APUSH Labor Unions and Tariffs

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Commonwealth v. Hunt

1842 case that said labor unions are legal as long as they are peaceful

Hawmarket Square Riot

1886 riot that saw Knights of Labor members be accused of throwing a bomb into a crowd, led to decline of Knights of Labor

Wagner Act

1934 legislation that said labor unions can collectively bargain with management

Fair Labor Standards Bill

1938 legislation that set a minimum wage, maximum hour standards, and did not allow workers under 16 years old

WTO (World Trade Organization)

A 148-nation organization that facilitates and monitors trade

Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909)

Attempt at lowering McKinley Tariff, but failed, angered Progressives

Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930)

Crazy high protective tariff, highest ever, foreign retaliation hurts the economy

Tariff of Abominations

Established under JQA, designed to protect Northern Textile Industry, the South is furious

Triangle Shirtwaist

Fire in 1911 that killed 150 girls because the doors were locked

Tariff of 1789

First tariff, made by Hamilton, a revenue tariff to help pay for central government

Knights of Labor

Formed in 1869 by Terrence Powdery, open to EVERYONE, but failed because it was divided between skilled and unskilled workers. Declined after Haymarket Square Riot.

Kennedy Round (1963-1967)

GATT talks aimed at tariff reduction in EU and America

Trade Expansion Act (1962)

Gives president authority to negotiate tariffs, primarily aimed at soon-to-be EU

Emergency Tariff (1921)

Helped dig the US out of a mini-recession after WWI, only temporary

McKinley Tariff (1890)

Highest Tariff so far, 48%! Boosted to higher levels on some products with Wilson-Gorman and Dingley tariffs,

Tariff of 1842

Hike in tariff % under Tyler in order to alleviate panic of 1837 failures

Civil War Tariffs

Increased protective tariffs to help Union industry (since South was not represented in Congress, they didn't oppose)

Tariff of 1833

Jackson agrees to lower Tariff levels down to levels in 1816 over time, South is happy, North is not

Hull Trade Pacts (1934)

Lowered international tensions during Great Depression by both nations lowering tariffs to stimulate trade

Tariff of 1824

Makes tariffs even higher after Tariff of 1816, South is starting to get upset

Tariff of 1832

Moderate decline in Tariff of Abominations, but South is still pissed, leads to nullification by John C Calhoun

National Labor Union

More so a federation, it was the first major labor union. Although never gaining much ground due to the Panic of 1873, it did create an 8 hour workday for federal employees

Tariff of 1816

Protective tariff established by Henry Clay and John C Calhoun as part of the American System

Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922)

Raises Tariffs from 27%-35%, creates Tariff Commission to advise President

CIO (Committee for Industrial Organization)

Started by John Lewis, a segment of the AFL splits into this organization in, wins many cases against General Motors and US Steel Co

AFL

Started by Samuel Gompers in 1886, it was a federation of many unions that only had skilled laborers, labeled the "Labor Trust"

AFL-CIO

The 1955 merger between the AFL and CIO

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (1948)

UN organization that created an attempt at lowering tariffs amongst nations

NAFTA

USA, Canada, and Mexico make almost 0% tariff

Tariff of 1857

Under Buchanan, tariffs are lowered almost to a free-trade level

Tariff of 1872

Under Grant, reduced rate on some manufactured goods to try and reform from Civil War

Tariff of 1875

Under Grant. Continued downward revision, almost to 10%!

Walker Tariff

Under Polk, a Democratic-controlled Congress lowers tariffs so that the West can sell grain easier

Underwood Tariff (1913)

Under Wilson, one measure taken in his attack on the Triple Wall of Privilege, lowered Tariffs


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