APUSH Final

The Proclamation Line of 1763 was designed to

limit western expansion of colonial settlement

The Thirteenth Amendment established

the legal end of slavery in the Unites States

"What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington." John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s?

Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies

Which of the following most directly contributed to the creation of the Cumberland Road as depicted on the map?

new federal funding that supported the development of infrastructure projects

The dissatisfaction of Virginia farmers with the colonial governor who failed to protect them against American Indian raids led to

Bacon's Rebellion

"You have told us that we do not know the One who gives us life and being, who is Lord of the heavens and of the earth. You also say that those we worship are not gods. This way of speaking is entirely new to us, and very scandalous. We are frightened by this way of speaking because our forebears who engendered and governed us never said anything like this... "It would be a fickle, foolish thing for us to destroy the most ancient laws and customs left by the first inhabitants of this land... All of us together feel that it is enough to have lost, enough that the power and royal jurisdiction have been taken from us. As for our gods, we will die before giving up serving and worshiping them. This is our determination; do what you will." Lords and holy men of Tenochtitlan [the Aztec capital], reply to the Franciscans in 1524 after the conquest of Mexico, from a Spanish account written in 1564 Which of the following most immediately resulted from the Columbian exchange?

Decline of Native American populations due to disease

Which of the following contributed most to the victory in the Revolution?

French military and financial assistance

"And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the Unites States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages." -Emancipation Proclamation excerpt, Abraham Lincoln, 1863 In what way, if any, was the Emancipation Proclamation so significant?

It added the abolition of slavery to Northern war goals during the Civil War.

Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon about the Monroe Doctrine?

It declared that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to European intervention.

"We must onward to the fulfilment of our mission -- to the entire development of the principle of our organization -- freedom of conscience, freedom of person, freedom of trade and business pursuits, universality of freedom and equality. This is our high destiny, and in nature's eternal, inevitable decree of cause and effect we must accomplish it. All this will be our future history, to establish on earth the moral dignity and salvation of man -- the immutable truth and beneficence of God..... Who, then, can doubt that out country is destined to be the great nation of futurity?" -John O'Sullivan, 1845 What consequence did Manifest Destiny have in the mid-19th century?

It led to conflict with Mexico

"So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution; for conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty." "If, then, the courts are to regard the constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the legislature, the constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply." -John Marshall, Opinion of the Court in Marbury v. Madison, 1803 Which of the following statements best summarizes Marshall's argument about the Supreme Court?

It should judge whether a law is constitutional

"We must onward to the fulfilment of our mission -- to the entire development of the principle of our organization -- freedom of conscience, freedom of person, freedom of trade and business pursuits, universality of freedom and equality. This is our high destiny, and in nature's eternal, inevitable decree of cause and effect we must accomplish it. All this will be our future history, to establish on earth the moral dignity and salvation of man -- the immutable truth and beneficence of God..... Who, then, can doubt that out country is destined to be the great nation of futurity?" -John O'Sullivan, 1845 What impact did Manifest Destiny have on the debate about slavery?

Manifest Destiny reignited concern about the status of slavery in western territories.

Which of the following happened as a result of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?

Tensions between backcountry farmers and the elite planters were exposed.

"The War has renewed and reinstated the national feelings which the Revolution had given and which were daily lessened. The people have not more general objects of attachment with which their pride and political opinions are connected. They are more American; they feel and act more like a nation; and I hope that the permanency of the Union is thereby better secured." Which of the following most directly undermines the author's assertions?

The Louisiana Purchase

"So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution; for conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty." "If, then, the courts are to regard the constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the legislature, the constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply." -John Marshall, Opinion of the Court in Marbury v. Madison, 1803 Which of the following was the most immediate result of the ruling excerpted?

The Supreme Court demonstrated its powers as the third branch of government after establishing its power of judicial review.

"A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges possessed by the existing bank are unauthorized by the Constitution, subversive of the rights of the States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people, I felt it in my duty at an early period of my Administration to call the attention of Congress to the practicability of organizing an institution combining all its advantages and obviating [removing] these objections. I sincerely regret that in the act before me I can perceive none of those modifications of the bank charter which are necessary, in my opinion, to make it compatible with justice, with sound policy, or with the Constitution of our country.... "Experience should teach us wisdom. Most of the difficulties our Government now encounters and most of the dangers which impend over our Union have sprung from an abandonment of the legitimate objects of Government by our national legislation.... Many of our rich men have not been content with equal protection and equal benefits, but have besought us to make them richer by act of Congress. By attempting to gratify their desires we have in the results of our legislation arrayed section against section, interest against interest, and man against man, in a fearful commotion which threatens to shake at the foundations of our Union." -President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 Which of the following factors best supports the argument in the excerpt?

The debates over the federal government's proper role had intensified during the early nineteenth century.

"The Anti-Federalist charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon the under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." Cecelia M Kenyon, historian, "Men of Little Faith: The Anti-Federalists on the Nature of Representative Government," 1955 The Anti-Federalists' view of government power during the 1780s, as described in the excerpt, is best reflected by which of the following?

The existence of many state constitutions that limited executive authority

"I will allow that bodily strength seems to give man a natural superiority over woman; and this is the only solid basis on which the superiority of the sex can be built. But I still insist that not only virtue but the knowledge of the two sexes should be the same in nature, if not in degree, and that women, considered not only as moral but rational creatures, ought to endeavor to acquire human virtues (or perfections) by the same means as men, instead of being educated like a fanciful kind of half being-- one of Rousseau's wild chimeras." Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 1792 Wollstonecrafts' remarks in the excerpt most directly reflect which of the following developments during the late-eighteenth-century?

The growth of the theory of republican Motherhood

"I... longed to see and hear him, and wished he would come this way. And I soon heard he was to come to New York and New Jersey and great multitudes began flocking after him under great concern for their souls which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him... "Then one morning all of a sudden, about 8 or 9 o'clock there came a messenger and said Mr. Whitefield... is to preach at Middletown this morning.... I was in my field at work. I dropped my tool that I had in my hand and ran home and... bade my wife to get ready quick to go and hear Mr. Whitefield preach at Middletown, and ran to my pasture for my horse with all my might, fearing that I should be too late to hear him. "...When we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4,000... people assembled together.... "When I saw Mr. Whitefield... he looked almost angelical.... and my hearing how God was with hum everywhere as he came along it solemnized my mind, and put me into a trembling fear for he began to preach... and my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me...." --Nathan Cole, farmer describing going to hear Reverend George Whitefield preach in Middletown, Connecticut, 1740 The events described in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments?

The spread of the First Great Awakening from Britain to North America

"A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges possessed by the existing bank are unauthorized by the Constitution, subversive of the rights of the States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people, I felt it in my duty at an early period of my Administration to call the attention of Congress to the practicability of organizing an institution combining all its advantages and obviating [removing] these objections. I sincerely regret that in the act before me I can perceive none of those modifications of the bank charter which are necessary, in my opinion, to make it compatible with justice, with sound policy, or with the Constitution of our country.... "Experience should teach us wisdom. Most of the difficulties our Government now encounters and most of the dangers which impend over our Union have sprung from an abandonment of the legitimate objects of Government by our national legislation.... Many of our rich men have not been content with equal protection and equal benefits, but have besought us to make them richer by act of Congress. By attempting to gratify their desires we have in the results of our legislation arrayed section against section, interest against interest, and man against man, in a fearful commotion which threatens to shake at the foundations of our Union." -President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 Which of the following of Jackson's policies undermined his position as described in the excerpt?

Using federal power to forcibly relocate American Indian groups

"When the churches are thus awakened and reformed, the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow, going through the same stages for conviction, repentance, and reformation. Their hearts will be broken down and changed. Very often the most abandoned profligates are among the subjects. Harlots, and drunkards, and infidels, and all sorts of abandoned characters are awakened and converted." -Charles G. Finney, "What A Revival of Religion Is," New York Evangelist, 1834 Which of the following best describes one similarity shared between the First Great Awakening and the Second Great Awakening?

a push for individual responsibility

"The Anti-Federalist charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon the under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." Cecelia M Kenyon, historian, "Men of Little Faith: The Anti-Federalists on the Nature of Representative Government," 1955 During the constitutional ratification process, Anti-Federalists' concerns, as described in the excerpt, were most directly addressed by an agreement to

adopt the Bill of Rights

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was important because it

guaranteed equal protection under the law for every U.S. American Citizen.

The major purpose of England's mercantilist policy was to

increase England's prosperity

The overall trend from 1800 to 1840 depicted on the graph resulted from which of the following?

new agricultural inventions like the Cotton Gin

"The Americas were discovered in 1492, and the first Christian settlements established by the Spanish the following year... It would seem... that the Almighty selected this part of the world as home to the greater part of the human race.... Their delicate constitutions make them unable to withstand hard work or suffering and render them liable to succumb to almost any illness, no matter how mild.... It was upon these gentle lambs... that, from the very first day they clapped eyes on them, the Spanish fell like ravening wolves upon the fold, or like tigers and savage lions who have not eaten meat for days..... The native population, which once numbered some five hundred thousand, was wiped out by forcible expatriation to the island of Hispaniola." In their colonization of the Americas, the Spanish used the encomienda system to

organize and regulate Native American labor

The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the

rate at which one enslaved person counted toward congressional representation

"The Anti-Federalist charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon the under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." Cecelia M Kenyon, historian, "Men of Little Faith: The Anti-Federalists on the Nature of Representative Government," 1955 By the 1790s the ideas of the Anti-Federalists contributed most directly to the

resistance of western farmers to federal oversight

The actions in the image depict which of the following trends in 1790s?

resistance to the increased strength of the federal government

The Compromise of 1877 did which of the following?

restored the Southern states to the Union

"When the churches are thus awakened and reformed, the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow, going through the same stages for conviction, repentance, and reformation. Their hearts will be broken down and changed. Very often the most abandoned profligates are among the subjects. Harlots, and drunkards, and infidels, and all sorts of abandoned characters are awakened and converted." -Charles G. Finney, "What A Revival of Religion Is," New York Evangelist, 1834 The ideas expressed in the excerpt are most closely aligned with which of the following broader historical developments?

the Second Great Awakening

"There is a violent spirit of opposition... against the execution of the Stamp Act, the mob in Boston have carried it very high against Mr. Oliver the Secry (a Town born child) for his acceptance of an office in consequence of the act. They even proceeded to some violence, and burnt him in Effigy &c. They threatened to pull down & burn the Stamp Office now building, and they will hold every man as Infamous that shall presume to carry the Stamp Act into Execution; so that it is thought Mr. Oliver will resign." Archibald Hinshelwood in a letter to Joshua Mauger describing colonial reactions to Andrew Oliver, a royal stamp tax collector, 1765 Which of the following explains why Britain instituted new taxes like the Stamp Act?

to pay off British debt after the seven Years' War

After the Revolution, the concept of the "republican mother" suggested that

women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic