Architecture
Arcuated Structure
A construction of arches, arcades, and vaults
What is the difference between a "divisive plan" and an "additive" one? Which one typically produces regular forms? Which one typically produces irregular forms?
A divisive plan is a division of a whole into parts, and is symmetrical. An additive plan is an aggregation (adding) of parts, and is asymmetrical. Divisive is regular, and additive is irregular.
What is an architectural program? Who makes it?
A document which lists the necessary activities, spaces, relationships, quantities, and qualities to be found in the finished product.
What is the architectural definition of a plan?
A drawing representing a horizontal cut through a building, showing location and distribution of spaces and objects within it.
What is a bubble diagram? Can you draw one for your house?
A drawing that identifies programs, activities, and adjacencies. Gives size and relativity to things on the program.
What are the qualities of a trabeated system? What are the names of the elements within it?
A lintel held up by posts, or a cantiliever beam held up by another beam or wall. Top is in tension and bottom is in compression.
What does an R-value mean?
A measure of the resistance of an insulating or building material to heat flow. The higher the number the more resistance it has.
Define what a plan, section, and elevation are.
A plan is a drawing representing a horizontal cut through the building, showing location and distribution of spaces and objects within it. A section is a representation of a vertical cut through a building, revealing the methods used to construct it and the spatial volumes within it. An elevation is the representation on a vertical plane of the exterior or interior walls of a building.
Arcade
A row of arches
What is the generic definition of a plan?
A stated set of actions that anticipate, prepare for and seek to control future actions and behaviors.
Is an arch always in compression or tension?
Always in compression
What are the five organizational types identified by Ching and presented in class?
Central, Linear, Clustered, Radial, and Gridded.
What are the seven categories of Architecture Elements presented in class?
Conceptual, Design, Human, Formal, Organizational, Building, Structural
What are the elements of a truss?
Cords, Ties, Struts (called webs)
What materials are good insulators?
Fiberglass batting
What is included in the architectural plan?
For what activities, for whom, how many, how big, why, near what, how often, and sq ft, height, and adjacencies.
What materials are stronger in compression?
Glass, brick, marble, concrete
Arch
In an arcuated structural system, a curved unit of construction, usually masonry and usually composed of wedge-shaped blocks called voussoirs, spanning an opening between upright supports.
Which of Virtuvius' categories is the architect an expert in?
Integrating all of the them.
What is the difference between a catilever and a standard beam?
Lintel is in beam or wall. The top is in tension and the bottom is in compression.
What are the four factors that determine structural performance?
Material, geometry, orientation, and size
How is a truss different from a beam?
No beam action since the tension and compression are isolated into particular members.
Barrel Vault
Overhead covering in the form of a horizontal half-cylinder
What drawing type is associated with each of the three?
Plan, Section, and Elevation
What is the relationship between primary/served spaces and secondary/servant spaces?
Primary spaces accommodate the main programmatic spaces. Secondary spaces house the "infrastructural" ones, (hallways and bathrooms)> Based on who is using what and placement.
What materials can you use to make an arch?
Small stones, elements with low tension.
What functions do building materials have?
Social value, environmental value, aesthetic value. (im guessing also structural sometimes?)
What materials does Frank Lloyd Wright's work depend on for their effects?
Steel and glass
What are the main forces a structure must accommodate?
Tension, compression, thrust
Additive Plan
The disjointed, accumulative, and often asymmetrical arrangement of the discreetly formed areas composing certain buildings. Such a plan usually underlies a picturesque design.
What portion of a beam is in tension and which is in compression?
The middle of a beam is in tension, and the ends of it are in compression.
What is the definition of structure as specifically related to architecture?
The part of a building that holds it up and transfers loads and forces to the ground.
How does a truss handle tension and compression forces?
The top is always in compression, the bottom always in tension. In between each element handles only one force.
What group of people is associated with each one?
The user/client with the plan, the builder with the section, the artist or architect with the elevation.
Which elements of a truss are in compression and which are in tension?
Ties are always in tension and Struts are always in compression. The top cord is in compression and the bottom cord is in tension
According to O'Gorman, what is the role/function of the architect?
To give form to the needs of the client? Design a building.
Define the three structural geometries discussed in class. Can you list and identify different examples of each?
Trabeated, Arcuated, and Triangulated. Examples: Lintel and Post, Arch, Truss
What geometry does a truss use?
Triangulated
What are they called in English?
Use, Function, and Beauty
What group of people is associated with each of the three?
User, Builder, and Artist/Architect
What are the three aspects of the Vitruvian triad?
Utilitas, Firmitas, and Venustas
What are three dimensional arcuated structures called (there are at least two).
Vaults and Domes
What are the parts that make up an arch?
Voussoirs, Keystone, Springers, buttresses.
What materials are stronger in tension?
Wood
What are the most common building materials?
Wood, brick, stone, concrete, glass, steel, plastics
