INTR-OS
operating system
A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.
kernel
Everything else is either a system program (ships with the operating system) or an application program, except the one program running at all times on the computer. (TRUE/FALSE)
operating system
Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.
Multi-threaded process
has one program counter per thread
bootstrap program
it is loaded at power-up or reboot of a computer. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
A bootstrap program are typically stored in ROM or EPROM, generally known as firmware. (TRUE/FALSE)
False
A bootstrap program does not all aspects of a system. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
A bootstrap program is the one responsible for loading operating system kernel and starting the execution. (TRUE/FALSE)
active
A process is a/an ______ entity
passive
A program is a/an _______ entity
True
After I/O starts, control returns to user program only upon I/O completion. - Wait instruction idles the CPU until the next interrupt. - Wait loop (contention for memory access). - At most one I/O request is outstanding at a time, no simultaneous I/O processing. (TRUE/FALSE)
False
After I/O starts, control returns to user program while waiting for I/O completion. (TRUE/FALSE)
False
An operating system is not a control program. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
An operating system is not interrupt driven. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers. (TRUE/FALSE)
operating system
Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users
Control Program
Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer
Resource Allocator
Decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use
Interrupt Handling
Determines which type of interrupt has occurred: - polling - vectored interrupt system
True
Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
Each device controller has a local buffer. (TRUE/FALSE)
Operating system goals
Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier.
False
I/O devices and the CPU cannot execute concurrently. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
If processes don't fit in memory, swappingmoves them in and out to run. (TRUE/FALSE)
False
Incoming interrupts are enabled while another interrupt is being processed to prevent a lost interrupt. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
Interrupt Handling separate segments of code determine what action should be taken for each type of interrupt. (TRUE/FALSE)
False
Interrupt architecture does not save the address of the interrupted instruction. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
Interrupt transfers control to the interrupt service routine generally, through the interrupt vector, which contains the addresses of all the service routines. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
Is an Operating system a resource allocator. (TRUE/FALSE)
Trap
It is a software-generated interrupt caused either by an error or a user request
Disk Surface
It is logically divided into tracks, which are subdivided into sectors.
Operating system goals
Make the computer system convenient to use.
Resource Allocator
Manages all resources
False
Movement between levels of storage hierarchy must be implicit. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
Operating has no universally accepted definition.(TRUE/FALSE)
True
Operating system indexes into I/O device table to determine device status and to modify table entry to include interrupt. (TRUE/FALSE)
False
Simultaneous execution of CPUs and devices competing for memory cycles. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
Storage systems organized in hierarchy. - Speed - Cost - Volatility (TRUE/FALSE)
kernel
The one program running at all times on the computer.
False
The operating system does not preserves the state of the CPU by storing registers and the program counter. (TRUE/FALSE)
False
Two or more CPUs, device controllers connect through common bus providing access to shared memory. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
Typically system has many processes, some user, some operating system running concurrently on one or more CPUs. (TRUE/FALSE)
Direct Memory Access Structure
Used for high-speed I/O devices able to transmit information at close to memory speeds Device controller transfers blocks of data from buffer storage directly to main memory without CPU intervention Only one interrupt is generated per block, rather than the one interrupt per byte
Device-status table
a table that contains entry for each I/O device indicating its type, address, and state.
Virtual memory
allows execution of processes not completely in memory
Caching
copying information into faster storage system; main memory can be viewed as a cache for secondary storage
Application programs
define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users. Ex.Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video games
disk controller
determines the logical interaction between the device and the computer.
Secondary Storage
extension of main memory that provides large nonvolatile storage capacity.
Caching
information in use is copied from slower to faster storage temporarily
Process
is a program in execution. It is a unit of work within the system.
System call
is the request to the operating system to allow user to wait for I/O completion.
Timesharing (multitasking)
logical extension in which CPU switches jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job while it is running, creating interactive computing
Main Memory
only large storage media that the CPU can access directly.
Hardware
provides basic computing resources Ex. CPU, memory, I/O devices
Process termination
requires reclaim of any reusable resources
Magnetic disks
rigid metal or glass platters covered with magnetic recording material