APUSH - Learning Curve Chapter 5
In 1775, what did William Pitt propose that American colonists should do in exchange for Parliament renouncing its power to tax the colonies and its recognition of the Continental Congress as a lawful body?
Acknowledge parliamentary supremacy and provide revenue
What happened after British soldiers fired into a crowd in Boston on March 5, 1770, killing five townspeople?
Boston's Radical Whigs used the incident to rally against imperial authorities.
Why did the British abandon Fort Pitt in October 1772?
Budget cuts forced the move.
How had Boston merchant John Hancock made his fortune?
By smuggling French molasses
To help pay the enlarged British national debt in the 1760s, Parliament passed an increase in sales taxes also known as what?
Excise levies
What statement by Benjamin Franklin outraged the American-born royal governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, in 1770?
Franklin suggested that the colonies were "distinct and separate states."
Why was Patrick Henry's attack against the Stamp Act so radical?
He directly attacked George III for supporting the legislation.
Why did the British secretary of state for American affairs Lord Hillsborough favor a permanent Proclamation Line to the west of the colonies?
He feared the end of the British laboring class.
How did Prime Minister George Grenville first try to address the revenue problem with the American colonies?
He proposed the Currency Act.
Which statement describes King George III during the colonial period?
He proved an ineffective leader.
How did chancellor of the exchequer Charles Townshend seek to undermine American political institutions in his Revenue Act of 1767?
He sought to block American influence by using parliamentary taxes to finance imperial administration in the colonies.
In November 1773, a group of African American slaves in Virginia planned to use what strategy to try to win their freedom?
Helping British troops expected to arrive in Virginia
Colonial opponents of the Stamp Act drew on which of the following political traditions from the Radical Whig influence in English politics?
Insistence on constitutional limitations of royal power
To display their deep contempt for the Coercive Acts, what did Patriots call them?
Intolerable Acts
How did the Massachusetts assembly defy Parliament in 1775?
It met in Salem, where it continued to exercise the responsibilities of government.
Why did southern slave owners join the cause of the largely urban-led Patriot movement?
Many were deeply in debt to British merchants and, as masters of their domains, resented this financial dependence.
Why did Lord North ask for a repeal of the Townshend duties in 1770?
North argued that it was foolish to tax British exports to America.
This British cartoon depicts a group of North Carolinians pledging their colonial resistance to British measures. What message does the artist seem to be trying to convey?
That colonial women were forgetting their place in society
Why did the mainland colonies achieve a trade surplus with Britain in 1769?
The colonies' nonimportation agreement was taking its toll.
How did British politicians respond to Benjamin Franklin's argument that Americans deserved representation in Parliament before they could be taxed?
The colonists had virtual representation in Parliament.
What statement assesses the situation of the British national debt in 1763?
The issue was crucial because interest on the debt consumed much of the nation's budget.
According to the royal governor of Massachusetts Francis Bernard, what applied to British subjects in Britain but not to American colonists?
The right to direct representation in Parliament
Why did the Radical Whigs criticize the increased size of the British government created to enforce new tax laws in the 1760s?
They claimed that a large, expensive government placed the nation at the mercy of banks and financiers.
Why did Patriots in Concord form the Minutemen in 1774?
They feared that British troops would move to seize Patriot armories.
Why did a good number of men of the upper classes fear the Patriot movement?
They feared that resistance to Britain was the beginning of broader anarchy.
Why did the Virginia gentry support the demands of yeomen farmers to close the law courts in 1774?
They feared that they too might end up in court for their indebtedness.
Why did New England merchants oppose the Sugar Act of 1764?
They feared that tighter customs enforcement would wipe out their smuggling of French molasses.
Why were veteran officers of the Seven Years' War interested in westward expansion?
They had been paid in land warrants and hoped to benefit from those grants.
Why did the Quebec Act anger land speculators in Virginia?
They had long planned to expand into the Ohio River Valley.
Why were so many members of the Virginia gentry deeply in debt on the eve of the American Revolution?
They had spent lavishly on an extravagant lifestyle.
Why did the political allies of New England merchants object to the Sugar Acts?
They objected to the Sugar Act on constitutional grounds.
Why were many American colonists skeptical of the Patriot movement?
They suspected that Patriot leaders only sought to advance their own selfish interests.
Which statement explains the fact that more than three-fourths of the voters of Long Island did not want to send a delegate to New York's Provincial Congress in 1775?
They wanted to preserve their families' property and independence.
Why did the Stamp Act Congress meet?
To petition the king for repeal of the Stamp Act
The major transformation of the British Empire following the Seven Years' War can best be characterized as a(n)
centralization of the empire in the hands of imperial officials.
Evangelical Protestants stirred by the religious passions of the Great Awakening joined mobs opposing the Stamp Act because they
resented the arrogance of British military officers and the corruption of royal bureaucrats.