biology
True
A 5% urea solution is hypotonic to a 10% urea solution.
cytoskeleton
A dense network of protein fibers called the ______ provides a framework within the cell that supports the cell interior and anchors organelles.
Cardonhydrate
A macromolecule with a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that functions in energy storage is called a _______.
Hydrolysis
A polymer can be broken down when a water molecule comes in and breaks the covalent bond between monomers in a process called_____.
amino acids
A protein chain, called a polypeptide, is composed of monomers called
Amino
A protein is composed of a long chain of monomers called _____acids.
denatured
A protein that has lost its characteristic shape and therefore its ability to function properly is said to be _____ .
shrink
A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic medium will:
Monosaccharide
A type of simple carbohydrate called a simple sugar is composed of one subunit and is called a _____.
Prokaryotes
Bacteria and archaea are two types of organisms with simple cells called______.
dehydration
Biological molecules are synthesized through ____ reactions.
hydrolysis, water
Biological molecules can be broken down by _____ reactions, where a molecule of ____ breaks the bond between the monomers.
hydrolysis
Breaking the bonds between the subunits of a polymer involves _____ reactions.
monosaccharides
Carbohydrates are composed of one or more monomers called
Organic
Carbon-based molecules that are formed by living organisms and that have special attached groups are referred to as ____ molecules.
Select all of the types of proteins.
Contractile, structural, transport, defensive, enzymes.
hydrogen, oxygen
Dehydration reactions remove two ____ atoms and one _____ atom, the equivalent of a water molecule.
True
Diffusion is one of the processes whereby materials are exchanged between a cell and its environment.
Broken down
During a hydrolysis reaction, a molecule of water is______.
chromosome
Eukaryotic DNA associated with protein forms a structure called a ______ .
Nucleic
Genetic information is stored and expressed within cells by polymers called _____ acids.
True
If a cell is placed in an isotonic medium, there will be no net movement of water.
TTA-CGT-GGC-AAG Or A-T and G-C
If on strand of a DNA molecule had the sequence AAT-GCA-CCG-TTC, what would be the sequence of the other strand of DNA?
Macromolecules
Large organic molecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are collectively called _______.
1. Amino acid- protein 2. Monosaccharide-carbohydrate 3. Nucleotide-nucleic acid 4. Fatty acid-lipid
Match the monomer with the appropriate macromolecule:
Compound
Microscopes that magnify in stages using several lenses are called _____ light microscopes.
Organic molecule:
Molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen Carbohydrates are examples of this type of molecule Proteins are examples of this type of molecule Lipids are examples of this type of molecule Nucleic acids are .... Usually associated with living organisms
nucleotides
Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of monomers called
Nucleic acids
Nucleotides are the monomers that make up ______.
Inorganic molecule:
Often associated with nonliving matter Salts are examples... Water is an example of ....
flattened stacks of membranes.
Organelles called Golgi bodies are:
water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis is best defined as the movement of:
dehydration synthesis, water
Polymers are formed by linking monomers together through ________, in which a _____ molecule is removed during the formation of a bond between monomers.
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides are the most complex ________.
Prokaryote : has a nucleoid Eukaryote: has a nucleus, has organelles Both: has a cell membrane, contains ribosomes, has a cytoplasm
Prokaryote : has a nucleoid Eukaryote: has a nucleus, has organelles Both: has a cell membrane, contains ribosomes, has a cytoplasm
Select all of the ways that RNA differs from DNA.
RNA is a single strand of nucleotides RNA uses ribose sugar RNA uses uracil as a base
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid region, ribosomes, cell wall usually present
Select all of the features of the prokaryotic cells:
directs cell activity, stores hereditary information
Select all of the functions of the cell nucleus:
Golgi complex, peroxisome, mitochondria,
Select all of the organelles found in a typical eukaryotic cell:
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, vesicles,
Select all of the organelles of the endomembrane system.
mitochondria, chloroplasts
Select all the organelles that play a role in energy harvest in plant cells:
Polar head with two nonpolar tails attached to it, modified fat molecules
Select all the structural characteristics of a phospholipid molecule.
molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of:
Pili
Some prokaryotic cells have ____, which are short flagella that help organisms attach to appropriate substrates.
Tertiary
The ______ structure is the final three-dimensional shape of a protein that consists of a single polypeptide.
the DNA double helix
The diagram shows:
the cell theory.
The idea that all organisms are composed of cells is called
Secondary
The initial folding of a polypeptide chain due to hydrogen bonding is called the ______ structure of a protein.
False
The molecules in a solid lump of sugar do not move.
Nucleotides
The monomer of nucleic acid is called a _______, which consists of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic nitrogen-containing base.
DNA
The nucleic acid that has a double-stranded helix structure is called ______.
Polypeptide chain
The quaternary structure of a protein forms when two or more _____ chains associate together.
Primary
The sequence of the amino acids in a polypeptide chain is called the _____ structure of a protein.
prokaryotic organisms.
The simplest cells are found in:
the nuclear envelope.
The surface of the nucleus is bounded by a double membrane called
polymers
These reactions then form a bond between monomers to create molecules called _____.
chloroplasts; mitochondria
Two organelles that are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are __________________ and __________________.
Eukaryotic
What cells contain a true nucleus?
Disaccharide
What is formed when two monosaccharides link together through dehydration synthesis?
Synthesize proteins
What is the function of ribosomes?
Chloroplast
What organelle is bounded by two membranes and is the site of photosynthesis?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What system of internal membranes within a eukaryotic cell functions in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid synthesis?
Scanning electron microscope
What type of microscope can produce a three-dimensional image of a specimen, with the resolution of .2 nanometers?
Dehydration
When a hydroxyl group (OH) is removed from one monomer and a hydrogen (H) is removed from another monomer, forming a covalent bond between the two monomers, the process is called _______ synthesis.
the dissolved sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the solution.
When sugar is mixed with water, equilibrium is reached when:
small nonpolar molecules
Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?
Monomers
_______ are subunits of macromolecules, which include proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids.
Flagellum
________ are long, threadlike structures on some prokaryotes that allow them to move.
base
acts to decrease the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
acid
acts to increase the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
buffer
acts to maintain a relatively stable concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Monomers
called fatty acids are linked together to form fat molecules , or lipids
DNA:
double stranded, housed within the nucleus of an animal cell, Nitrogenous bases ATGC
RNA:
single stranded, nitrogenous bases AU GC, ribose sugar within backbone