APUSH College Board - Unit 2 Progress Check: MCQ

"In Carolina, the instances of Negroes murdering . . . their own masters or overseers are not rare . . . . [Runaways] escape by water, past Frederica [in Georgia] to St. Augustine [in Florida], where they receive freedom, be it war or peace [with Spain]. Many just run into the woods, get along miserably, [or] are secretly looked after by other Negroes. . . . "Those Negroes who have served the [colony of Georgia] well are bought and freed by the government, receive their own land, and enjoy the English rights. If a private party wants to release a Negro he must have the consent of the governor or get him out of the colony. For the free Negroes abuse their freedom, and it is feared they seduce others [to freedom]. . . . ". . . Mixings or marriages [between Black and White colonists] are not allowed by the laws; but . . . I have learned of 2 white women, one French and one German, who have secretly been with Negroes and have borne black children. . . . And all too common [are] white men . . . [who with Negro women] father half-black children. [The children] are perpetual slaves just like their mothers." Johann Martin Bolzius, German minister, report to a correspondent in Europe on life in Georgia and the Carolinas, 1751 The reaction to the situation described in the third paragraph represented a continuity with which of the following earlier colonial developments? ________________________________ 1) Which of the following represented a change in the labor force of the southern British colonies by the 1700s as depicted in the excerpt? A. Slavery became more widespread than indentured servitude. B. The rise of manufacturing led to an increased need for skilled artisans and craftsmen. C. The encomienda was adopted from the Spanish to provide Native American workers. D. People newly freed from slavery frequently worked on plantations. ________________________________ 2) The experience of enslaved people in the southern British colonies as described in the excerpt was similar to the experience of enslaved people in the northern British colonies because A. many enslaved people in both regions had rights that were recognized under colonial law B. many enslaved people in both regions developed strategies to resist slavery C. most enslaved people in both regions performed skilled labor in port cities D. most enslaved people in both regions had opportunities to earn their freedom ________________________________ 3)The reaction to the situation described in the third paragraph represented a continuity with which of the following earlier colonial developments? A. A strict racial system was established that separated enslaved people from European colonists. B. Some enslaved Native Americans were incorporated into colonial society. C. Some colonists used Enlightenment principles to argue for racial equality between Europeans and Africans. D. The institution of slavery was transferred to colonial America unaltered from West Africa.

1) A - By 1700, the southern colonies in British North America had largely shifted from using European indentured servants to using enslaved Africans to provide labor for plantation agriculture. 2) B - The experience of many enslaved people in both the northern and southern British colonies was similar because they developed strategies to resist slavery, which included work slow downs, running away, and violent revolts. 3) A - The reaction against ethnic mixing in the third paragraph of the excerpt represented a continuity with the racial system that developed in British America in the later seventeenth century that enforced the separation of Europeans and enslaved Africans.

"In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as [a traveling] preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all [members of different religious groups] that attended his sermons were enormous, and it was a matter of speculation to me . . . to observe the extraordinary influence of his oratory on his hearers, and how much they admired and respected him. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk through the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street. "And it being found inconvenient to assemble in the open air, subject to its [harsh conditions], the building of a house to meet in was no sooner proposed . . . and the work [of erecting the building] was carried on with such spirit as to be finished in a much shorter time than could have been expected. Both house and ground were vested in trustees, expressly for the use of any preacher of any religious persuasion who might desire to say something to the people at Philadelphia." Benjamin Franklin, from his autobiography, describing events in 1739 ________________________________ 1) Which of the following developments most directly contributed to the events described in the excerpt? A. Protestant evangelism came to the colonies from Great Britain and Europe. B. The beliefs of Puritan leaders had an increased impact on colonial religious practices. C. Colonists became less interested in religion as they became more involved with trans-Atlantic trade. D. Local clergy members in the colonies routinely welcomed the preaching of diverse religious doctrines. ________________________________ 2) The events of the First Great Awakening illustrated by the excerpt led to A. established clergy strengthening their control over the religious and social life of colonial society B. new denominations attracting followers who were drawn to the dynamic sermons of the new preachers C. religious enthusiasm declining in cities where it had to complete more directly with Enlightenment ideas D. few changes in most people's lives beyond increased church attendance and very little change in how they interacted with others ________________________________ 3) Which of the following most directly contributed to the decision in Philadelphia referenced in the excerpt to build a specific meeting house for the new preachers? A. Leaders in cities such as Philadelphia wanted to do all they could to limit the spread of new Protestant denominations in the colony. B. Local authorities worried about radical ideas and believed that a central meeting house would make it easier to censor the sermons of the new preachers. C. Religious pluralism was more accepted in the middle colonies and particularly in the colony of Pennsylvania than elsewhere. D. Commerce was more important than religion to most colonists, so building a small meeting house would keep the new preachers isolated.

1) A - Reverend Whitefield came to the British North American colonies from England as a part of the exchange of religious and philosophical ideas that had begun to be shared across the Atlantic, sparking the First Great Awakening. 2) B - The First Great Awakening led to the growth of a number of Protestant denominations such as Methodists and Baptists in the colonies as people flocked to hear the dynamic sermons of the new preachers. 3) C - People settling in the middle colonies generally exhibited more toleration for ethnic and religious diversity than did those in either the New England or southern colonies and therefore were more willing to provide support for different religious practices, as shown in the excerpt.

"The next matter I shall recommend to you is the providing more effectively for the security of your frontiers against [American] Indians, who notwithstanding the many parties of Rangers [militia, or local men who volunteered for colonial defense] have . . . killed and carried off at least twenty of our outward inhabitants and Indian allies; I have attempted by several ways to oppose those [invasions] but after some trouble and expense have only experienced that our people are not ready for warlike undertakings. . . . The [condition of our Indian allies has] of late approved themselves to be ready and faithfully allied, and I am persuaded that setting them along our frontiers without all our inhabitants . . . would be a better and cheaper safeguard to the country than the old method of Rangers." Virginia Governor Alexander Spotswood, addressing the members of the House of Burgesses, 1713 ________________________________ 1) Which of the following best describes a purpose of the excerpt? A. The Virginia governor is seeking support from the colonial legislature for his plan to address conflict between settlers and American Indians in frontier areas. B. The Virginia governor is warning American Indians that he will authorize military action if they continue assaults on settlers. C. The Virginia governor is seeking pardon from the House of Burgesses for his inability to protect them from violent conflict with American Indians. D. The Virginia governor is soliciting the support of allied American Indians for his plan to provide security in the West. ________________________________ 2) The point of view expressed by the Virginia governor in the excerpt is that he A. opposes the expansion of colonial settlements into western lands where White settlers could encounter violent opposition from America Indians B. believes that White Virginians must learn to protect themselves if they are to expand their settlements C. values the lives of White Virginians equally with those of allied American Indians D. feels a responsibility to protect White frontier settlers from violent encounters with American Indians ________________________________ 3) Which of the following groups would most likely oppose the ideas expressed in the excerpt? A. White settlers on the western Virginia frontier B. White settlers in coastal Virginia C. Members of allied American Indian groups D. Members of the House of Burgesses

1) A - The governor is describing a plan to address conflict between settlers and American Indians in frontier areas to the members of the House of Burgesses because he wants their support to carry it out. 2) D - Spotswood's narrative and proposal focus on better protecting White settlers from violent clashes in frontier areas. 3) C - Spotswood is suggesting putting allied American Indians on the front line of frontier conflict, so they would likely oppose his plan.

(Look at Chart) 1) The trend from 1660 to 1710 depicted in the table most strongly indicates which of the following? A. The rise of the trans-Atlantic trade of enslaved Africans B. The increase in the practice of indentured servitude C. The escalation of conflict between the British and Native Americans D. The continued Anglicization in the British colonies ________________________________ 2) The change in White and Black populations in the various regions shown in the table most strongly suggests the influence of which of the following? A. The eventual decline of slave labor in the Chesapeake and Carolinas B. The colonists' growing resistance to British imperial control in New England C. The spread of epidemic diseases across North America D. The demand in Europe for commodities such as tobacco and sugar ________________________________ 3) The White and Black populations in New England shown in the table most directly suggest the A. movement of indentured servants from the South to New England B. expansion of plantation agriculture to New England C. minimal use of enslaved labor in New England compared to other regions D. spread of trans-Atlantic print culture among Puritans in New England

1) A - The table depicts a steady rise in the Black population, especially in the West Indies, due to the development of an Atlantic economy that increasingly relied on the labor of enslaved Africans. 2) D - The expansion of populations in colonies in the South and West Indies, especially the extreme increase in the population of enslaved Africans, was a result of the widespread expansion of the production of crops for European consumption. 3) C - The table shows that the White population in New England surpassed the Black population by a large margin. This was because the use of enslaved labor in the region remained limited and would eventually cease following the American Revolution.

"The New England settlers more closely resembled the non-migrating English population than they did other English colonists in the New World. . . . While the composition of the emigrant populations in the Chesapeake and the Caribbean hindered the successful transfer of familiar patterns of social relationships, the character of the New England colonial population ensured it. The prospect of colonizing distant lands stirred the imaginations of young people all over England but most of these young adults made their way to the tobacco and sugar plantations of the South. Nearly half of a sample of Virginia residents in 1625 were between the ages of twenty and twenty-nine, and groups of emigrants to the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century consistently included a majority of people in their twenties. In contrast, only a quarter of the New England settlers belonged to this age group. "Similarly, the sex ratio of the New England emigrant group resembled that of England's population. If women were . . . scarce in the Chesapeake . . . they were comparatively abundant in the northern colonies. In the second decade of Virginia's settlement, there were four or five men for each woman; by the end of the century, there were still about three men for every two women. Among the emigrants [in New England], however, nearly half were women and girls. Such a high proportion of females in the population assured the young men of New England greater success than their southern counterparts in finding spouses." Virginia DeJohn Anderson, historian, "Migrants and Motives: Religion and the Settlement of New England, 1630-1640," published in 1985 ________________________________ 1) The first paragraph of the excerpt makes which of the following claims? A. Emigrants to the Chesapeake came as family groups more often than emigrants to New England did. B. The settlers of New England varied in age more than emigrants to the Chesapeake did. C. The settlers of both New England and the Chesapeake were disproportionately young adults. D. More young adults migrated to New England than to the Chesapeake colonies. ________________________________ 2) The second paragraph of the excerpt makes which of the following claims about the populations of men and women in the colonies? A. New England settlers included more young men than Chesapeake settlers did. B. Emigrants to New England were predominantly unmarried women. C. The populations of men and women in New England were roughly equal from the time of its founding. D. The population of the Chesapeake achieved a balanced sex ratio more quickly than New England did. ________________________________ 3) Which of the following best describes an overall argument of the excerpt? A. The makeup of emigrant populations led to greater reconstruction of English family life in New England than it did in the Chesapeake. B. British colonial settlers were disproportionately young and male compared to the overall population of England. C. Tobacco and sugar plantations in the southern colonies attracted the most settlers in British North America. D. By the end of the seventeenth century, the population makeup of the British colonies resembled the population makeup of England.

1) B - The excerpt explains that young adults predominated in groups of emigrants to the Chesapeake, whereas only a quarter of migrants to New England were in their twenties, making for a settlement population in New England that varied in age. 2) C - The excerpt claims that the sex ratio of New England's emigrant population resembled England's and nearly half of the settlers in New England were female, unlike the Chesapeake where men outnumbered women throughout the seventeenth century. 3) A - The excerpt argues that the age and sex structure of the New England emigrant population ensured the "successful transfer of familiar patterns of social relationships," unlike the age and sex structure of the Chesapeake settler population.

Which of the following was the most important reason that Native American relations with English settlers differed from Native American relations with other groups of European settlers in the 1600s? A. Larger numbers of English colonists settled on land taken from Native Americans. B. English settlers were technologically more advanced than other European settlers. C. Native Americans understood the English language better than other European languages. D. English colonization along the Eastern Seaboard provided fewer opportunities for conflict between the two sides than did colonization in the interior.

A - The larger number of English settlers than of settlers from other nations created more instances of tension with Native Americans, whose land was rapidly being populated by the English.

The efforts of Spanish colonists to convert Native Americans to Christianity were most directly influenced by which of the following simultaneous developments? A. The effect of the Columbian Exchange on the population of Europe B. The extraction of gold and other wealth from the land in the Americas C. The arrival of English colonists seeking religious freedom in the Americas D. The success of the French and the Dutch in their interactions with Native Americans

B - As the Spanish sought to extract more gold and wealth from the land, they developed new institutions that converted many Native Americans to Christianity in order to subjugate the population and assimilate them into Spanish colonial society.

English colonists in North America in the 1600s and 1700s most typically sought which of the following? A. Chances to spread Christianity to Native Americans B. Jobs working in factories C. Political independence from England D. Opportunities to improve their living conditions

D - English colonists came to North America for many reasons, but most common among these was to find economic opportunities and social mobility.