INTR-OS

operating system

A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.

kernel

Everything else is either a system program (ships with the operating system) or an application program, except the one program running at all times on the computer. (TRUE/FALSE)

operating system

Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.

Multi-threaded process

has one program counter per thread

bootstrap program

it is loaded at power-up or reboot of a computer. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

A bootstrap program are typically stored in ROM or EPROM, generally known as firmware. (TRUE/FALSE)

False

A bootstrap program does not all aspects of a system. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

A bootstrap program is the one responsible for loading operating system kernel and starting the execution. (TRUE/FALSE)

active

A process is a/an ______ entity

passive

A program is a/an _______ entity

True

After I/O starts, control returns to user program only upon I/O completion. - Wait instruction idles the CPU until the next interrupt. - Wait loop (contention for memory access). - At most one I/O request is outstanding at a time, no simultaneous I/O processing. (TRUE/FALSE)

False

After I/O starts, control returns to user program while waiting for I/O completion. (TRUE/FALSE)

False

An operating system is not a control program. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

An operating system is not interrupt driven. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers. (TRUE/FALSE)

operating system

Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users

Control Program

Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer

Resource Allocator

Decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use

Interrupt Handling

Determines which type of interrupt has occurred: - polling - vectored interrupt system

True

Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

Each device controller has a local buffer. (TRUE/FALSE)

Operating system goals

Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier.

False

I/O devices and the CPU cannot execute concurrently. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

If processes don't fit in memory, swappingmoves them in and out to run. (TRUE/FALSE)

False

Incoming interrupts are enabled while another interrupt is being processed to prevent a lost interrupt. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

Interrupt Handling separate segments of code determine what action should be taken for each type of interrupt. (TRUE/FALSE)

False

Interrupt architecture does not save the address of the interrupted instruction. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

Interrupt transfers control to the interrupt service routine generally, through the interrupt vector, which contains the addresses of all the service routines. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

Is an Operating system a resource allocator. (TRUE/FALSE)

Trap

It is a software-generated interrupt caused either by an error or a user request

Disk Surface

It is logically divided into tracks, which are subdivided into sectors.

Operating system goals

Make the computer system convenient to use.

Resource Allocator

Manages all resources

False

Movement between levels of storage hierarchy must be implicit. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

Operating has no universally accepted definition.(TRUE/FALSE)

True

Operating system indexes into I/O device table to determine device status and to modify table entry to include interrupt. (TRUE/FALSE)

False

Simultaneous execution of CPUs and devices competing for memory cycles. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

Storage systems organized in hierarchy. - Speed - Cost - Volatility (TRUE/FALSE)

kernel

The one program running at all times on the computer.

False

The operating system does not preserves the state of the CPU by storing registers and the program counter. (TRUE/FALSE)

False

Two or more CPUs, device controllers connect through common bus providing access to shared memory. (TRUE/FALSE)

True

Typically system has many processes, some user, some operating system running concurrently on one or more CPUs. (TRUE/FALSE)

Direct Memory Access Structure

Used for high-speed I/O devices able to transmit information at close to memory speeds Device controller transfers blocks of data from buffer storage directly to main memory without CPU intervention Only one interrupt is generated per block, rather than the one interrupt per byte

Device-status table

a table that contains entry for each I/O device indicating its type, address, and state.

Virtual memory

allows execution of processes not completely in memory

Caching

copying information into faster storage system; main memory can be viewed as a cache for secondary storage

Application programs

define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users. Ex.Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video games

disk controller

determines the logical interaction between the device and the computer.

Secondary Storage

extension of main memory that provides large nonvolatile storage capacity.

Caching

information in use is copied from slower to faster storage temporarily

Process

is a program in execution. It is a unit of work within the system.

System call

is the request to the operating system to allow user to wait for I/O completion.

Timesharing (multitasking)

logical extension in which CPU switches jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job while it is running, creating interactive computing

Main Memory

only large storage media that the CPU can access directly.

Hardware

provides basic computing resources Ex. CPU, memory, I/O devices

Process termination

requires reclaim of any reusable resources

Magnetic disks

rigid metal or glass platters covered with magnetic recording material