Apush Chapters 16-19

What was the Lecompton Constitution?

A constitution, in Kansas, where people were not able to vote for or against as a whole, but for the constitution either with or without slavery. If they voted no for slavery then the people with existing slaves could keep those slaves they had already. It essentially guaranteed slavery no matter what.

What was the compromise over Oregon? Why?

A treaty set Oregon's and Canada's borders as the 49th parallel. This ended up creating a joint occupation of Oregon (which was agreed upon in 1818).

What was typical of northern attitudes towards free blacks? How were free blacks treated in the South?

Although they were considered "free" with no education they didn't have much choice but to work laborious jobs. Some had to even rent land from their former owners and even work for them for an outrageously low wage. Free blacks in the north were "disliked individually but liked as a whole".

What were the arguments of the South in favor of slavery?

Argued slaves were better "taken care of" and the South was "saving them".

What were the major events of "Bleeding Kansas"?

Attack in Lawrence (by pro-slavery raiders). Lecompton constitution proposed by the Kansas state. This made the Democratic Party divide, protected slavery in KS, and Kansas indicated that popular sovereignty was impractical in territories.

Why did the United States go to war with Mexico?

Between conflict regarding Texas and Mexico not letting the United States buying Mexico.

What did Buchanan decide in regards to the Lecompton Constitution?

Buchanan supported it, and ends up divides the Democratic Party because of it.

List some specific examples of slave uprisings in the South?

Denmark Vessey (Charleston, SC), Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion (South Hampton County, Virginia).

What were the major points of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

Douglas wins the 1858 Illinois senate seat. Douglas argued his Freeport doctrine, saying that popular sovereignty reigns supreme.

How did Polk attempt to acquire California?

First, he tried to buy California from Mexico (which did not succeed).

How did each of the following people contribute to the abolitionist movement: William Lloyd Garrison, Theodore Dwight Weld, Wendell Phillips, David Walker, & Frederick Douglass?

Garrison starter the abolitionist paper, The liberator (saw the Constituion as a pro-slavery document). Theodore Weld created religious motivation towards abolitionism David Walker wrote the pamphlet Appeal to the Colored citizens of the World. Fredrick Douglas being an escaped slave himself, promoted the abolishment of slavery.

What event brought turmoil to the presidency of Zachary Taylor?

Gold discovery in California and the slavery issue in California along with the application for statehood.

Describe the typical life like for slaves in the South? Were African Americans in bondage able to have a family life?

Harder in the more settled areas, African American slave culture developed, Planters didn't beat and punish the slaves as much because they knew they depended on them

How did Douglas propose to address slavery in Kansas and Nebraska?

He advocated the Kansas-Nebraska Act. It proposes "popular sovereignty" for the two territories but it required the repeal of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 (known as the 36, 30 line for slavery).

Why did John Tyler join the Whig party? Why did Whigs include him on their ticket?

He joined the Whig party because of his disliking of Andrew Jackson. The whigs included him on the ballot in an attempt to get votes from state's rights supporters.

How did the lame duck Buchanan act before Lincoln took office?

He simply did nothing. 7 out of the 11 states seceded from the union.

What was the impact of the Mexican War on the slavery issue?

Internal issues arose in Congress over te balance of power based on slavery.

What were the "spot resolutions?" Who introduced them?

Introduced by Abraham Lincoln, the spot resolutions requested Polk to provide the EXACT location, "where blood was spilled upon American soil."

How did the Fugitive Slave Law backfire on the South?

It actually made more northerners in favor of Abolitionism. Southerners felt betrayed since it wasn't being enforced nearly as much as they wanted.

What happened to the Whigs in 1852?

It ended because of slavery.

Explain the GAG RESOLUTION and its purpose.

It essentially postponed anything regarding slavery.

Explain the Dred Scott decision? Impact?

It essentially stated Slaves didn't have the right to sue because they didn't have rights. It also said that congress didn't have the authority to take slaves because they were "people's property". It enraged the North, but the South liked it.

What was the Crittenden Compromise?

It proposed that slavery would be prohibited North of the 30 degree 36 degree line. It permitted the expansion of slavery into new territories south of that line such as AZ, NM, and Cuba.

What did the caning of Sumner exemplify?

It showed that he inflamed passion over slavery in the North and South.

What was Webster's "Seventh of March" speech? Impact?

It urged reasonable concessions to the South by the North. It also brought vicious condemnation of Webster from abolitionists who thought he "Sold out" which created a shift towards the compromise with the North and South.

Explain the Clayton Bulwer Treaty and its importance.

It was a treaty between the U.S and the U.K and prevented a war over the American Plans to construct a Nicaraguan Canal.

What caused the Panic of 1857? Impact?

It was caused by inflation due to the gold rush. It made people lack confidence in the American economy.

What was described in Uncle Tom's Cabin? Impact domestically? Impact abroad?

It was intended to show the cruelty of slavery. Many northerners wouldn't help enforce the fugitive slave law after reading it. British and French citizens read it and their governments knew/understood that "common citizens" wouldn't support them intervening for the south, in support of slavery.

Who were the candidates in 1844? What were the issues?

James Polk and Henry Clay were the main contenders in the election. The two main issues were Texas and Manifest Destiny.

What was the goal of Harper's raid on Harper's Ferry?

John Browns intention was to raid the Federal arsenal with the help of his black and white abolitionists. He ends up forming a slave rebellion as slaves would gather to his location to become armed. Ends up creating a sanctuary for slaves.

Who were the candidates in the election of 1856?

John C Frémont (Repub), James Buchanan (Demo), Millard Fillmore (Know nothing/American Party).

What were Tyler's views and actions on the tariff?

John Tyler did not agree with the qualification of the tariff, which is why he vetoed it. In return, he received more hatred from the Whigs.

What was the impact of Tyler's bank veto?

John Tyler was expelled from the Whig Party along with all, except one, of his cabinet members resigning. Tyler later vetoes a tariff bill presented by the Whigs.

How was slavery impacted by the push for a transcontinental railroad?

Labor was needed for constructing the railroad, and slavery was the cheapest form of labor available.

What type of people went to California?

Lawless men and criminals.

What were the political platforms of the candidates for office in 1860?

Lincoln (Repub) and enter to ban slaves from territories. Stephen Douglas (Demo) supported popular sovereignty in the territories. John Breckinridge (Demo) wanted extension of slavery in the territories. John Bell (Constitutional Union) wanted to preserve the union, by compromise.

What were the results of the election of 1860?

Lincoln was the minority but received the most electoral votes, therefore winning the election of 1860.

Why did the Republicans lose the election in 1856?

Many northerners still voted for the Democratic presidential candidate due to valuable economic business connections that they had w/ the South.

What was the main platform idea of the Know-Nothings?

Nativists of the 1850's that were known for their anti-Catholic and anti-foreign sentiments.

What were the terms of the Compromise of 1850? What was the reaction from the North and the South?

North Gets: California gets admitted as a free state, Slave trade is prohibited in D.C, Texas loses boundary dispute with New Mexico. South Gets: No slavery restrictions in Utah or New Mexico territories, Slave holding permitted in D.C, and the Fugitive Slave Law. The South was in favor of the compromise but the North refused to enforce it.

Why did new immigrants to America tend to NOT move to the southern states?

Northern America had ample job opportunities (low paying jobs, but jobs nonetheless). While the North had a booming factory industry, which needed a workforce, the South already had a workforce (slaves). Slaves were the main workforce in the South, from cleaning the home to making cotton. The South had very little job opportunities unlike the North.

Why did many US settlers head to Oregon?

Oregon had rich soil in/by their River Valleys.

What group owned most of the slaves by the mid-1800s?

Plantation Owners.

What was the platform for Polk's democratic candidacy in 1844?

Polk wanted California to be acquired by the United States.

What were the arguments for and against annexing Texas? Why was it finally admitted?

Pros: Less competition in the U.S Cotton industry. Cons: Annexing Texas would give more rights to the slave supporters in Texas. Result: John Tyler annexed Texas (because he wanted to help his very troubled administration).

Explain the importance of the decade of time bought by the Compromise of 1850.

Put an end to Southern Extremist's threat of succession. Initiated a temporary sense of Nationalism. Created the 2nd Era of Good feelings. NM and UT became more likely to become free states.

Describe some ways that slaves fought the slavery system?

Sabotaged expensive equipment, Worked slowly, Ran away

Who was Harriet Tubman? What did she do?

She was THE conductor of the Underground Railroad (also known as "Black Mosus". She helped runaway slaves escape and get to Canada.

In what ways did the North benefit from the slave system in the South?

Slavery helped the economy in the North becuase England relied on trading with merchants in the North for all clothes.

Why did the Free Soilers condemn slavery?

Slavery=competition for white workers and competition for pay.

Briefly compare the economies of the North & the South.

South: Farmland, more rural. Relied mostly on Cotton and also farming. Slavery played a big role in not only agriculture, but also in the production of cotton. Big plantations were owned by wealthy white males, who were expanding and buying more land. Poor/small farmers were being essentially pushed out. North: Much more diverse economy. Factories were the big money makers (textiles, sewing machines, gun factories, etc.). Railroads were revolutionizing travel and the economy, creating jobs and allowing people to transport goods and themselves faster and more efficiently.

What were the weaknesses of the slave plantation system?

Southern soil got ruined, making it useless. Poor farmers had to sell their land and inevitably move North because Large plantations became bigger and bigger (which required more and more land).

What were the beliefs of the Free Soil Party?

Support for the Wimot Proviso, Slavery opposition in the territories, free goernment homesteads for setlers, and federral aid for internal improvements.

What were the major events during the debates of 1850?

Taylor died from a beating, The Fugitive Slave law Act, and the North became upset.

What group were the most pro-Union of the white southerners?

The "Mountain Whites".

What was the area in dispute in Oregon and who was the dispute with?

The U.S and Britain were disputing over the Columbia River, Pacific Ocean, and the 49th Parallel.

What did the US base its claims for Oregon on?

The U.S had numerous missionaries for Indians in the area.

What was the Ostend Manifesto?

The U.S offered Spain $120 Million dollars for Cuba (Spain declined). U.S justified that they would take Cuba by force, if necessary.

What was the result of the Mexican-American War? Terms of the Treaty of Guadelupe-Hildalgo?

The War was won by the United States and the U.S ended up getting more than HALF of Mexico's land (including New Mexico and California) . The Treaty of Guadelupe-Hildalgo called for the U.S to pay a monetary sum to Mexico.

List the three political parties that enjoyed the support of the Abolitionists?

The Whigs, Federalist, and the Liberty party.

What was the Wilmot Proviso? Impact?

The Wilmot Proviso called for the emancipation of all slaves from the new territory gained from Mexico. This was the, "driving force" behind the Free-Soil party.

What was the belief that God had ordained that America control the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific?

The belief is referred to as "Manifest Destiny".

Describe the impact on slavery as a result of the Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin

The cotton gin caused an uproar of the need for labor of the cotton gin. People needed to operate the cotton gins, and because of this slavery became bigger and bigger in the South.

What does the term "popular sovereignty" mean?

The decision of whether a state will be either a slavery or free-soil state will be determined by vote.

What was one of the most upsetting aspects of the slave trade and the theme of Uncle Tom's Cabin?

The enforced separation of slave families.

What were the causes and results of the American and British fighting in Maine in the late 1830s?

The fighting in Maine, referred to as the Aroostook War, was caused because of border conflict between Maine and a small British colony.

Explain the consequences for the South because its economy was based on the slavery system?

Their economy was not diverse. They were dependent on cotton and agriculture which inevitably led to their downfall. When the soil became non-fertile, they had nothing to fall back on.

What was the impact of plantation agriculture on the land?

There became concentrated slave areas. Plantations were very distant from each other, basically causing families to be torn apart and had no ability to ever reunite.

What did national parties often do to maintain national unity in regards to the slavery issue?

They just avoided talking about the issue of slavery all together.

Explain why slave-less whites supported the slavery system?

They liked having superiority/power over others.

What was the South's reaction to Harper's Ferry?

They questioned whether they should be part of the union (probably because Harper's Ferry was basically treason).

Who were the "young guard?" What were their views?

They viewed slavery should be excluded from the territiories because Christian legislators must obey God's moral law (known as a "higher law") rather than the U.S Constitution.

What Caribbean island did many Southerners want to acquire? Why?

They wanted to acquire Cuba because of it's great sugar economy, good area for slaves, and it was close to Florida.

What was the name of the region with the highest concentration of slaves in the South? List the states that were part of this region.

They were in the "Deep South" (Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina).

Why did the Southern states secede from the Union?

They were not liking the political balance that was tipping against them. They also didn't like Republican tyrants and felt that their rights as a citizen were taken away from them.

What group made up a majority of the population of white southerners?

They were small subsistence farmers, who happened to be non-slave owners.

What was the key issue in the election of 1848?

This is the last election that the slavery question was once again "swept under the rug," and the campaign devolved into personal attacks.

What were the arguments of the North against slavery?

Thought slavery was evil and inhumane.

What was Calhoun's plan to protect the South?

To have both a Northern and Southern president.

What was bleeding Kansas? Why did this occur?

Took place in mid 1850's, Lecompton Constitution was identified with pro slavery. For example, In 1856 there was an attack in Lawrence by pro slavery raiders.

What happened in Nicaragua in the 1850s?

William Walker took over Nicaragua to be a slave territory (he was later executed).

Describe the role that women played on the plantation.

Women sewed, cooked, cleaned, quilted, watched the children, and served as "midwives". Most enslaved women also/or worked in the fields.

What were the characteristics of the southern aristocracy?

Cotton=King, The South relied on the need for cotton in the world, Slavery was an "necessity".