apush practice

"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military." What was a long-term result from the situation in Jamestown

The rise of the plantation system and the use of African slaves

"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD."— William Lloyd Garrison, first issue of abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, January 18314. The type of views expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from which of the following trends?

The Second Great Awakening

"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted."- Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, "The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877," published in 1965 Which of the following later historical developments is most similar to the actions of the governments described in the excerpt?

The desegregation of the United States military in 1948

"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military." The increase in population for African Americans resulted most directly from

The development of an economy based on growing crops for export

"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD."— William Lloyd Garrison, first issue of abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, January 18315. Opponents of Garrison's ideas expressed in the excerpt would most likely have argued that

slavery was a positive social institution and should not be changed

"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." Europeans most typically explained the Columbian Exchange by

Viewing it as proof of the higher level of civilization among Europeans

"The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; [but] it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. . . . Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good? Nothing but a permanent body can check the imprudence of democracy."— Alexander Hamilton, speech at the Constitutional Convention, 1787Based on the excerpt, Hamilton would most likely support?

property qualifications for voting

In the decade following the ratification of the Constitution, divisions emerged between Hamilton's political party, the Federalists, and their rivals, the Democratic-Republicans, over all of the following issues EXCEPT the

relationship between religion and the federal government

"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." The Columbian Exchange most affected Europeans through

significant population growth and economic development in many parts of Europe

"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted."- Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, "The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877," published in 1965Which of the following provides the best evidence in support of the argument in the excerpt?

Changes in voting patterns and office holding that occurred during Reconstruction

What does this cartoon suggest about Jackson's attitude toward the Constitution?

Jackson wielded Presidential power with little regard for Constitutional limits

"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing."- David M. Potter, historian, "The Impending Crisis: America before the Civil War," 1848-1861, published in 1976The "acquisition of a new empire" referenced in the excerpt most directly fostered sectional division through the ....

Renewed debate over the expansion of slavery

"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing."- David M. Potter, historian, "The Impending Crisis: America before the Civil War," 1848-1861, published in 1976Which of the following most directly contributed to the decision by the United States to fight the Mexican-American War?

The idea of Manifest Destiny

"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing."- David M. Potter, historian, "The Impending Crisis: America before the Civil War," 1848-1861, published in 1976 Which of the following historical developments during the nineteenth century best supports Potter's argument about the underlying cause of sectional conflict?

The increase in economic opportunities in the West

"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing."- David M. Potter, historian, "The Impending Crisis: America before the Civil War," 1848-1861, published in 1976Which of the following most directly helped maintain the "balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States" before the Mexican-American War referenced in the excerpt?

The passage of the Missouri Compromise

"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted."- Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, "The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877," published in 1965 Which of the following contributed most directly to the end of Reconstruction?

The waning commitment to reform in the North

"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." American Indian societies most commonly reacted to the Columbian Exchange by

adapting European material goods while attempting to preserve cultural autonomy

"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military." By 1790, the population increase led to the

creation of new settlements on the western edge of territory occupied by European Americans

"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." The excerpt describes effects of the

columbian exchange

"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military." In the first half of the 1600s, American Indians in Virginia and Maryland most typically responded to the English colonization by

defending their territory against the English

What led President Andrew Jackson's opponents to call him "King Andrew"?

his intention to expand presidential powers

"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD."— William Lloyd Garrison, first issue of abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, January 18313. A person who agreed with Garrison's views expressed in the excerpt would most likely have advocated

immediate emancipation of enslaved people

"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military." By the 1860s, the long-term effects of the population trends most directly contributed to the

increased political tensions between the Northern and Southern states

"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military." Compared to New England, early English settlement in Virginia and Maryland was characterized by

lower life expectancy, a larger population of indentured servants, and a greater gender imbalance

"The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; [but] it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. . . . Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good? Nothing but a permanent body can check the imprudence of democracy."— Alexander Hamilton, speech at the Constitutional Convention, 1787Hamilton's views expressed in the excerpt most directly supported which of the following?

the establishment of the Supreme Court

"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military." The trend in population from 1670 to 1700 is best explained by (increase in African Americans, European Americans, and total population, decrease in Native Americans)

the spread of epidemic diseases among Native Americans