APUSH Unit 3 Exam Review

What was the primary intention of the Adams administration in enforcing the Sedition Act?

To intimidate critics of Adams' foreign policy toward France and England

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification of the Constitution only after

they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification

France decided to aid the North American colonies in their war for independence primarily because France

wanted to weaken the British empire

The Sons of Liberty initiated the Boston Tea Party in direct response to

British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy

Which of the following contributed most directly to the change in the number of Africans transported to the New World after 1800?

The outlawing of the international slave trade by Great Britain and the United States

The Federalist papers were written in order to

attain ratification of the Constitution

The concept of republican motherhood includes the idea that women should

be educated to raise their children to be good citizens

The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EXCEPT

call for the abolition of the slave trade

"We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . . "We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death. "In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms." Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775 Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to challenge the assertion in the excerpt that British attacks on the colonists had been "unprovoked"?

A series of popular boycotts, mob protests, and violence against royal officials

Thomas Jefferson believed all of the following EXCEPT:

A strong national army is essential to keep order in the United States.

The petition of a great number of blacks detained in a state of slavery in the bowels of a free and Christian country humbly showeth that...they have in common with all other men a natural and inalienable right to that freedom which the Great Parent of the Universe has bestowed equally on all mankind and which they have never forfeited by any compact or agreement whatever.... "[E]very principle from which America has acted in the course of their unhappy difficulties with Great Britain pleads stronger than a thousand arguments in favor of your petitioners. They therefore humbly beseech your honors to give this petition its due weight and consideration and cause an act of the legislature to be passed whereby they may be restored to the enjoyments of that which is the natural right of all men." Petition for freedom to the Massachusetts Council and the House of Representatives for the State of Massachusetts, January 1777 Which of the following most likely helped to prompt the petition in the excerpt?

American colonists' declaration of independence from Britain

Which of the following contributed most to the American Victory in the Revolution?

French military and financial assistance

"May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 Which of the following contributed most directly to the enactment of the law in the excerpt?

Debates over how Britain's colonies should bear the cost of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)

Shays' Rebellion reflected which of the following tensions in United States society during the 1780s?

Economic frustration of New England farmers who had trouble paying debts in hard currency

"[George] Washington's gratitude was genuine . . . but the fact remains that the members of the association, who had embarked on a very unfeminine enterprise, were ultimately deflected into a traditional domestic role.... Ironically and symbolically, the Philadelphia women of 1780, who had tried to establish an unprecedented nationwide female organization, ended up as what one amused historian has termed 'General Washington's Sewing Circle.' "Male Revolutionary leaders too regarded women's efforts with wry condescension. . . . The women, on the other hand,... could reflect proudly that 'whilst our friends were exposed to the hardships and dangers of the fields of war for our protection, we were exerting at home our little labours to administer to their comfort and alleviate their toil.'" Mary Beth Norton, historian, "The Philadelphia Ladies Association," American Heritage, 1980 The women described in the excerpt would have most typically engaged in which of the following activities during the Revolutionary era?

Producing goods for the Patriot cause

"As its preamble promised, the Constitution would 'ensure domestic tranquility' by allowing the federal government to field an army powerful enough to suppress rebellions like those that had flared up in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and other states. Even more important, the Constitution would 'establish justice' by preventing the state assemblies from adopting relief measures that screened their citizens from either their Continental taxes or their private debts. . . . Excoriating [harshly criticizing] the legislatures for collecting too little money from taxpayers, the bondholders and their sympathizers noted with approval that the Constitution would take the business of collecting federal taxes away from the states and place it firmly in the hands of a powerful new national government." Woody Holton, historian, "'From the Labours of Others': The War Bonds Controversy and the Origins of the Constitution in New England," William and Mary Quarterly, 2004 Which of the following most directly resulted from concerns over the increased power of the federal government in the late 1700s?

Rebellions over the right to tax goods, such as the Whiskey Rebellion

"What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington." John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s?

Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies

All of the following groups of non-English colonists migrated into the British North American colonies in large numbers throughout the eighteenth century EXCEPT

Russians

A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts." Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above?

Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.

"That a British and American legislature, for regulating the administration of the general affairs of America, be proposed and established in America, including all the said colonies; within, and under which government, each colony shall retain its present constitution, and powers of regulating and governing its own internal police, in all cases whatsoever. "That the said government be administered by a President General, to be appointed by the King and a Grand Council, to be chosen by the representatives of the people of the several colonies, in their respective assemblies, once in every three years." Joseph Galloway, "A Plan of a Proposed Union Between Great Britain and the Colonies," proposal debated by the First Continental Congress, 1774 The excerpt most strongly suggests that in 1774 which of the following was correct?

Some members of the First Continental Congress sought a compromise between submission to British authority and independence

Which statement is true of the United States Constitution?

The Constitution's checks and balances helped establish a stable government.

I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, that the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious [untrue] than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty. But even this is admitting more than is true, for I answer roundly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had any thing to do with her. . . . "But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families. . . . Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America. This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe. Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Paine's argument best provides evidence for which of the following developments resulting from the American Revolution?

The emergence of a unique American national identity separate from that of Europe

"The Anti-Federalists charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon them under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." Cecelia M. Kenyon, historian, "Men of Little Faith: The Anti-Federalists on the Nature of Representative Government," 1955 The Anti-Federalists' view of government power during the 1780s, as described in the excerpt, is best reflected by which of the following?

The existence of many state constitutions that limited executive authority

Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense attacked which of the following?

The king of England and the principle of monarchy

"Thus, fellow citizens, have I pointed out what I thought necessary to be amended in our Federal Constitution. I beg you to call to mind our glorious Declaration of Independence, read it, and compare it with the Federal Constitution; what a degree of apostacy will you not then discover. Therefore, guard against all encroachments upon your liberties so dearly purchased with the costly expense of blood and treasure." A Georgian, Gazette of the State of Georgia, November 15, 1787 Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the views expressed in the excerpt?

The fear of excessive centralized authority

"[George] Washington's gratitude was genuine . . . but the fact remains that the members of the association, who had embarked on a very unfeminine enterprise, were ultimately deflected into a traditional domestic role.... Ironically and symbolically, the Philadelphia women of 1780, who had tried to establish an unprecedented nationwide female organization, ended up as what one amused historian has termed 'General Washington's Sewing Circle.' "Male Revolutionary leaders too regarded women's efforts with wry condescension. . . . The women, on the other hand,... could reflect proudly that 'whilst our friends were exposed to the hardships and dangers of the fields of war for our protection, we were exerting at home our little labours to administer to their comfort and alleviate their toil.'" Mary Beth Norton, historian, "The Philadelphia Ladies Association," American Heritage, 1980 During and immediately after the Revolutionary era, which of the following resulted most directly from the efforts of women such as those described in the excerpt?

The ideal that women would teach republican values

In which of the following ways did slavery change in the late 1700s?

The ideals of the American Revolution prompted some individuals and groups to call for the abolition of slavery.

"We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . . "We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death. "In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms." Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775 Which of the following most immediately built on the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

The publication of the pamphlet Common Sense

"The petition of a great number of blacks detained in a state of slavery in the bowels of a free and Christian country humbly showeth that...they have in common with all other men a natural and inalienable right to that freedom which the Great Parent of the Universe has bestowed equally on all mankind and which they have never forfeited by any compact or agreement whatever.... "[E]very principle from which America has acted in the course of their unhappy difficulties with Great Britain pleads stronger than a thousand arguments in favor of your petitioners. They therefore humbly beseech your honors to give this petition its due weight and consideration and cause an act of the legislature to be passed whereby they may be restored to the enjoyments of that which is the natural right of all men." Petition for freedom to the Massachusetts Council and the House of Representatives for the State of Massachusetts, January 1777 Which of the following developments from the 1800s emerged from ideas most similar to those expressed in the excerpt?

The ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

"As its preamble promised, the Constitution would 'ensure domestic tranquility' by allowing the federal government to field an army powerful enough to suppress rebellions like those that had flared up in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and other states. Even more important, the Constitution would 'establish justice' by preventing the state assemblies from adopting relief measures that screened their citizens from either their Continental taxes or their private debts. . . . Excoriating [harshly criticizing] the legislatures for collecting too little money from taxpayers, the bondholders and their sympathizers noted with approval that the Constitution would take the business of collecting federal taxes away from the states and place it firmly in the hands of a powerful new national government." Woody Holton, historian, "'From the Labours of Others': The War Bonds Controversy and the Origins of the Constitution in New England," William and Mary Quarterly, 2004 Which of the following issues did the framers of the United States Constitution most directly address?

The strengthening of central government powers

"I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, that the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious [untrue] than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty. But even this is admitting more than is true, for I answer roundly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had any thing to do with her. . . . "But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families. . . . Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America. This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe. Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 The ideas expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following historical processes?

The transmission of Enlightenment ideals across the Atlantic

May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 Which of the following was the American colonists' immediate response to the attempts of the British Parliament to enforce the claims made in the excerpt?

They initiated boycotts of imported British goods.

"His Catholic Majesty [of Spain] and the United States of America desiring to consolidate on a permanent basis the Friendship and good correspondence which happily prevails between the two Parties, have determined to establish by a convention several points. . . . "Article IV "It is likewise agreed that the Western boundary of the United States which separates them from the Spanish Colony of Louisiana, is in the middle of the channel or bed of the River Mississippi . . . ; and his Catholic Majesty has likewise agreed that the navigation of the said River in its whole breadth from its source to the Ocean shall be free only to his Subjects, and the Citizens of the United States, unless he should extend this privilege to the Subjects of other Powers by special convention. . . . "Article XXII "The two high contracting Parties hoping that the good correspondence and friendship which happily reigns between them will be further increased by this Treaty, and that it will contribute to augment their prosperity and opulence, will in future give to their mutual commerce all the extension and favor which the advantage of both Countries may require; . . . his Catholic Majesty will permit the Citizens of the United States for the space of three years from this time to deposit their merchandise and effects in the Port of New Orleans." Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States, known as Pinckney's Treaty or the Treaty of San Lorenzo, 1795 Which of the following groups would have most likely supported the agreements made in the excerpt?

White farmers in Kentucky

"The Anti-Federalists charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon them under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." Cecelia M. Kenyon, historian, "Men of Little Faith: The Anti-Federalists on the Nature of Representative Government," 1955 During the constitutional ratification process, Anti-Federalists' concerns, as described in the excerpt, were most directly addressed by an agreement to

adopt the Bill of Rights

Pinckney's Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington's administration because it

allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans

"Thus, fellow citizens, have I pointed out what I thought necessary to be amended in our Federal Constitution. I beg you to call to mind our glorious Declaration of Independence, read it, and compare it with the Federal Constitution; what a degree of apostacy will you not then discover. Therefore, guard against all encroachments upon your liberties so dearly purchased with the costly expense of blood and treasure." A Georgian, Gazette of the State of Georgia, November 15, 1787 The opinion expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been held by

an Anti-Federalist

"We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . . "We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death. "In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms." Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775 The British Crown's response to actions like those in the excerpt was to

declare the American colonies to be in open rebellion

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 did all of the following EXCEPT

determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights

President George Washington's Farewell Address set a course for the nation by

discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations

Alexander Hamilton's financial program was most favorable to

eastern merchants

We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . . "We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death. "In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms." Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775 The issuing of the declaration in the excerpt best serves as evidence of the

efforts of colonists to protect their rights as English subjects

To make the new government viable, the first Congress of the United States did all of the following EXCEPT

grant subsidies to encourage industrial development

"I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, that the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious [untrue] than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty. But even this is admitting more than is true, for I answer roundly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had any thing to do with her. . . . "But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families. . . . Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America. This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe. Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Paine's rhetoric in the excerpt would have most likely been interpreted at the time as promoting the

independence of the American colonies

"That a British and American legislature, for regulating the administration of the general affairs of America, be proposed and established in America, including all the said colonies; within, and under which government, each colony shall retain its present constitution, and powers of regulating and governing its own internal police, in all cases whatsoever. "That the said government be administered by a President General, to be appointed by the King and a Grand Council, to be chosen by the representatives of the people of the several colonies, in their respective assemblies, once in every three years." Joseph Galloway, "A Plan of a Proposed Union Between Great Britain and the Colonies," proposal debated by the First Continental Congress, 1774 The key concern that Galloway's plan was designed to address was the

lack of American representation in the British Parliament

Under the Articles of Confederation the United States central government had no power to

levy taxes

The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT

nullification of all private debts to the states

"For the increase of shipping... from thenceforward, no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands, islands, plantations, or territories to his Majesty belonging... but in ships or vessels as do... belong only to the people of England... and whereof the master and three-fourths of the mariners at least are English.... "And it is further enacted... that... no sugars, tobacco, cottonwool, indigos, ginger, fustic, or other dyeing wood, of the growth, production, or manufacture of any English plantations in America, Asia, or Africa, shall be... transported from any of the said English plantations [colonies] to any land... other than to such other English plantations as do belong to his Majesty." English Parliament, Navigation Act of 1660 In the 1760s many English colonists in North America reacted to imperial governance by

protesting a lack of representation in Parliament

The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to

provide for statehood for western territories

The role of women expressed in the cult of domesticity had its roots in

republican motherhood

After the French and Indian War, British political leaders were determined to

require the North American colonies to pay a greater share of the empire's administrative expenses

"The Anti-Federalists charged that the authors of the Constitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon them under the provisions of the new Constitution.... But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide." Cecelia M. Kenyon, historian, "Men of Little Faith: The Anti-Federalists on the Nature of Representative Government," 1955 By the 1790s the ideas of the Anti-Federalists contributed most directly to the

resistance of western farmers to federal oversight

British colonists in North America objected to the Stamp Act primarily because it

taxed them without their consent

In the eighteenth century, British colonists wishing to settle west of the Appalachians were principally motivated by

the low price and easy availability of land

By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in

the people