APUSH Unit 4.1 - 4.4 : Topic Questions - AP Classroom
"To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: "WHEREAS it is declared by the act entitled 'An act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States, against the Tripolitan cruisers,' That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States, as may be judged requisite by the President of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof, on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas: and also, that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruct the commanders of the respective public vessels, to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey [Sultan] of Tripoli [in North Africa], or to his subjects. "THEREFORE, And in pursuance of the said statute, you are hereby authorized and directed to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law. "By command of the President of the United States of America." Thomas Jefferson, 1802 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following? A. The creation of the Monroe Doctrine B. The approval of the Louisiana Purchase C. The abolition of the international slave trade D. The passage of the Missouri Compromise
A. The creation of the Monroe Doctrine
"A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges possessed by the existing bank are unauthorized by the Constitution, subversive of the rights of the States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people, I felt it my duty at an early period of my Administration to call the attention of Congress to the practicability of organizing an institution combining all its advantages and obviating [removing] these objections. I sincerely regret that in the act before me I can perceive none of those modifications of the bank charter which are necessary, in my opinion, to make it compatible with justice, with sound policy, or with the Constitution of our country. . . . "Experience should teach us wisdom. Most of the difficulties our Government now encounters and most of the dangers which impend over our Union have sprung from an abandonment of the legitimate objects of Government by our national legislation. . . . Many of our rich men have not been content with equal protection and equal benefits, but have besought us to make them richer by act of Congress. By attempting to gratify their desires we have in the results of our legislation arrayed section against section, interest against interest, and man against man, in a fearful commotion which threatens to shake the foundations of our Union." President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments during the first half of the nineteenth century? A. The formation of new political parties B. The establishment of abolitionist groups C. The increase of immigration from Europe D. The emergence of regional cultures
A. The formation of new political parties
"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s? A. The political debates over economic development B. The lives of women working in new factories C. The effects of new technologies on commerce D. The value of British-manufactured imports
A. The political debates over economic development
"To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: "WHEREAS it is declared by the act entitled 'An act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States, against the Tripolitan cruisers,' That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States, as may be judged requisite by the President of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof, on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas: and also, that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruct the commanders of the respective public vessels, to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey [Sultan] of Tripoli [in North Africa], or to his subjects. "THEREFORE, And in pursuance of the said statute, you are hereby authorized and directed to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law. "By command of the President of the United States of America." Thomas Jefferson, 1802 President Jefferson sought the protections described in the excerpt most likely for the purpose of A. establishing trade routes B. enlarging the size of the navy C. supporting alliances with European nations D. creating United States colonies
A. establishing trade routes
"The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . to consult together, upon the duty of making more united, systematic, and extended efforts for the prevention of this evil. Its cause was at once seen to be, the use of intoxicating liquor; and its appropriate remedy, abstinence. It was also known, that the use of such liquor, as a beverage, is not only needless, but injurious to the health, the virtue, and the happiness of men. It was believed, that the facts which had been . . . collected would prove this . . . ; and that if the knowledge of them were universally disseminated it would, with the divine blessing, do much toward changing the habits of the nation. . . . [The American Temperance Society's] object is . . . the exertion of kind moral influence . . . to effect such a change of sentiment and practice, that drunkenness and all its evils will cease." Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 The sentiments described in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments? A. The use of public protest to effect social change in the antebellum period B. The emergence of reform movements during the Second Great Awakening C. The establishment of trade relationships with East Asia D. The expansion of United States control over territory held by American Indians
B. The emergence of reform movements during the Second Great Awakening
"Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. "Congress may sever from the United States territory not heretofore within the United States, with consent of a majority of the free males above 21 years, inhabiting such territory." James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Which of the following best describes the historical situation in which the amendment was proposed? A. The Anti-Federalists sought to add a bill of rights to the Constitution B. The federal government sought to acquire more western land in North America C. The United States sought to forcibly remove American Indians from their homelands D. The Constitutional Convention sought to establish the separation of powers between branches of government
B. The federal government sought to acquire more western land in North America
"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following was an interpretation of the speech by opponents of the goals Clay expressed in the excerpt? A. Clay was seeking to discourage factory production to protect traditional artisans B. Clay's proposal would require the expansion of slavery to supply factory workers C. Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others D. Clay was seeking to encourage an increase in imports of British manufactured goods
C. Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others
"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following describes an interpretation of Clay's economic principles at the time as expressed in the excerpt? A. The sections of the United States should retain separate regional economies B. The farmers of the United States should switch to manufacturing jobs C. The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity D. The United States should never engage in foreign commerce
C. The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity
"Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. "Congress may sever from the United States territory not heretofore within the United States, with consent of a majority of the free males above 21 years, inhabiting such territory." James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Which of the following best describes a major purpose of the proposed amendment? A. To strengthen the United States alliance with France B. To give individual states the legal right to secede from the Union C. To give Congress additional constitutional powers D. To give the president more control over negotiating treaties
C. To give Congress additional constitutional powers
"To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: "WHEREAS it is declared by the act entitled 'An act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States, against the Tripolitan cruisers,' That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States, as may be judged requisite by the President of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof, on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas: and also, that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruct the commanders of the respective public vessels, to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey [Sultan] of Tripoli [in North Africa], or to his subjects. "THEREFORE, And in pursuance of the said statute, you are hereby authorized and directed to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law. "By command of the President of the United States of America." Thomas Jefferson, 1802 The rhetorical purpose expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following? A. Expanding suffrage rights to all White men B. Challenging Great Britain's control of Canada C. Using international commerce to expand United States influence D. Investing in technology to make ocean voyages faster
C. Using commerce to expand United States influence
"Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. "Congress may sever from the United States territory not heretofore within the United States, with consent of a majority of the free males above 21 years, inhabiting such territory." James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Which of the following groups would mostly likely have supported this proposed amendment? A. Proponents of the supremacy of federal laws over state laws B. Proponents of the expansion of the executive branch powers under the Constitution C. Advocates of the power of the Supreme Court to review federal laws D. Advocates of limiting federal powers to those specifically written into the Constitution
D. Advocates of limiting federal powers to those specifically written into the Constitution
"Not far from this time Nat Turner's insurrection [a slave rebellion] broke out; and the news threw our town into great commotion. . . . "It was always the custom to have a muster every year. On that occasion every White man shouldered his musket. The citizens and the so-called country gentlemen wore military uniforms. . . . "I knew the houses were to be searched; and I expected it would be done by country bullies and the poor Whites. . . . "It was a grand opportunity for the low Whites, who had no Negroes of their own to scourge. They exulted in such a chance to exercise a little brief authority, and show their subserviency to the slaveholders; not reflecting that the power which trampled on the colored people also kept themselves in poverty, ignorance, and moral degradation. . . . Colored people and slaves who lived in remote parts of the town suffered in an especial manner. In some cases the searchers scattered [gun]powder and shot among their clothes, and then sent other parties to find them, and bring them forward as proof that they were plotting insurrection." Harriet Ann Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861, describing events earlier in the nineteenth century The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments? A. The establishment of tariffs on textiles to protect domestic cotton production B. The emergence of an abolitionist movement during the Second Great Awakening C. The increase of prosperity caused by the production of manufactured goods D. The development of regional cultures increasingly defined by the presence of enslaved people
D. The development of regional cultures increasingly defined by the presence of enslaved people