenge on their former owners and the rest of the southern white community. E. Radical Republicans ordered the execution of all Confederate officials holding a cabinet rank or higher.

B. Intense and unparalleled political conflicts dominated the national scene.

Which statement accurately describes southern black education during Reconstruction? A. It was a national priority. B. It advanced but remained quite limited. C. It made rapid strides toward integration. D. It focused exclusively on the elementary level. E. It declined rapidly.

B. It advanced but remained quite limited.

Who was normally the main pillar of authority in the southern black community after the Civil War? A. Local public school teacher B. Minister of the black church C. Local justice of the peace D. Head of the county Democratic party E. The carpetbagger

B. Minister of the black church

Which of the following Reconstruction laws is correctly paired with one of its provisions? A. The Civil Rights Act of 1866: required military commanders to initiate voter enrollment. B. The Reconstruction Act of 1867: invalidated state governments formed under Lincoln and Johnson. C. The Supplementary Freedman's Bureau Act prohibited the president from removing federal officials without consent of the Senate. D. Army Appropriations Act: declared that the U.S. Army would be a fully integrated force. E. Amnesty Act: proclaimed that only Confederate soldiers at or below the rank of private would be entitled to military pensions.

B. The Reconstruction Act of 1867: invalidated state governments formed under Lincoln and Johnson.

What do Howard, Atlanta, and Fisk universities, and Hampton Institute have in common? A. They were all universities that were established in response to the forced integration of Southern colleges implemented by the Reconstruction Act of 1867. B. They were all predominantly black institutions that were established in the years immediately following the Civil War. C. Established during the years of the Confederacy, they all closed their doors temporarily in the 1870s rather than admit blacks. D. They were the locations of the first four chapters of the Ku Klux Klan. E. They were all founded and named in honor of famous African American generals of the Civil War era.

B. They were all predominantly black institutions that were established in the years immediately following the Civil War.

Where did women first gain the right to vote? A. Missouri and Wyoming B. Wyoming and Utah C. New York and New Jersey D. New York and Wyoming E. Massachusetts and Vermont

B. Wyoming and Utah

The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution A. declared secession illegal. B. abolished slavery. C. guaranteed freedmen the right to vote. D. declared former slaves to be citizens. E. disqualified former Confederate officers from running for office.

B. abolished slavery.

The term "Grantism" referred to A. the heroism shown by soldiers on the frontier. B. fraud and political corruption. C. the ideal appointees to the federal government. D. the failure of the Democratic party to rule effectively in the 1870s. E. alcohol abuse in the White House.

B. fraud and political corruption.

The intention of the Fourteenth Amendment was to A. abolish slavery. B. protect the citizenship rights of males. C. guarantee the right to vote of men. D. grant itself the power to collect income taxes. E. protect the property rights of freedmen.

B. protect the citizenship rights of males.

The black codes enacted by southern states after the Civil War had all of the following rules in common except: A. prohibiting interracial marriage. B. pushing former slaves off plantations. C. requiring annual contracts between landowners and black agricultural workers. D. banning jury service by blacks. E. preventing blacks from testifying against whites in court.

B. pushing former slaves off plantations.

The Ku Klux Klan was established after the Civil War to A. protect the rights of small farmers from Northern land speculators. B. terrorize blacks into submissive behavior and intimidate black voters. C. pressure the North to end the military occupation of the South. D. frighten whites into electing former slaves to public office. E. All of these choices

B. terrorize blacks into submissive behavior and intimidate black voters.

The purpose of the Enforcement Acts was A. to give federal troops authority to police former Confederate soldiers in the South. B. to curb vigilante violence and protect black voters. C. to enforce restrictions that were placed on blacks. D. insure that the South accepted the outcome of the Civil War. E. to limit the scope of Reconstruction.

B. to curb vigilante violence and protect black voters.

The "money question" of the 1870s was the question concerning A. how to balance the federal budget without raising taxes. B. whether or not to issue more paper money. C. whether paper money should be green or yellow. D. whether or not Jim Fisk should go to jail for attempting to corner the gold market. E. how to spend the growing federal surplus.

B. whether or not to issue more paper money.

By the end of 1865, under President Johnson's reconstruction policies, A. All southern states had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment and repudiated their Confederate debts. B. Most southern states had passed special industrial codes to help the freedmen become economically independent. C. Former Confederate officials and generals had been elected to serve in Congress. D. Southern states were moving toward rebellion and secession once again. E. The southern states had been divided into a series of military districts.

C. Former Confederate officials and generals had been elected to serve in Congress.

Which statement concerning Republican rule in the former Confederate states is true? A. It was permanently established through the new state constitutions approved by Congress. B. In most states lasted until the Democrats were able to recapture the White House in 1884. C. It lasted a maximum of about eight years, but in most states much less. D. It revolutionized southern politics and destroyed the Democratic party. E. It established high standards of ethical behavior.

C. It lasted a maximum of about eight years, but in most states much less.

Aside from guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves, what makes the Civil Rights Act of 1866 historically significant? A. It guaranteed the rights of freedmen to marry whomever they chose, including white women. B. President Andrew Johnson signed the bill as a tribute to President Abraham Lincoln, whose life was cut short by an assassin's bullet. C. It was the first major law ever passed over a presidential veto. D. It was the first major racial law that southern representatives in Congress helped pass. E. It was the first post-Civil War legislation to have the support of both parties in Congress.

C. It was the first major law ever passed over a presidential veto.

What triggered the depression in the mid-1870s? A. Railroad Strike of 1877 B. 1876 presidential election C. Panic of 1873 D. 1875 Stock Market Crash E. 1874 Gold Boom

C. Panic of 1873

What did Ulysses S. Grant's election in 1868 suggest? A. Reconstruction was not popular anywhere in the country. B. Sound money was the first priority for most voters. C. Republicans needed the newly enfranchised southern freedmen to ensure national victories. D. American voters were tired of corruption in government. E. Americans were wary of military men in politics.

C. Republicans needed the newly enfranchised southern freedmen to ensure national victories.

Which of the following was not a feature of Lincoln's "I0 percent plan"? A. State governments could be formed when at least 10 percent of those who had voted in 1860 had sworn allegiance to the Union and accepted emancipation. B. Confederate officials needed presidential pardons before they could participate in the new governments. C. Confederate army and naval officers needed presidential pardons before they could participate in the new governments. D. Southern plantations were to be confiscated and divided among the blacks who had formerly worked there as slaves. E. Freedmen were excluded from participation because they had not been voters in 1860.

D. Southern plantations were to be confiscated and divided among the blacks who had formerly worked there as slaves.

Which of the following is not true about Radical Republicans such as Thaddeus Stevens? A. They favored black suffrage and federal support for public schools. B. They hoped to crush the planter aristocracy. C. They wanted to a period of extended military occupation in the south. D. They believed that through intermarriage a true biracial society could be established in the South. E. They believed that the federal government should confiscate Confederate property

D. They believed that through intermarriage a true biracial society could be established in the South.

Which of the following was not one of the ways in which opponents of Reconstruction challenged it? A. They supported dissident Republican factions. B. They used vigilante efforts to reduce black votes. C. They launched publicity campaigns to demean the new state constitutions. D. They locked the doors to legislature buildings and met secretly in other facilities. E. They challenged the eligibility of black legislators and expelled them from office.

D. They locked the doors to legislature buildings and met secretly in other facilities.

In 1861 Tsar Alexander II of Russia emancipated the Russian serfs. Two years later, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Which of the following statements correctly states a similarity or a difference in these two events? A. In both countries, it took considerable military force and violence to impose emancipation. B. In both countries, the large landowners who were affected resisted the government's efforts for decades. C. In both countries, the governments established a process by which the nobles or former slaveowners would be compensated for their losses. D. In both countries, the newly emancipated people were provided with land on which to begin a new life as free citizens. E. In both instances, sooner or later, landowners regained authority over labor, sought profit from agricultural production, and held social advantage.

E. In both instances, sooner or later, landowners regained authority over labor, sought profit from agricultural production, and held social advantage.

Which statement concerning the Wade-Davis bill is not true? A. It failed to provide for black suffrage. B. It was pocket-vetoed by President Lincoln. C. It provided that each former Confederate state would be ruled by a military governor. D. It was much stricter than Lincoln's 10 percent plan. E. It provided for almost immediate readmission to the Union.

E. It provided for almost immediate readmission to the Union.

According to the Reconstruction Act of 1867, which of the following conditions was the only one that did not have to be met before former Confederate states could be readmitted to the Union? A. Southern states had to draft new constitutions with the approval by Congress that granted black suffrage. B. Southern states had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. C. The Fourteenth Amendment had to be incorporated into the federal Constitution. D. Southern black voters and whites who were not disqualified by the Fourteenth Amendment had to be allowed to elect delegates to state constitutional conventions. E. Southern states had to devise plans to finance veterans' benefits for former Confederate soldiers.

E. Southern states had to devise plans to finance veterans' benefits for former Confederate soldiers.

The "Black codes" passed by several states were designed to A. allow blacks to only work in agriculture. B. prevent blacks from moving into certain neighborhoods. C. safeguard the newfound rights granted to freedmen by the federal government. D. provide assistance and land to newly freed slaves. E. restrict the freedoms of blacks in multiple ways.

E. restrict the freedoms of blacks in multiple ways.

What was the key difference between the Lincoln and Johnson plans for reconstruction? A. Unlike Lincoln's plan, Johnson's plan barred from political participation any ex-Confederate with taxable property worth $20,000 or more. B. Unlike Lincoln's plan, Johnson's plan excluded freedmen from participating in the new reconstruction governments. C. Unlike Lincoln's plan, Johnson's plan required that southerners take oaths of allegiance to the United States. D. Unlike Lincoln's plan, Johnson's plan was designed to bring the southern states back into the Union as quickly as possible. E. Unlike Lincoln's plan, Johnson's plan prohibited former Confederate military officers from serving in the U.S. military.

A. Unlike Lincoln's plan, Johnson's plan barred from political participation any ex-Confederate with taxable property worth $20,000 or more.

As part of their efforts to "Redeem" the South from Republican-centered Reconstruction, Southern Democrats divided into A. businessmen who envisioned an industrialized "New South" and Bourbons who represented the old planter elite. B. businessmen who envisioned an industrialized "New South" and Segregationists who wanted to keep blacks and whites apart. C. segregationists who wanted to keep blacks and whites apart and Radicals who envisioned a prosperous and egalitarian South. D. freedmen who wanted the land and opportunities promised them during Reconstruction and Bourbons who represented the old planter elite. E. Radicals who envisioned an egalitarian South and Bourbons who represented the old planter elite.

A. businessmen who envisioned an industrialized "New South" and Bourbons who represented the old planter elite.

Under the sharecropping system, poor farmers would A. rent land from large landowners in exchange for half the crop produced on the land. B. work as wage laborers on the farms of large landowners. C. do handiwork on large farms in exchange food. D. receive a share of the crop from a large farm in an early version of a welfare system. E. pool their land and shared in whatever crops they produced.

A. rent land from large landowners in exchange for half the crop produced on the land.

In order to convince southern Democrats to accept the election of Rutherford B. Hayes as president, what did Republican backers of Hayes promise? A. to remove the remaining federal troops from the South. B. to allow Democrats to take over the last of the Republican Reconstruction governments. C. that the federal government help pay off the Confederate war debt. D. to award half of all federal patronage to southern Democrats. E. to provide federal aid for building factories and urban recreation areas throughout the South.

A. to remove the remaining federal troops from the South.

Why did the battle over black suffrage ultimately divide the women's rights movement? A. A large part of the women's rights movement did not believe that a constitutional amendment was necessary in order to gain the vote. B. Half of the movement advocated focusing on the rights of black women, while the other half emphasized that first priority should be on the rights of black men. C. Some advocates of women's rights refused to support black suffrage without similar guarantees of woman suffrage. D. The women's rights movement had always avoided the debate over slavery, and many now feared being drawn into the new debate over black rights. E. The leaders of the women's rights movement were racists who believed that black suffrage was a mistake.

C. Some advocates of women's rights refused to support black suffrage without similar guarantees of woman suffrage.

Which of the following was not one of the reasons why only a small proportion of blacks were able to own farms by the end of Reconstruction? A. Most blacks lacked the capital to buy the land and equipment. B. White southerners did not want to sell their land to blacks. C. Southern industrialists needed laborers to work in their new urban factories. D. Neither Congress nor the states imposed large-scale land reform. E. Southern planters needed a source of cheap labor to work on their plantations.

C. Southern industrialists needed laborers to work in their new urban factories.

Why were women's rights leaders Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton upset about the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution? A. These amendments didn't go far enough in safeguarding the rights of African Americans. B. Several southern states had not ratified them, yet were readmitted to the Union. C. The Fourteenth Amendment gave rights to men only by including the word "male" and the Fifteenth didn't fix this problem. D. The Fourteenth Amendment only granted white men the right to vote - not white women or any freedmen and women. E. These amendments guaranteed suffrage for all freed people, but did not enfranchise women.

C. The Fourteenth Amendment gave rights to men only by including the word "male" and the Fifteenth didn't fix this problem.

Why was the 1876 presidential election one of the most unusual in U.S. history? A. Congress voided the election and ordered a new one because of voting irregularities. B. The election destroyed the Whig Party and paved the way for the Republican Party. C. The victor was decided by a method other than the Electoral College or the House of Representatives. D. General Ulysses S. Grant was elected and became one of the best presidents in history. E. Rutherford Hayes won in large part because his supporters bribed black voters to vote for him.

C. The victor was decided by a method other than the Electoral College or the House of Representatives.

Which of the following was not an accomplishment of the new governments established under congressional Reconstruction? A. They created public school systems. B. They instituted ambitious programs of public works. C. They confiscated land and redistributed it more equitable. D. They expanded state bureaucracies and increased salaries for state employees. E. They increased state debts and taxes.

C. They confiscated land and redistributed it more equitable.

The Slaughterhouse cases of 1873 are significant because the Supreme Court A. ruled that where civil courts were functioning, civilians could not be tried by military courts or commissions. B. argued that Congress had the power to ensure each state a republican form of government. C. chipped away at the Fourteenth Amendment by saying it only protected the basic rights of national citizenship, not rights that fell to citizens by virtue of their state citizenship. D. decided that the Fifteenth Amendment did not confer the right of suffrage upon anyone. E. ruled that congressional Reconstruction governments were unconstitutional because they had been forced upon the south.

C. chipped away at the Fourteenth Amendment by saying it only protected the basic rights of national citizenship, not rights that fell to citizens by virtue of their state citizenship.

In the Civil Rights Cases of 1883, the Supreme Court concluded that A. black codes were constitutional. B. segregation was constitutional. C. states, not individuals, were prohibited from discriminating under the 14th Amendment. D. Abraham Lincoln's proclamation ending slavery was unconstitutional. E. citizenship rights of black Americans could not be denied because of the color of their skin.

C. states, not individuals, were prohibited from discriminating under the 14th Amendment.

Which constitutional amendment was intended to provide for the protection of black voters? A. Twelfth Amendment B. Thirteenth Amendment C. Fourteenth Amendment D. Fifteenth Amendment E. Sixteenth Amendment

D. Fifteenth Amendment