APUSH test five

Pessy vs. Ferguson

"Separate but equal", a black man sat in the white only section

Green Back Labor Party

"Soft-money" third party that polled over a million votes and elected fourteen congressmen in 1878 by advocating inflation

gilded

"covered with gold" lots of bribery, stealing from taxpayers, loyalty to political parties

Laissez-faire

"hands off", doesn't end up working that way because the government wants railroads to do well so they get super into it

Anti-Trust Act 1890

1st federal law that outlawed monopolistic business practices, prohibited trusts (not enforced well)

1900s railroad

200,000 miles of track

William Tweed

A corrupt political boss in New York City. helped out immigrants in exchange for a vote

President Ulysses S. Grant

A mediocre president with an awful administration

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.

Hellen Hunt Jackson

A writer of "A Century of Dishonor" which gives an account of government injustices to the Indians.

"New South"

After the Civil War, southerners promoted a new vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. Henry Grady played an important role.

"waving the bloody shirt"

An expression used as a vote getting stratagem by the Republicans during the election of 1876 to offset charges of corruption by blaming the Civil War on the Democrats.

Brooker T. Washington

Believed that self help was the best plan for African Americans, and that racism only existed because of slavery

Stalwarts and Half-Breeds

Conservatives of the Republican Party that opposed the existing patronage and opposed friendly relations between the North and South; The more liberal Republicans and wanted reforms of patronage under Rutherford B. Hayes. Patronage is rotation of office.

yellow dog contract

Contracts some employers forced workers to sign that made the workers promise not to join a union

Populist Party

Farmer based party, touching on debt and economy issues of the common man/farmer

election of 1884

Grover Cleveland won the 1884 presidential election. (p. 383)

Election of 1876/Compromise of 1877

Hayes promised to show concern for Southern interests and end Reconstruction in exchange for the Democrats accepting the fraudulent election results. He took Union troops out of the South. (messes with voting rights)

James Weaver

He was the Populist candidate for president in the election of 1892; received only 8.2% of the vote. He was from the West.

Duke & American Tobacco Company

Killing it, lots of company towns

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

election of 1896

McKinley (Rep) defeats Bryan (Dem)

Horizontal Integration/Trust

Monopoly, one person owning all of the competition (not supposed to exist in capitalism)

Suppressing the vote

People in some states were required to pass a literacy test to be able to vote, you have to pay to vote, your grandparents had to have the ability to vote (hard for former slaves)

Jacob Coxey

Populist who led Coxey's Army in a march on DC to seek government jobs for the unemployed. like no one shows up, they're arrested for walking on grass

depression of 1893

Profits dwindled, businesses went bankrupt and slid into debt. Caused loss of business confidence. 20% of the workforce unemployed. Let to the Pullman strike.

Mugwumps

Republicans who didn't vote republican

Redeemers

Southern Democratic politicians who sought to wrest control from Republican regimes in the South after Reconstruction.

Garfield/Arthur

Spoils system is brought back momentarily eventually Garfield is shot and killed

Rockefeller

Standard Oil, started making oil for lamps but makes fortune off making gasoline

Socail Gospel

a movement that urged Christians to social service

Assimilation

absorbing natives into white culture (160 acres for a family 80 for single men) not a good plan like at all and the land sucked (the children go in boarding schools)

Mary E. Lease

advocates for farmers

Ida Well

an African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist, Georgist, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement.

Long term industrial impact

better standard of living, immigration increased, deflation, factory jobs less farming, public transport, skyscrapers, national parks invented

Carnegie

born poor and used education to get ahead in life. Made his fortune in steel but donates 80% of his money mainly to build libraries

J.P. Morgan

buys Carnegie steel and turns it into the first billion dollar company, U.S. Steel

Industrial rev. and farming

combine is made, people buy it and then get stuck in debt oversupply doesn't help (no tractors yet)

Company towns

communities in which residents rely upon one company for jobs, housing, and buying goods (paid in fake money only worth something in the town) mainly in south

Cow boy is short lived bc

companies buy up tons of land so free range doesn't work well and railroads mess everything up

Du Bois

disagreed with Brooker, believe racism was because of skin color not slavery

labor union

fight for an 8-hour work day to make a livable wadge, big strikes expectantly with railroads

Billion dollar congress

gave pensions to Civil War veterans, increased government silver purchases, and passed McKinley Tariff Act of 1890

1880s immigration and 1890s

half a million immigrants to a million

Tariff increases

half breeds want to lowers it and keep it low while stalwarts want to raise it to increase profit

Jane Aadams & Hull House

helped people adjust to america

1862 Homestead Act

helped to encourage Westerners to be loyal to the Union.

gospil of wealth

idea that you should use your wealth to help those in need

dime novels

inexpensive paperback novels of the nineteenth century

Ferris wheel

invented in Chicago as entertainment stuff increases

women roles/beauty standards

jobs open up kinda, nursing, elementary teaching, secretaries. "Women should be squishy"-Mr. Aaman

key factors in industrial growth

liquid capital, natural resources, immigration, industrial technology

Culture conflict with natives

natives are concentrated into small lands (Sioux) and people are mining in the black hills (important land to natives)

Vertical Integration

no middle man, Ex. carnage buying coal mines o he doesn't have to pay for coal profit margins

James J Hil

northern railroad, turns chicago into modern chicago

Crash of 73'

overproduction caused 15,000 businesses to fail, Banks are required to have gold on hand to exchange for cash so they can only have as much cash as gold

"boom town"

people flood a town mine then abandon it

most people fail in railroad because...

people invested an insane amount of money into it and if you pick the wrong spots for the track you're stuck with debt

Pinkerton

people who would 'spy' on workers to keep strikes from happening

Pendleton Act

reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission

Wabash vs. Illinois

says that everyone pays the same amount for their products on the railroads, super weak law because the gov really wants the railroad to do well

Fredrick Jackson Turner's Frontier Thesis

says west is done, no more farm land (not necessarily true) freaks out Americans

Twin cities immigration

shipped wheat and flour to Warsaw and were sent back immigrants looking to work

"cross of gold"

speech my Bryan saying $ people are running the gov

Andrew Carnegie and steel improving

steel is improved by blasting cold air at it while it's melted and Carnegie RUNS with is and became mega rich, "steel is king"

heavily debated topics

tariff, civil service reform, veterans benefits, backing the dollar with silver/gold (kinda a weird list)

civil war and industrial growth

they had to meet the demand following the civil war, increasing manufacturing

Carrie Nation

to outlaw selling/drinking alcohol. She was married to an abusive man that she killed with an axe and she didn't get punished for it. She formed a group that walked into bars with axes.

populist party pt. 2

trying to grow so they attempt to connect to the factory worker fighting for 8 hour work day