APUSH Period 4

Jefferson's administration demonstrated its disagreement with Hamilton's philosophy by a. ending the excise tax b. reducing the protective tariff c. abolishing the national bank d. implementing the Embargo Act

ending the excise tax

Why did Thomas Jefferson dispatch the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804? a. Jefferson hoped to establish an effective American claim to the Louisiana Territory b. The president need to lay the groundwork for establishing Indian schools in the region c. He wanted a report on the physical features and the plant and animal life of the Louisiana territory d. He asked them to identify areas into which the Ohio and New York Indian tribes could be relocated

He wanted a report on the physical features and the plant and animal life of the Louisiana territory

Which of these statesmen played a critical role in creating and passing the 1820 Missouri Comprise? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Henry Clay c. James Tallmadge d. Thomas W. Cobb

Henry Clay

Nativist fears were directed mostly at which of the following groups in early and mid-nineteenth-century America? a. Women b. Irish immigrants c. Native Americans d. Free Blacks

Irish Immigrants

Who replaced the Lowell Mill workers when they refused in the 1830s to work until conditions improved? a. Women workers b. Irish immigrants c. German immigrants d. Free blacks

Irish immigrants

Why was the American victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 significant? a. The battle revealed that most American soldiers did not accept the peace treaty b. It showed that American guerrilla fighters could still defeat the British troops. c. It restored national pride and made Andrew Jackson an American hero d. The battle persuaded British diplomats finally to sign the peace treaty

It is restored national pride and made Andrew Jackson an American hero u

The South's political clout, which ensured that the national government would continue to protect slavery, rested on which of the following? a. Its rapidly rising profits from manufacturing b. The North's indifference to the matter of slavery c. Its domination of the presidency and Senate d. A treaty with Great Britain ensuring that the slave trade would continue

Its domination of the presidency and Senate

Which of the following stipulations was included in the Adams-Ones Treaty of 1819? a. Spain ceded Florida to the United States b. Britain agreed to limit its naval forces in the Great Lakes c. The 49th parallel became the border between Canada and the United States d. Britain reimbursed American shippers for wartime damages

Spain ceded Florida to the United States

Which region of the Union was known for its support of the declaration of war on England in 1812? a. New England states b. Western and southern states c. Maritime states d. Middle Atlantic states

Western and southern states

Which of the following was a result of the Great Awakening? a. Churches split into warring factions b. Different denominations cooperated with one another. c. Americans turned their backs on the poor. d. The gulf between American politics and religion widened further.

b. Different denominations cooperated with one another.

Which of the following cases is properly paired with its corresponding decision? a. Fletcher v. Peck - states may not tax federal institutions b. Gibbons v. Ogden - national government controls interstate commerce c. McCullough v. Maryland - sanctity of contract d. Dartmouth College v. Woodward. - judicial review

b. Gibbons v. Ogden - national government controls interstate commerce

Which of the following statements describes the American Waltham plan, which was later known as Lowell system? a. The plan created the world's first comprehensive textile factory b. Its creators recruited farm girls and women to work in factories c. Waltham factory owners received one of 1,000 patents offered for new inventions d. Despite their efforts, the Waltham factory owners could not compete with their English rivals

b. Its creators recruited farm girls and women to work in factories

For which of the following reasons did New York's state government fund the building of the Erie Canal in 1817? a. The state was required to provide publicly funded jobs to the state's unemployed workers b. New Yorkers sought to link the Hudson River with the Great Lakes c. New York City needed to increase its supply of fresh drinking water d. The governor wanted to display the states' wealth to the rest of the world

b. New Yorkers sought to link the Hudson River with the Great Lakes

Which of the following factors made the critical contributions to the Federalist Party's downfall? a. Their failure to pay off the national debt b. Washington's principle of neutrality c. The adoption of many of their policies by Republicans d. The establishment of a national bank

The adoption of many of their policies by Republicans

What was the Second Great Awakening that took place in the United Staes in the nineteenth century? a. A wave of educational reforms in the early republic inspired by Thomas Grimke b. The republican cultural and intellectual movement inspired by Thomas Jefferson c. A long-lasting religious revival that made the United States a genuinely religious society d. The nationalistic cultural backlash that demonstrated a rejection of English cultural supremacy

A long lasting religious revival that made the United States a genuinely religious society

Which of these factors was the critical stimulus for the growth of domestic American markets in the first half of the nineteenth century? a. An increase in the number of large factories b. Better transportation networks c. The national bank's loan policy d. The national government's economic subsidies

Better transportation networks

In the early 1800s, British textile manufacturers had which of the following advantages over their American competitors? a. Inexpensive energy provided by rivers and streams b. Government subsidies to support manufacturing c. A domestic supply of raw cotton d. A large pool of cheap labor

A. A large pool of cheap labor

How did the spread of industrialization in the United States during the 1820s and 1830s affect skilled artisans? a. As machines changed the nature of their work, shoemakers, hatters, printers, furniture makers, and weavers faced declining incomes, job insecurity, and loss of status b. They tried, but usually failed to avoid the regimentation of factory work by moving to small towns or by setting up small, specialized shops that catered to a limited market. c. Employers and the courts blocked all their efforts to form craft unions in order to seek higher wages and better working conditions d. The wave of strikes that broke out in 1836 were put down by armed federal troops on orders from President Jackson

As machines changed the nature of their work, shoemakers, hatters, printers, furniture makers and weavers faced declining incomes, job insecurity, and loss of status.

Which were the two fastest growing American church denominations during the early nineteenth century? a. Baptists and Methodists b. Lutherans and Presbyterians c. Presbyterians and Episcopalians d. Episcopalians and Congregationalist

Baptists and Methodists

How did evangelical Christians spread religious revival during the Second Great Awakening? a. By holding large camp meeting b. By creating parochial schools c. By preaching the doctrine of original sin d. By using better-educated preachers

By holding large camp meeting

"If any one proposition could command the universal assent of mankind, we might expect it would be this: that the government of the Union, though limited in its powers, is supreme within its sphere of action. This would seem to result necessarily from its nature. It is the government of all; its powers are delegated by all; it represents all, and acts for all. Though any one State may be willing to control its operations, no State is willing to allow others to control them. The nation, on those subjects on which it can act, must necessarily bind its component parts...Although, among the enumerated powers of government, we do not find the word "bank" or "incorporation," we find the great powers to lay and collect taxes; to borrow money; to regulate commerce; to declare and conduct a war; and to raise and support armies and navies...a government, interested with such ample powers...must also be instructed with ample means for their execution...We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void." - Chief Justice John Marshall, McCullough v Maryland 1819 Which of the following groups would most likely have supported the arguments in the excerpt above? a. Federalists in the 1790s b. Democratic-Repulicans in the early 1800s c. Jacksonian Democrats in the 1830s and 1840s d. States' rights advocates in the 1850s

Federalists in the 1790s

As a result of the Embargo Act of 1807, the American economy: a. Suffered little damage because American merchants ordered their ships to trade only between neutral ports b. fell into a slump and the American gross national product dropped by 5 percent. c. Suffered little damage because northeastern merchants smuggled their goods out through Canada. d. suffered considerably less damage than did the economies of both France and Britain

Fell into a slump and the American gross national product dropped by 5 percent

Which of the following statements describes the Federalists' response to the War of 1812? a. Almost all Federalists supported the war out of patriotism and a desire to acquire eastern Canada from Britain b. Most Federalists reluctantly supported the war because public opinion favored it and they wanted to win in the upcoming midterm elections c. Federalists, such as Daniel Webster, welcomed the high tariff brought by the war because it would help New England industries d. Most Federalists strongly opposed the war and some in Massachusetts met to consider amending the Constitution to prevent future such wars

Most Federalists strongly opposed the war and some in Massachusetts met to consider amending the Constitution to prevent future such wars

Which of the following phrases describes the federal judiciary at the time Thomas Jefferson became president in 1801? a. Understaffed and lacking direction b. Sympathetic to the Republican party c. Packed with hostile Federalists d. Dominated by impartial judges

Packed with hostile Federalists

Which of the following took place in response to the Jefferson administration's purchase of Louisiana? a. Southern Federalists conspired with Aaron Burr and General James Wilkinson to capture the region and establish it as a separate nation b. Some New England Federalists devised a plan to secede from the Union and establish a northern confederacy c. Most Federalists became Republicans d. Many native Americans poured in the region

Some New England Federalists devised a plan to secede from the Union and establish a northern confederacy

Why did Thomas Jefferson decide to attempt to purchase New Orleans in 1801? a. Spain refused to allow American farmers to ship their products through the port, in violation of the Pinckney Treaty b. He feared that racial violence in Haiti would spread to the American continent via French New Orleans c. Great Britain wanted to use the port as a military staging point for its conquest of French and Spanish islands in the Caribbean d. Napoleon Bonaparte had announced a plan to establish a French empire in North America

Spain refused to allow American farmers to ship their products through the port in violation of the Pinckney Treaty

In which of the following actions did President James Madison contradict the traditional philosophy of Republicans? a. Endorsing and signing Henry Clay's Bonus Bill b. Cutting the federal budget significantly c. Approving the Judiciary Act of 1801 d. Supporting the creation of the Second Bank of the United States

Supporting the creation of the Second Bank of the United States90

Through which of the following movements did evangelical reformers succeed in effecting substantial legal and cultural transformations in early nineteenth-century America? a. Prison reform b. Prostitution c. Immigration form d. Temperance

Temperance

The transformation that occurred as American factories and farms turned out more goods, and merchants and legislators created faster and cheaper ways to get those products to consumers, was known as which of the following? a. The Market Revolution b. The Consumer Revolution c. The Technological Revolution d. The Economic Revolution

The Market Revolution

The proposed 1819 Tallmadge Amendment articulated which of the following plans? a. The gradual emancipation of slaves in Missouri b. The right of each new state in the Union to decide on its own slavery laws c. A prohibition on the entry of new slave states into the Union d. Louisiana Territory slaves' recolonization in Africa

The gradual emancipation of slaves in Missouri

Which of these inventions spurred the growth of agriculture in the Midwest in the 1840s? a. The cotton gin b. The steel plow c. Corn feeding for livestock d. The steamboat

The steel plow

Why did a group of prominent citizens found the American Colonization Society in 1817? a. They aimed to encourage Southern planters to emancipate their slaves for resettlement in Africa b. Their goal was to establish colonies of freed blacks in the American West, far from white settlements. c. The organizers sought to promote white American settlement on the Pacific coast to forestall European encroachment d. The group promoted the development of American colonies in Latin America that could eventually become states

They aimed to encourage Southern planters to emancipate their slaves for resettlement in Africa

In which of the following ways did evangelical religions in the South evolve during the first decades of the nineteenth century? a. After initially rejecting black converts, while Southern Methodists and Baptists began to welcome them into their churches. b. They began by preaching spiritual equality but gradually adopted a message that justified white patriarchal authority. c. These denominations were dominated by white men during the first years of the revival, but women gradually became a substantial majority. d. Evangelical Southerners initially embraced original sin but over time came to preach the message of universal salvation.

They began by preaching spiritual equality but gradually adopted a message that justified white patriarchal authority.

Which of the following describes the Missouri Compromise, enacted in 1820? a. The legislation encouraged many southern planation owners to emancipate their slaves b. This piece of legislation set a precedent for future states' admission to the Union c. It offered compensation to any Missouri slave owner who freed his slaves voluntarily d. Its quick adoption indicated Americans' desire to prevent national divisions over the issue of slavery

This piece of legislation set a precedent for future states' admission to the Union

Which of the following was an outcome of the rural outwork system of manufacturing in the 1820s and 1830s? a. Workers' wages decreased b. Workers' autonomy increased c. Employers lost control over their workplaces d. Women were shut out of the manufacturing process

Workers' wages decreased

The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in which of the following regions of the Louisiana Purchase? a. All the lands north of latitude 36º30' except for the state of Missouri b. All the lands south of latitude 36º30' except for the state of Missouri c. Only in Missouri d. All of Louisiana

a. All the lands north of latitude 36º30' except for the state of Missouri

Which of the following was an outcome of the American Industrial Revolution in the early nineteenth century? a. American businesses soon dominated in many European markets b. Increasing numbers of white Americans became self-employed c. Labor unions became the government-sanctioned voice for the working class d. Skilled craftsmen found their talents in great demand

a. American businesses soon dominated in many European markets

Which of the following developments ended the debate over emancipation in the South in the early nineteenth century? a. Gabriel Prosser's slave uprising b. A backlash against Quaker condemnation of slavery c. The creation of black evangelical denominations d. The passage of the Tallmadge Amendment

a. Gabriel Prosser's slave uprising

"(W)e view with great concern, both nationally and individually, certain late attempts, on the part of various descriptions of domestic manufacturers, to inducer your honorable body to increase the duties upon imports, already so high as to amount, upon many articles, nearly to a prohibition. This increased cost upon some of these may truly be designated a tax upon knowledge, if not a bounty to ignorance....That, although these attempts are sustained under the plausible pretext of 'promoting national industry,' they are calculated....to produce a tax highly impolitic in its nature, partial in its operation, and oppressive in its effects: a tax, in fact to be levied principally on the great body of agriculturists, who constitute a large majority of the whole American people, and who are the chief consumers of all foreign imports...it is the duty of every wise and just government to secure the consumers against both exorbitant profits and extravagant prices by leaving competition as free and open as possible." --Virginia Agricultural Society, Petition to the House of Representatives, 1820 Which of the following developments LEAST contributed to the grievances articulated in the petition above? a. Increased agricultural production resulting from technological inventions b. The acceleration of a national and international market economy c. Diverging economic systems within the United States d. Regional interests trumping national economic concerns

a. Increased agricultural production resulting from technological inventions

Which of the following describes the new industrial system that developed in early nineteenth-century America? a. It brought workers together under one roof in a factory b. The new system quickly replaced the rural outcome system c. It eliminated any possibility that unions could organize to defend works' interests d. The system was bitterly opposed by the many critics of industrial pollution

a. It brought workers together under one roof in a factory

The prophet Tenskwatawa was historically significant for which of the following activities? a. Tenskwatawa urged Indian peoples to work together and to shun the ways of Americans b. Tenskwatawa led a coalition of Indians to resettle in Canada under British protection. c. He urged Native Americans to assimilate and adopt the superior technology of westerners d. He signed a peace treaty with Indian's governor to allow his people to live on a large reservation

a. Tenskwatawa urged Indian peoples to work together and to shun the ways of Americans

"Every one acquainted with southern slaves knows that the slave rejoices in the elevation and prosperity of his master; and the heart of no one is more gladdened at the successful debut of young master or miss on the great theatre of the world than that of either the young slave who has grown up who has looked on and watched them from birth to manhood, with the kindness and most affectionate solicitude, and has ever met from them all the kind treatment and generous sympathies of feeling tender hearts. Judge Smith...said in an emergency he would rely upon his own slaves for his defense - he would put arms into their hands, and he had no doubt they would defend him faithfully. In the late Southhampton insurrection, we know that many actually convened their slaves and armed them for defence, although slaves were here the cause of the evil which was to be repelled." -- Thomas Dew President of the College of William & Mary, 1832. --- The Pro-Slavery Argument By the eve of the Civil War, sentiments such as those expressed such in the excerpt above most clearly formed for basis for: a. The Southern defense of slavery as a positive good b. Southern arguments in favor of states' rights c. abolitionist campaigns to end slavery in the United States d. the Southern political theory of nullification

a. The Southern defense of slavery as a positive good

Which of the following events or processes in the 1840s or 1850s most directly contributed to the "irritations" that Jefferson warned about in the letter above. a. The acquisition of new territory in the West and the U.S. victory in the Mexican-American War b. The growth of violent nativist movements aimed at limiting immigrants' influence and power c. The movement of African Americans and Asians to the West d. The increased settlement in areas forcibly taken from American Indians

a. The acquisition of new territory in the West and the U.S. victory in the Mexican-American War

"(I promise)...to demonstrate in the course of ...my Appeal...that we Coloured People of these United States, are, the most wretched, degraded and abject set of beings that ever lived since the world began, down to the present day, and that the white Christians of America, who hold us in slavery, (or more properly speaking, pretenders to Christianity,) treat us more cruel and barbarous than any Heathen nation did any people whom it had subjected, or reduced to the same condition...I advance it therefore to you...as an unshaken and forever immoveable fact, that your full glory and happiness, as well as all other coloured people under Heaven, shall never be fully consummated, but with the entire emancipation of your enslaved brethren all over the world." - David Walker, jAppeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, 1829 The arguments in the excerpt above are best understood in the context of: a. the emergence of African American abolitionist movements b. sectional tensions over the institution of slavery c. continued restrictions on African American citizenship in Northern states d. the growth of the internal slave trade in the United States

a. The emergence of African American abolitionist movements

Why did Congress approve funds for the construction of the National Road in 1806? a. To link midwestern settlers to the seaboard states b. To connect the manufacturing cities in the South c. To connect midwestern settlers' communities with each other d. To provide a route for settlement for territory on the West coast

a. The link midwestern settlers to the seaboard states

"This momentous question like a fire-bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper... But as it is, we have the wolf by the ears, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other." Thomas Jefferson, Letter to John Holmes 1820 The letter above was most likely written in response to: a. the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France b. passage of the Missouri Compromise c. efforts to promote the American System d. governmental attempts to force the removal of the American Indians

b. Passage of the Missouri Compromise

Which of the following replaced canals as at the primary form of transportation in the United States in the nineteenth century? a. An improved network of national roads b. Railroads c. Steamboats d. The Pony Express

b. Railroads

Who was the English immigrant who secretly brought the design of the most advanced British machinery for spinning cotton to America in 1789? a. Francis Cabot Lowell b. Samuel Slater c. Paul Moody d. Eli Whitney

b. Samuel Slater

"Many years after his first election to the president, Thomas Jefferson commented that "the revolution of 1800" was the "real a revolution in the principles of our government as that of 1776 was in its form"....For him the election of 1800 was a turning point because it marked a turning back to the true republican spirit of 1776...Within the Jeffersonian framework of assumptions and beliefs, three essential conditions were necessary to create and sustain such a republican political economy: a national government free from any taint of corruption, an unobstructed access to an ample supply of open land, and a relatively liberal international commercial order that would offer adequate foreign markets for America's flourishing agricultural surplus." - Drew R. McCoy, The Elusive Republic: 1980 Which of the following best exemplified the Jefferson embrace of the ideals described in the excerpt above? a. The National Bank b. The Louisiana Purchase c. The Missouri Compromise d. The American System

b. The Louisiana Purchase

Which of the following Puritan ideas became a middle-class conviction with a secular twist during industrialization in the early 1800s? a. Predestination b. The Protestant work ethic c. Covenant thinking d. Creation of society based on faith and ideals

b. The Protestant work ethic

"Every one acquainted with southern slaves knows that the slave rejoices in the elevation and prosperity of his master; and the heart of no one is more gladdened at the successful debut of young master or miss on the great theatre of the world than that of either the young slave who has grown up who has looked on and watched them from birth to manhood, with the kindness and most affectionate solicitude, and has ever met from them all the kind treatment and generous sympathies of feeling tender hearts. Judge Smith...said in an emergency he would rely upon his own slaves for his defense - he would put arms into their hands, and he had no doubt they would defend him faithfully. In the late Southhampton insurrection, we know that many actually convened their slaves and armed them for defence, although slaves were here the cause of the evil which was to be repelled." -- Thomas Dew President of the College of William & Mary, 1832. --- The Pro-Slavery Argument The excerpt above was most likely a response to which of the following? a. The outlawing of the international slave trade b. The abolitionist criticism of the treatment of slaves in the South c. The creation of free African American communities d. The formation of a temporary national truce over the issue of slavery

b. The abolitionist criticism of the treatment of slaves in the South

"If any one proposition could command the universal assent of mankind, we might expect it would be this: that the government of the Union, though limited in its powers, is supreme within its sphere of action. This would seem to result necessarily from its nature. It is the government of all; its powers are delegated by all; it represents all, and acts for all. Though any one State may be willing to control its operations, no State is willing to allow others to control them. The nation, on those subjects on which it can act, must necessarily bind its component parts...Although, among the enumerated powers of government, we do not find the word "bank" or "incorporation," we find the great powers to lay and collect taxes; to borrow money; to regulate commerce; to declare and conduct a war; and to raise and support armies and navies...a government, interested with such ample powers...must also be instructed with ample means for their execution...We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void." - Chief Justice John Marshall, McCullough v Maryland 1819 Which of the following did NOT result from the Supreme Court ruling above or similar rulings by the Supreme court in the early 1800s? a. The recognition of federal power over state laws b. The promotion of regional interests over national concerns c. The assertion of the primary of the judiciary d. The Court determining the meaning of the Constitution

b. The promotion of regional interests over national concerns

"(W)e view with great concern, both nationally and individually, certain late attempts, on the part of various descriptions of domestic manufacturers, to inducer your honorable body to increase the duties upon imports, already so high as to amount, upon many articles, nearly to a prohibition. This increased cost upon some of these may truly be designated a tax upon knowledge, if not a bounty to ignorance....That, although these attempts are sustained under the plausible pretext of 'promoting national industry,' they are calculated....to produce a tax highly impolitic in its nature, partial in its operation, and oppressive in its effects: a tax, in fact to be levied principally on the great body of agriculturists, who constitute a large majority of the whole American people, and who are the chief consumers of all foreign imports...it is the duty of every wise and just government to secure the consumers against both exorbitant profits and extravagant prices by leaving competition as free and open as possible." --Virginia Agricultural Society, Petition to the House of Representatives, 1820 The sentiments expressed in the petition above can best be understood in the context of: a. the rise of voluntary organizations promoting secular reforms b. debates over the federal government's role in the economy c. Supreme Court decisions asserting federal power over state laws. d. resistance to initiatives or democracy and inclusion

b. debates over the federal government's role in the economy

The Second Great Awakening deeply influenced American culture and society by reinforcing the Calvinist doctrine of predestination. a. promoting the Calvinist doctrine of predestination b. promoting the ideas of human reason and free will c. increasing respect for hierarchical authority in American churches d. increasing the intellectual power of Protestant preaching

b. promoting the ideas of human reason and free will

If any one proposition could command the universal assent of mankind, we might expect it would be this: that the government of the Union, though limited in its powers, is supreme within its sphere of action. This would seem to result necessarily from its nature. It is the government of all; its powers are delegated by all; it represents all, and acts for all. Though any one State may be willing to control its operations, no State is willing to allow others to control them. The nation, on those subjects on which it can act, must necessarily bind its component parts...Although, among the enumerated powers of government, we do not find the word "bank" or "incorporation," we find the great powers to lay and collect taxes; to borrow money; to regulate commerce; to declare and conduct a war; and to raise and support armies and navies...a government, interested with such ample powers...must also be instructed with ample means for their execution...We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void." - Chief Justice John Marshall, McCullough v Maryland 1819 The ideas expressed in the excerpt above can best be understood in the context of debates over: a. the authority of different branches of the federal government b. the scope of the federal government's role in the economy c. the relationship between the federal government and state governments d. how to match democratic political ideals to political institutions

b. the scope of the federal government's role in the economy

(I promise)...to demonstrate in the course of ...my Appeal...that we Coloured People of these United States, are, the most wretched, degraded and abject set of beings that ever lived since the world began, down to the present day, and that the white Christians of America, who hold us in slavery, (or more properly speaking, pretenders to Christianity,) treat us more cruel and barbarous than any Heathen nation did any people whom it had subjected, or reduced to the same condition...I advance it therefore to you...as an unshaken and forever immoveable fact, that your full glory and happiness, as well as all other coloured people under Heaven, shall never be fully consummated, but with the entire emancipation of your enslaved brethren all over the world." - David Walker, jAppeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, 1829 During the antebellum era, which of the following groups shared the most similar experience to that described in the excerpt above? a. European migrants b. White women c. American Indians d. Abolitionists

c. American Indians

"Every one acquainted with southern slaves knows that the slave rejoices in the elevation and prosperity of his master; and the heart of no one is more gladdened at the successful debut of young master or miss on the great theatre of the world than that of either the young slave who has grown up who has looked on and watched them from birth to manhood, with the kindness and most affectionate solicitude, and has ever met from them all the kind treatment and generous sympathies of feeling tender hearts. Judge Smith...said in an emergency he would rely upon his own slaves for his defense - he would put arms into their hands, and he had no doubt they would defend him faithfully. In the late Southhampton insurrection, we know that many actually convened their slaves and armed them for defence, although slaves were here the cause of the evil which was to be repelled." -- Thomas Dew President of the College of William & Mary, 1832. --- The Pro-Slavery Argument The author's sentiments in the excerpt above can best be understood as: a. supportive of the continuation of the international slave trade b. opposition to the continued restrictions against citizenship for slaves c. an expression of Southern pride in the institution of slavery d. an argument for the gradual emancipation of slaves

c. An expression of Southern pride in the institution of slavery

How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the nineteenth century? a. By giving tax breaks to large businesses b. By building canals c. By passing protective tariffs d. By prohibiting labor unions

c. By passing protective tariffs

Between 1820 and 1840, the economic conditions for casual day laborers in American cities changed in which of the following ways? a. Conditions improved because they were in high demand and gained greater geographical mobility b. Their economic conditions held steady, neither improving nor worsening c. Casual day laborers bore the brunt of unemployment during business depressions d. They improved slightly but only because of high levels of middle-class charity

c. Casual day laborers bore the brunt of unemployment during business depressions.

Which of the following describes German immigrants who settled in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s? a. Fewer Germans immigrated to the United States than did Irish and British migrants b. Nearly all Germans were poor and settled in cities because they could not afford more travel. c. Germans were the second largest immigrant group and many settled in the midwestern states d. The Germans led urban riots against the Irish and black populations of cities

c. Germans were the second largest immigrant group and many settled in the midwestern states

In the first half of the nineteenth century, American manufacturers' main advantage over the British mills was that they had access to which of the following? a. Cheaper shipping b. Lower interest rates c. More natural resources d. A ready supply of cheap labor

c. More natural resources

Which of the following statements characterizes the relationship between church and state in post revoluntionary America? a. Most citizens believed that government and politics should be completely free from the influence of religious beliefs b. The Baptist Church led the campaign for state protection and funding of all Christian denominations c. Most states continued to support churches indirectly by not taxing their property or ministers' incomes d. By 1786, the Anglican Church of Virginia was the only example of an established church in any state.

c. Most states continued to support churches indirectly by not taxing their property or ministers' incomes

By the 1830s, coal and metal manufacturers increasingly used which of the following to run machinery? a. Water wheels b. Windmills c. Steam engines d. Hand power

c. Steam engines

"(W)e view with great concern, both nationally and individually, certain late attempts, on the part of various descriptions of domestic manufacturers, to inducer your honorable body to increase the duties upon imports, already so high as to amount, upon many articles, nearly to a prohibition. This increased cost upon some of these may truly be designated a tax upon knowledge, if not a bounty to ignorance....That, although these attempts are sustained under the plausible pretext of 'promoting national industry,' they are calculated....to produce a tax highly impolitic in its nature, partial in its operation, and oppressive in its effects: a tax, in fact to be levied principally on the great body of agriculturists, who constitute a large majority of the whole American people, and who are the chief consumers of all foreign imports...it is the duty of every wise and just government to secure the consumers against both exorbitant profits and extravagant prices by leaving competition as free and open as possible." --Virginia Agricultural Society, Petition to the House of Representatives, 1820 In which of the following areas did regional interests and perspectives have the LEAST impact on national policy? a. Tariffs b. Internal improvements c. National bank d. American Indian policy

d. American Indian policy

Which of the following best explains why many state governments in the North continued to restrict African American citizenship during the antebellum era? a. Most Northerners believed that the federal government should defend the institution of slavery b. The North was economically dependent on Southern cotton c. It was a backlash against the widespread discussion of various emancipation plans d. Anti-black sentiments persisted in popular politics and culture

d. Anti-black sentiments persisted in popular politics and culture

(I promise)...to demonstrate in the course of ...my Appeal...that we Coloured People of these United States, are, the most wretched, degraded and abject set of beings that ever lived since the world began, down to the present day, and that the white Christians of America, who hold us in slavery, (or more properly speaking, pretenders to Christianity,) treat us more cruel and barbarous than any Heathen nation did any people whom it had subjected, or reduced to the same condition...I advance it therefore to you...as an unshaken and forever immoveable fact, that your full glory and happiness, as well as all other coloured people under Heaven, shall never be fully consummated, but with the entire emancipation of your enslaved brethren all over the world." - David Walker, jAppeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, 1829 Which of the following resulted from the sentiments expressed in the excerpt above? a. Growing national support among Whigs and Democrats for abolition b. Increasing numbers of Northerners insisting that the federal government should defend slavery c. Decreased demand from Northern factories for Southern cotton cultivated by slaves d. Increasingly bitter national debates over the institution of slavery

d. Increasingly bitter national debates over the institution of slavery

Which inventor is properly matched with the item he invented? a. Cyrus McCormick - the Clermont b. Samuel Colt - interchangeable parts c. Eli Whitney - the reaper d. John Deere - the steel plow

d. John Deere - the steel plow

In the 1824 U.S. Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden, the Marshall Court's decision: a. reaffirmed the concept of state control over interstate commerce b. reaffirmed the concept of county or city control over instate commerce c. permitted local or state monopolies if they benefited the common good. d. overturned New York law that granted a monopoly on steamboat travel into New York City

d. Overturned New York law that granted a monopoly on steamboat travel into New York City

"We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina in Convention assembled, do declare and ordain...That the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign of foreign commodities...and, more especially...(the tariff acts of 1828 and 1832) ...are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof, and are null, void, and no law, nor binding upon this State, its officers or citizens...And we, the People of South Carolina...Do further Declare that we will not submit to the application of force, on the part of the Federal Government, to reduce this State to obedience; but that we will consider the passage, by Congress, of any act...to coerce the State...to be null and void, inconsistent with the longer continuance of South Carolina in the Union..." -South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832 Paul Leicester Ford, The Federalist The excerpt above best exemplifies which of the following historical developments or processes in the first half of American history? a. The support of resistance of various American groups or individuals to the expansion of territory. b. The reemergence of a two-party political system as various constituencies and interest groups coalesced and defined their agendas c. The assertion of Southern regional pride in slavery and the insistence of many whites in the South the the federal government defend slavery d. Resistance from state governments in the North and the South at different times to federal attempts to assert authority over them

d. Resistance from state governments in the the North and the South at different times to federal attempts to assert authority over them

"Many years after his first election to the president, Thomas Jefferson commented that "the revolution of 1800" was the "real a revolution in the principles of our government as that of 1776 was in its form"....For him the election of 1800 was a turning point because it marked a turning back to the true republican spirit of 1776...Within the Jeffersonian framework of assumptions and beliefs, three essential conditions were necessary to create and sustain such a republican political economy: a national government free from any taint of corruption, an unobstructed access to an ample supply of open land, and a relatively liberal international commercial order that would offer adequate foreign markets for America's flourishing agricultural surplus." - Drew R. McCoy, The Elusive Republic: 1980 Which of the following antebellum-era historical developments most conflicted with the goals of Jeffersonian Republicans as outline in the excerpt above?" a. The Nation's transformation toward a more participatory democracy b. The emergence of a new national culture c. The acceleration of a national an international economy d. The growth of northern industry and regional economic specialization

d. The growth of northern industry and regional economic specialization

Which of the following describes Jefferson's approach to the opportunity to purchase Louisiana in 1801? a. In keeping with his strict constructionist view of the Constitution, Jefferson jumped on the opportunity. b. Jefferson delayed so that he could obtain a constitutional amendment allowing presidential land purchases c. Unsure of the extent of his presidential powers , Jefferson procrastinated until Congress forced him to act d. The opportunity led Jefferson to revise his view of the presidential powers granted by the Constitution

d. The opportunity led Jefferson to revise his view of the presidential powers granted by the Constitution

"This momentous question like a fire-bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper... But as it is, we have the wolf by the ears, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other." Thomas Jefferson, Letter to John Holmes 1820 The concerns expressed in the letter above can best be understood in the context of: a. federal efforts to control American Indian Populations b. competing ideas about geographical boundaries c. concerns over the rights and responsibilities of individual citizens d. debates over the extension of slavery into the western territories

d. debates over extension of slavery into the western territories

Why was the decision in the case Marbury v. Madison (1803) of great importance in American history? a. It marked the onset of a period of frequent declarations by the Supreme court that laws enacted by the Republican-dominated Congress wee unconstitutional b. It marked the first occasion on which the Supreme Court declared that it had the power to rule national laws unconstitutional c. President Jefferson used the public backlash against this decision to purge the federal judiciary of Federalists and to attempt to impeach Chief Justice Marshall d. In refusing to uphold Marbury's right to his commission, Chief Justice Marshall established an implicit political alliance with President Jefferson

it marked the first occasion on which the Supreme Court declared that it had the power to rule national laws unconstitutional

In 1801, Jefferson responded to the Barbary States; threats against American shipping by: a. refusing tribute payments, retaliating against renewed Barbary attacks, then working out a diplomatic solution involving much lower tribute payments b. announcing that it was too expensive to maintain the navy that the Federalists had built to deal with this treat and that it would be cheaper to pay a higher tribute. c. ordering a naval bombardment and the landing of U.S. Marines, who destroyed the Barbary States' capacity to harass American shipping d. "showing the flag" through a token bombardment of the Barbary States but, in the end, continuing to pay the same tribute

refusing tribute payments, retaliating against renewed Barbary attacks, then working out a diplomatic solution involving much lower tribute payments

John Marshall's decisions upheld the principle of a. States' rights b. limited government c. the supremacy of national laws over state laws d. social warefare

the supremacy of national laws over state laws