ARCH241: CH. 8
sand-struck brick, sand-mold brick
A brick made in a mold that was wetted and then dusted with sand before the clay was placed in it
masonry unit
A brick, stone, concrete block, glass block, or hollow clay tile in- tended to be laid in mortar
quoin
A corner reinforcing of cut stone or bricks in a masonry wall, usually done for decorative effect
tie
A device for holding two parts of a construction together; a structural device that acts in tension
portland cement
A gray or white pow- der, composed principally of calcium sili- cates, which, when combined with water, hydrates to form the binder in concrete, mortar, and stucco
masonry cement
A hydraulic cement made from a blend of portland cement, lime and other dry admixtures designed to increase the workability of the mortar
periodic kiln
A kiln that is loaded and fired in discrete batches, as differentiated from a tunnel kiln, which is operated continuously
tunnel kiln
A kiln through which clay products are passed on railroad cars
low-lift grouting
A method of con- structing a reinforced masonry wall in which the reinforcing bars are embedded in grout in increments not higher than 4 feet
high-lift grouting
A method of con- structing a reinforced masonry wall in which the reinforcing bars are embedded in grout in story-high increments
lime
A nonhydraulic cementitious material, used as an ingredient in mor- tars and plasters
extended-life admixture
A substance that retards the onset of the curing re- action in mortar so that the mortar may be used over a protracted period of time after mixing
mortar
A substance used to join mason- ry units, consisting of cementitious ma- terials, fine aggregate, and water
water smoking & dehydration
First stage of burning in a kiln: The process of applying heat to evaporate the last water from clay products before they are fired
self-consolidating grout
Grout formulated o that it is highly flowable
grout
Grout is a mixture of portland cement, aggregate, and water
blended hydraulic cement
Hydraulic cement made from a mixture of cementitious materials such as portland cement, other hydraulic cements, and pozzolans for the purpose of altering one or more properties of the cement or reducing the energy required in the cement manufacturing process
mortar cement
In masonry, a blend of portland cement, lime, and other additives, that produces mortar comparable in its bond strength properties to cement lime mortar
aggregate
Inert particles, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or expanded minerals, in a concrete, mortar, or plaster
structural bond
The interlocking pattern of masonry units used to tie two or more wythes together in a wall
water table
The level at which the pres- sure of water in the soil is equal to the at- mospheric pressure; effectively, the level to which groundwater will fill an excava- tion; a wood molding or shaped brick used to make a transition between a thick- er foundation and the wall above
hydration
The process by which ce- ments combine chemically with water to harden
carbonation
The process by which lime mortar reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide to cure
vitrification
The process of transforming a material into a glassy substance by means of heat
spandrel
The wall area between the head of a window on one story and the sill of a window on the floor above; the area of a wall between adjacent arches
clamp
Traditional stacking method of firing brick without kiln
air entraining admixture
an additive that results in a a higher air content in the cured mortar than cement lime mortar; reduces the bond strength btw the mortar and masonry unit meaning the strength of the wall is reduced and the wall is more permeable to water
line block
blocks at each end to locate the end of the line precisely at the top of each course of bricks
lay to the line
bricks btw leads are laid to a line a heavy string stretched taut btw line blocks as each head
solid unit
can be solid, cored or frogged (cored and frogged bricks are considered solid as long as they remain at least 75% solid)
course
continuous horizontal range (layer) of masonry units
wythe
continuous vertical section of one unit thickness (single-wythe, double-wythe, etc.)
chippage
extent of physical damage to face or visible corners
coursebed joint
foundation of brick layers
bed joint
horizontal joint between 2 Courses
muriatic acid
hydrochloric acid) and rinsing with water to remove mortar stains from the faces of the bricks
facing brick
intended for both structural and nonstructural uses where appearance is important
rowlock
is a brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the shorter end exposed
soldier
is a brick laid vertically with the longer edge face exposed
header
masonry unit laid horizontally with a shorter end exposed or parallel to the surface
stretcher
masonry unit laid horizontally with longer edge exposed or parallel o the surface
cavity wall
prevents water from reaching the interior of the building by interposing a hollow space between the outside and inside wythes of the wall
proportion specification
quantities of ingredients used to prepare the mix are specified
story pole
that is marked with the course heights is used to establish accurate course heights in the leads
property specification
the compressive strength in other properties of the hardened mortar as determined by lab testing are defined
lead
the construction of a brick wall begins with the laying of leads leads establish wall plane and course height
trowel
used to apply mortar or plaster
building brick
used where appearance does not matter, such as in backup wythes of masonry that will be concealed in the finished work
collar joint
vertical joint between 2 Wythes
head joint
vertical joint between 2 units
common bond
Brickwork laid with five courses of stretchers followed by one course of headers
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials, an organization that promulgates standards for testing, materials, and methods of building construction
barrel vault
An arch translated along a line perpendicular to its plane
cleanout hole
An opening at the base of a masonry wall through which mortar droppings and other debris can be re- moved prior to grouting the interior cav- ity of the wall
RBM Reinforced brick masonry
Analogous to reinforced concrete con- struction
water-struck brick
Bricks w/a relatively smooth dense surface
nonhydraulic cement
Cementitious materials, such as gypsum and lime, that remain water soluble after curing
rough arch
Depends on wedge-shaped mortar joints for its cur vature, is therefore much more usual in today s buildings
gauged brick
Each brick is rubbed to the required wedge shape on an abrasive stone, which is laborious and expensive
soft mud process
Making bricks by pressing wet clay into molds
lime mortar
Masonry mortar made from a mix of lime, sand, and water; used principally in the restoration of historic structures
hydraulic cement
Modern masonry mortars are made w/ hydraulic cements; blends of portland cement with other cementitious materials such as blast furnace slag that hardens by reacting with water and whose hardened products are not water soluble. Nonhydraulic cements, such as lime, can also be mixed with poz- zolans to create cements with hydraulic properties.
cement lime mortar
Most characteristic type of mortar; Mortar made from portland cement, hydrated lime, aggre- gate, and water, the most traditional for- mulation of modern masonry mortars
stiff mud process
Most common used today btw 12-15% water Is passed through a vacuum to remove air pockets and extorted through rectangular die and then sliced into bricks by machine cutter
clinker brick
Often overturned and distorted making them unattractive and therefore unsuitable for use in exposed brick
quicklime
Produced by burning calci- um carbonate found in limestone or sea shells; once hydrated, used as an ingredi- ent in mortars and plasters; chemically, calcium oxide
oxidation & vitrification
Second stage of burning in kiln: The process of transforming a material into ceramic material by means of heat temperature rises to 1800-2400 fahrenheit
centering
Temporary formwork for an arch, dome, or vault
hollow brick
Up to 60% void and are used primarily to enable the insertion and grouting of steel reinforcing bars in single wythes of brickwork
dry-press process
Used for clay that shrinks excessively during drying
paving brick
Used for the paving of walks, drives, and patios and must conform to special requirements not only for freeze-thaw resistance, but water absorption and abrasion resistance as well
brick grade
Used to classify brick according to their durability and resistance to freeze-thaw action
brick
a block of clay hardened by drying in the sun or burning in a kiln, and used for building, paving, etc.: traditionally, in the U.S., a rectangle 2.25 × 3.75 × 7 5/8 inches
mason
a builder and worker in stone
slaked lime
absorbs water