biology

True

A 5% urea solution is hypotonic to a 10% urea solution.

cytoskeleton

A dense network of protein fibers called the ______ provides a framework within the cell that supports the cell interior and anchors organelles.

Cardonhydrate

A macromolecule with a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that functions in energy storage is called a _______.

Hydrolysis

A polymer can be broken down when a water molecule comes in and breaks the covalent bond between monomers in a process called_____.

amino acids

A protein chain, called a polypeptide, is composed of monomers called

Amino

A protein is composed of a long chain of monomers called _____acids.

denatured

A protein that has lost its characteristic shape and therefore its ability to function properly is said to be _____ .

shrink

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic medium will:

Monosaccharide

A type of simple carbohydrate called a simple sugar is composed of one subunit and is called a _____.

Prokaryotes

Bacteria and archaea are two types of organisms with simple cells called______.

dehydration

Biological molecules are synthesized through ____ reactions.

hydrolysis, water

Biological molecules can be broken down by _____ reactions, where a molecule of ____ breaks the bond between the monomers.

hydrolysis

Breaking the bonds between the subunits of a polymer involves _____ reactions.

monosaccharides

Carbohydrates are composed of one or more monomers called

Organic

Carbon-based molecules that are formed by living organisms and that have special attached groups are referred to as ____ molecules.

Select all of the types of proteins.

Contractile, structural, transport, defensive, enzymes.

hydrogen, oxygen

Dehydration reactions remove two ____ atoms and one _____ atom, the equivalent of a water molecule.

True

Diffusion is one of the processes whereby materials are exchanged between a cell and its environment.

Broken down

During a hydrolysis reaction, a molecule of water is______.

chromosome

Eukaryotic DNA associated with protein forms a structure called a ______ .

Nucleic

Genetic information is stored and expressed within cells by polymers called _____ acids.

True

If a cell is placed in an isotonic medium, there will be no net movement of water.

TTA-CGT-GGC-AAG Or A-T and G-C

If on strand of a DNA molecule had the sequence AAT-GCA-CCG-TTC, what would be the sequence of the other strand of DNA?

Macromolecules

Large organic molecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are collectively called _______.

1. Amino acid- protein 2. Monosaccharide-carbohydrate 3. Nucleotide-nucleic acid 4. Fatty acid-lipid

Match the monomer with the appropriate macromolecule:

Compound

Microscopes that magnify in stages using several lenses are called _____ light microscopes.

Organic molecule:

Molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen Carbohydrates are examples of this type of molecule Proteins are examples of this type of molecule Lipids are examples of this type of molecule Nucleic acids are .... Usually associated with living organisms

nucleotides

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of monomers called

Nucleic acids

Nucleotides are the monomers that make up ______.

Inorganic molecule:

Often associated with nonliving matter Salts are examples... Water is an example of ....

flattened stacks of membranes.

Organelles called Golgi bodies are:

water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmosis is best defined as the movement of:

dehydration synthesis, water

Polymers are formed by linking monomers together through ________, in which a _____ molecule is removed during the formation of a bond between monomers.

Carbohydrates

Polysaccharides are the most complex ________.

Prokaryote : has a nucleoid Eukaryote: has a nucleus, has organelles Both: has a cell membrane, contains ribosomes, has a cytoplasm

Prokaryote : has a nucleoid Eukaryote: has a nucleus, has organelles Both: has a cell membrane, contains ribosomes, has a cytoplasm

Select all of the ways that RNA differs from DNA.

RNA is a single strand of nucleotides RNA uses ribose sugar RNA uses uracil as a base

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid region, ribosomes, cell wall usually present

Select all of the features of the prokaryotic cells:

directs cell activity, stores hereditary information

Select all of the functions of the cell nucleus:

Golgi complex, peroxisome, mitochondria,

Select all of the organelles found in a typical eukaryotic cell:

Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, vesicles,

Select all of the organelles of the endomembrane system.

mitochondria, chloroplasts

Select all the organelles that play a role in energy harvest in plant cells:

Polar head with two nonpolar tails attached to it, modified fat molecules

Select all the structural characteristics of a phospholipid molecule.

molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of:

Pili

Some prokaryotic cells have ____, which are short flagella that help organisms attach to appropriate substrates.

Tertiary

The ______ structure is the final three-dimensional shape of a protein that consists of a single polypeptide.

the DNA double helix

The diagram shows:

the cell theory.

The idea that all organisms are composed of cells is called

Secondary

The initial folding of a polypeptide chain due to hydrogen bonding is called the ______ structure of a protein.

False

The molecules in a solid lump of sugar do not move.

Nucleotides

The monomer of nucleic acid is called a _______, which consists of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic nitrogen-containing base.

DNA

The nucleic acid that has a double-stranded helix structure is called ______.

Polypeptide chain

The quaternary structure of a protein forms when two or more _____ chains associate together.

Primary

The sequence of the amino acids in a polypeptide chain is called the _____ structure of a protein.

prokaryotic organisms.

The simplest cells are found in:

the nuclear envelope.

The surface of the nucleus is bounded by a double membrane called

polymers

These reactions then form a bond between monomers to create molecules called _____.

chloroplasts; mitochondria

Two organelles that are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are __________________ and __________________.

Eukaryotic

What cells contain a true nucleus?

Disaccharide

What is formed when two monosaccharides link together through dehydration synthesis?

Synthesize proteins

What is the function of ribosomes?

Chloroplast

What organelle is bounded by two membranes and is the site of photosynthesis?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What system of internal membranes within a eukaryotic cell functions in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid synthesis?

Scanning electron microscope

What type of microscope can produce a three-dimensional image of a specimen, with the resolution of .2 nanometers?

Dehydration

When a hydroxyl group (OH) is removed from one monomer and a hydrogen (H) is removed from another monomer, forming a covalent bond between the two monomers, the process is called _______ synthesis.

the dissolved sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the solution.

When sugar is mixed with water, equilibrium is reached when:

small nonpolar molecules

Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?

Monomers

_______ are subunits of macromolecules, which include proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

Flagellum

________ are long, threadlike structures on some prokaryotes that allow them to move.

base

acts to decrease the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

acid

acts to increase the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

buffer

acts to maintain a relatively stable concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Monomers

called fatty acids are linked together to form fat molecules , or lipids

DNA:

double stranded, housed within the nucleus of an animal cell, Nitrogenous bases ATGC

RNA:

single stranded, nitrogenous bases AU GC, ribose sugar within backbone