APUSH Progressive Era & Guilded Age Exam

Pres. Johnson's Reconstruction Plan

1. Pardon all but confederate military officers and people with $20,000 of property 2. New state constitutions must accept minimum conditions repudiating slavery, secession & state debts 3. Placed provisional governors in confederate states until they elected officials

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act

1890, Designed to stop monopolies -in "restraint of trade" -"rule of reason" loophole - worded so poorly that it doesn't define what a monopoly is -used to break up unions when they strike since they are in restraint of trade

The Triangle Shirtwaist fire

1911, a terrible fire swept through the factory of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York, 146 workers, mostly women, died. Many were trapped inside because management had locked emergency exits to prevent employees from skipping out on work

The Freedman's Bureau

A government run agency to provide welfare for freedmen, they could come and get food and whatnot.

Anti-Immigrant feelings in 1850's

Americans didn't like that immigrants were coming to the US for jobs, it meant that they could easily be replaced and that they could be payed less

JP Morgan

Banker in NY who helped companies buy other companies, created a $1.4 billion enterprise, United States Steel Corporation

Immigrant Groups

Chinese in late 1800's for the Gold Rush, 2 million between 1870&1900 from Scandinavia, Germany, Ireland, Russia, Czech, etc for the resources US offered & factory jobs

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Eastern railroads announced 10% wage cuts, workers disrupted rail service form Baltimore to St. Louis, destroyed equipment, rioted in the streets. Was America's first major national labor conflict

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed all enslaved blacks

Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer, British economist, Advocate of Laissez-faire, adopted Darwin's ideas from the "origin of species", notion of "survival of the fittest", individuals must have freedom to struggle, succeed or fail, state intervention to reward society and the economy is futile

Gilded Age Politics

In favor of boosting business, Sherman Antitrust Act - supposed to stop monopolies, but is very vague and weak, fails

Prominent leader promoting the settlement house movement

Jane Addams

Trust

Organization that allows the formation of a monopoly

John D. Rockefeller

Owner of Standard Oil, integrated both vertically and horizontally buying out all competition and all stages of production

The Populist Party (The Peoples Party)

Political party that developed during the Guild-ed Age, addresses wealth distribution, and women's suffrage

William J Bryan

Populist Party presidential candidate, gave the cross of gold speech saying that US workers are being crucified on the banks crosses of gold, wanted to link money to both gold and silver so there would be more of it

Jacob Riis

Publicist who exposed how awful crowded immigrant neighborhoods were

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Railroad tycoon "Can't I do what I want with my own?"

Gospel of Wealth

Religion in the Era of Industrialization Wealth was viewed as a sign of God's approval Christian duty to accumulate wealth Should not help poor because God hates them, if he liked them then they'd be wealthy

Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth

Said that the rich should not give money to the poor. Instead they should establish universities, libraries, music halls, etc: The resources a poor person needs to become educated

Andrew Carnegie

Scottish immigrant who opened his own steel works company, vertically and horizontally integrated and sold out for $450 million to JP Morgan

Lazes' Faire

The governments role in business, creating laws they must follow

The Homestead Strike

The homestead steel plant cut wages and gave the workers union two days to accept. The workers called for a strike. the guards the company hired to protect the new nonunion workers came on the river, the strikers poured oil on the river and lit it on fire and commenced a battle with the guards. State militia was called in and the strike was put to rest

Spanish American War

US backed Cuba in their revolution against spain. Soldiers had serious supply problems: shortage of modern rifles and ammunition, uniforms too heavy for the warm caribbean, inadequate medical services, horrible food

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

US will intervene with any attempts at colonization of the Americas, US would act as an international police force to enforce laws and punishments

Kansas - Nebraska Act

Written by Stephen Douglas, created Nebraska and Kansas and allowed slavery to be determined by territorial legislature. Created the Republican Party

Presidency of Teddy Roosevelt

builds Panama canal, Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, Meat Inspection Act of 1906, worked to curb the power of trusts

Social ills of the Gilded Age

poor working conditions, long hours for 7 days a week, poor wage, unskilled labor so you could be replaced

Industrial Expansion

the expansion of buisnesses

Ideology behind the Settlement House

to teach immigrants proper american manners