ARCH241: CH. 8

sand-struck brick, sand-mold brick

A brick made in a mold that was wetted and then dusted with sand before the clay was placed in it

masonry unit

A brick, stone, concrete block, glass block, or hollow clay tile in- tended to be laid in mortar

quoin

A corner reinforcing of cut stone or bricks in a masonry wall, usually done for decorative effect

tie

A device for holding two parts of a construction together; a structural device that acts in tension

portland cement

A gray or white pow- der, composed principally of calcium sili- cates, which, when combined with water, hydrates to form the binder in concrete, mortar, and stucco

masonry cement

A hydraulic cement made from a blend of portland cement, lime and other dry admixtures designed to increase the workability of the mortar

periodic kiln

A kiln that is loaded and fired in discrete batches, as differentiated from a tunnel kiln, which is operated continuously

tunnel kiln

A kiln through which clay products are passed on railroad cars

low-lift grouting

A method of con- structing a reinforced masonry wall in which the reinforcing bars are embedded in grout in increments not higher than 4 feet

high-lift grouting

A method of con- structing a reinforced masonry wall in which the reinforcing bars are embedded in grout in story-high increments

lime

A nonhydraulic cementitious material, used as an ingredient in mor- tars and plasters

extended-life admixture

A substance that retards the onset of the curing re- action in mortar so that the mortar may be used over a protracted period of time after mixing

mortar

A substance used to join mason- ry units, consisting of cementitious ma- terials, fine aggregate, and water

water smoking & dehydration

First stage of burning in a kiln: The process of applying heat to evaporate the last water from clay products before they are fired

self-consolidating grout

Grout formulated o that it is highly flowable

grout

Grout is a mixture of portland cement, aggregate, and water

blended hydraulic cement

Hydraulic cement made from a mixture of cementitious materials such as portland cement, other hydraulic cements, and pozzolans for the purpose of altering one or more properties of the cement or reducing the energy required in the cement manufacturing process

mortar cement

In masonry, a blend of portland cement, lime, and other additives, that produces mortar comparable in its bond strength properties to cement lime mortar

aggregate

Inert particles, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or expanded minerals, in a concrete, mortar, or plaster

structural bond

The interlocking pattern of masonry units used to tie two or more wythes together in a wall

water table

The level at which the pres- sure of water in the soil is equal to the at- mospheric pressure; effectively, the level to which groundwater will fill an excava- tion; a wood molding or shaped brick used to make a transition between a thick- er foundation and the wall above

hydration

The process by which ce- ments combine chemically with water to harden

carbonation

The process by which lime mortar reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide to cure

vitrification

The process of transforming a material into a glassy substance by means of heat

spandrel

The wall area between the head of a window on one story and the sill of a window on the floor above; the area of a wall between adjacent arches

clamp

Traditional stacking method of firing brick without kiln

air entraining admixture

an additive that results in a a higher air content in the cured mortar than cement lime mortar; reduces the bond strength btw the mortar and masonry unit meaning the strength of the wall is reduced and the wall is more permeable to water

line block

blocks at each end to locate the end of the line precisely at the top of each course of bricks

lay to the line

bricks btw leads are laid to a line a heavy string stretched taut btw line blocks as each head

solid unit

can be solid, cored or frogged (cored and frogged bricks are considered solid as long as they remain at least 75% solid)

course

continuous horizontal range (layer) of masonry units

wythe

continuous vertical section of one unit thickness (single-wythe, double-wythe, etc.)

chippage

extent of physical damage to face or visible corners

coursebed joint

foundation of brick layers

bed joint

horizontal joint between 2 Courses

muriatic acid

hydrochloric acid) and rinsing with water to remove mortar stains from the faces of the bricks

facing brick

intended for both structural and nonstructural uses where appearance is important

rowlock

is a brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the shorter end exposed

soldier

is a brick laid vertically with the longer edge face exposed

header

masonry unit laid horizontally with a shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface

stretcher

masonry unit laid horizontally with longer edge exposed or parallel o the surface

cavity wall

prevents water from reaching the interior of the building by interposing a hollow space between the outside and inside wythes of the wall

proportion specification

quantities of ingredients used to prepare the mix are specified

story pole

that is marked with the course heights is used to establish accurate course heights in the leads

property specification

the compressive strength in other properties of the hardened mortar as determined by lab testing are defined

lead

the construction of a brick wall begins with the laying of leads leads establish wall plane and course height

trowel

used to apply mortar or plaster

building brick

used where appearance does not matter, such as in backup wythes of masonry that will be concealed in the finished work

collar joint

vertical joint between 2 Wythes

head joint

vertical joint between 2 units

common bond

Brickwork laid with five courses of stretchers followed by one course of headers

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials, an organization that promulgates standards for testing, materials, and methods of building construction

barrel vault

An arch translated along a line perpendicular to its plane

cleanout hole

An opening at the base of a masonry wall through which mortar droppings and other debris can be re- moved prior to grouting the interior cav- ity of the wall

RBM Reinforced brick masonry

Analogous to reinforced concrete con- struction

water-struck brick

Bricks w/a relatively smooth dense surface

nonhydraulic cement

Cementitious materials, such as gypsum and lime, that remain water soluble after curing

rough arch

Depends on wedge-shaped mortar joints for its cur vature, is therefore much more usual in today s buildings

gauged brick

Each brick is rubbed to the required wedge shape on an abrasive stone, which is laborious and expensive

soft mud process

Making bricks by pressing wet clay into molds

lime mortar

Masonry mortar made from a mix of lime, sand, and water; used principally in the restoration of historic structures

hydraulic cement

Modern masonry mortars are made w/ hydraulic cements; blends of portland cement with other cementitious materials such as blast furnace slag that hardens by reacting with water and whose hardened products are not water soluble. Nonhydraulic cements, such as lime, can also be mixed with poz- zolans to create cements with hydraulic properties.

cement lime mortar

Most characteristic type of mortar; Mortar made from portland cement, hydrated lime, aggre- gate, and water, the most traditional for- mulation of modern masonry mortars

stiff mud process

Most common used today btw 12-15% water Is passed through a vacuum to remove air pockets and extorted through rectangular die and then sliced into bricks by machine cutter

clinker brick

Often overturned and distorted making them unattractive and therefore unsuitable for use in exposed brick

quicklime

Produced by burning calci- um carbonate found in limestone or sea shells; once hydrated, used as an ingredi- ent in mortars and plasters; chemically, calcium oxide

oxidation & vitrification

Second stage of burning in kiln: The process of transforming a material into ceramic material by means of heat temperature rises to 1800-2400 fahrenheit

centering

Temporary formwork for an arch, dome, or vault

hollow brick

Up to 60% void and are used primarily to enable the insertion and grouting of steel reinforcing bars in single wythes of brickwork

dry-press process

Used for clay that shrinks excessively during drying

paving brick

Used for the paving of walks, drives, and patios and must conform to special requirements not only for freeze-thaw resistance, but water absorption and abrasion resistance as well

brick grade

Used to classify brick according to their durability and resistance to freeze-thaw action

brick

a block of clay hardened by drying in the sun or burning in a kiln, and used for building, paving, etc.: traditionally, in the U.S., a rectangle 2.25 × 3.75 × 7 5/8 inches

mason

a builder and worker in stone

slaked lime

absorbs water