APUSH REVIEW: Periods 1,2,3
French and Indian War
1754 -1763: North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War.
Paxton Boy's
1763, Scots-Irish frontiersmen in central Pennsylvania who formed a vigilante group to retaliate against Indians and marched to Philadelphia to present grievances.
Ratification
9/13 states had to do this for this to be enacted.
Joint-Stock Company
A business entity where different stakes can be bought and owned by shareholders.
Republican Motherhood
A concept that deals with the role of women and their duties to both family and country at the time of the American Revolution.
Monarchy
A governmental system in which there is a hereditary head of state.
Indentured Servant
A labor system whereby people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a certain number of years.
Maize
A large grain plant domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times.
Puritan
A member of a group of Protestants within the Church of England, demanded, the simplification of doctrine and worship, and greater strictness in religious discipline.
Mercantilism
A nation should export more than it imported and accumulate bullion to make up the difference. Exportation of finished goods favored.
Slave
A person held in servitude as the chattel of another.
Mestizo
A person of combined European and Native American descent.
Federalism
A political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant with a governing representative head.
Northwest Ordinance
Act of the Congress of Confederation creating the first organized territory from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains .
Parliament
An assembly of representatives, usually of an entire nation, that makes laws.
Capitalism
An economic system in which trade, industry, and the means of production are largely or entirely privately owned and operated for profit.
Great Basin
Area of little rain, few trees, no large river, and few game.
Kentucky Resolution
Argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution.
Jay's Treaty
Between Britain and the US that is credited with averting war, resolving issues remaining since Revolutionary War, and facilitated ten years of peaceful trade.
Molasses Act
British law that imposed a tax on sugar and rum imported from non-British foreign colonies into the North-American colonies.
Common Sense
Challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy in plain language that spoke to the common man.
Small Pox
Deadly communicable disease from Europe.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
One of the most influential philosophers during the Enlightenment and author of "The Social Contract".
Llamas
Only domesticated pack animal in the Americas.
Republic
Power resides in the people, and the government is ruled by elected leaders run according to law .
Separation of Powers
Powers and responsibilities are divided among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.
Tobacco
Primary crop from the Chesapeake region.
Cereal Crops
Primary crops from the New England region
New Jersey Plan
Representation should be one per state- William Paterson.
Virginia Plan
Representation should be population based- James Madison.
Northern Colonies
Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.
Constitution
Rules and regulations forming the US government and guaranteeing rights to citizens.
Adam Smith
Scottish social philosopher and political economist, author of "The Wealth of Nations".
Northwest Territory
Set aside in 1763 for Native Americas, organized incorporated territory 1787-1803.
3/5 Compromise
Settled the issue over representatives and taxation of free and enslaved persons.
Pilgrim
Settlers who had fled the volatile political environment in England for Holland then went to the Americas, and maintained that their congregations, needed to be separated from the Church of England.
Atlantic Slave Trade
Slave trade from the 16th through to the 19th centuries.
Liberty
Social and political freedoms guaranteed to all citizens.
Conquistador
Spanish and Portuguese explorers/soldiers.
White-Superiority
The belief that Anglo-Saxon are superior to people of other racial backgrounds and that therefore whites should politically, economically, and social dominate non-whites.
Protestant
The majority of Colonial settlers were of the __________ branch of Christianity.
George Washington
Their Farewell address warned of political parties and permanent military alliances.
Abigail Adams
Their letters give eye witness accounts of the revolution and admonished the government to remember the women that helped fight for independence too.
Portuguese
Took over what is now Brazil.
French
Took over what is now Canada and most of the area west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Dutch
Took over what is now New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania.
British
Took over what is now the Eastern Seaboard of the US.
Triangle Trade
Trade among the Americas, Europe, and Africa.
Anglicization
Transplanting British society onto new regions/ peoples.
Alexander Hamilton
Wanted to establish a Bank of the US, pay off the war debt, and add tariffs.
Columbian Exchange
Widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable diseases, technology and ideas between the Americas and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Religious Toleration
Within the 1st Amendment of the Bill of Rights
The Declaration of Independence
Document declaring the 13 colonies independent from Britain and part of the new Sovereign United States of America.
Horses
Domesticated animal from Europe.
Thomas Paine
English American writer whose "Common Sense" influenced the American Revolution.
John Locke
English philosopher and physician, one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers, known as the "Father of Classical Liberalism"
Enlightenment
Era from which cultural and intellectual forces emphasized reason, analysis and individualism rather than traditional lines of authority.
Pinckney's Treaty
Established intentions of friendship between the US and Spain, defined the boundaries of the US and Spanish colonies and guaranteed US navigation rights on the Mississippi
Connecticut Compromise
Established the House of Representatives based upon population and the Senate upon equal representation- Roger Sherman.
Catholic
Excluded from most colonies those of the ____________ branch of Christianity were allowed in Maryland.
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments to the Constitution.
Huron Confederacy
Five Iroquoian-speaking nations united to solve group problems.
Great Plains
Flat land with prairie grasses, trees along rivers, elk, and bison.
Peach, pear, wheat, rice
Food from Europe/Africa/Asia to the Americas.
Tomatoes, potatoes, pumpkin, pineapple
Food from the Americas to Europe/Africa/Asia.
Voltaire
French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher, believed in the separation of church and state.
Montesquieu
French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who espoused the separation of powers.
French Revolution
Influential period of social and political upheaval that lasted from 1789 until 1799 .
Atlantic World
Interactions among the peoples/empires bordering the Atlantic Ocean rim from the 1450s on.
Shay
Led a group of rebels against Massachusetts courts and later the United States' Federal Armory in an unsuccessful attempt to seize its weaponry and overthrow the government.
Feudalism
Legal and military customs that structured society around holding land in exchange for service and labor.
Encomienda
Legal system used by the Spanish crown during colonization to regulate Native-Americans and reward Spaniards.
Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.
Proclamation of Neutrality
May 1793, declares the US stance on the issues between England and France.
Middle Colonies
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.
Hunter-Gatherer
Nomadic tribes were most or all of the food obtained is from wild plants and animals.
