Architecture and Urban Planning Final
Ginzburg and Milinis
Narkomfin Apartment Building, moscow, 1928-29
Tony Garnier
An Industrial City: A Study on the Design of Cities, 1917
Le Corbusier
City for 3 million
Louis Sullivan
"Wainwright Building
Gesamkunstwerk
"total work of art." the architect is responsible for the design and/or overseeing of the building's totality: shell, accessories, furnishings, and landscape
German werkbund
... a German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists. This was to become an important event in the development of modern architecture and industrial design, particularly in the later creation of the Bauhaus school of design.
Bauhaus
A German interdisciplinary school of fine and applied arts that brought together many leading modern architects, designers, and theatrical innovators that aimed to put all schools of art under one roof more functional than idealistic. Walter Gropius.
Peter Behrens
AEG Turbine Factory, AEG Turbine Factory in Berlin (Bauhaus)
International Style
An architectural style that emerged in several European countries between 1910 and 1920. architects of this style avoided applied decoration, used only modern materials (concrete, glass, steel), and arranged the masses of a building according to its inner uses.
curtain wall
An exterior building wall that is supported entirely by the frame of the building, rather than being self-supporting or load bearing.
ASNOVA
Association of New Architects, 1923, ex. cloud hangars
Ralph Erskine
Byker Wall Housing, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1970
Daniel Burnham
CHICAGO, began 1906. A leading architect and city planner, produced a magnificent plan for redesigning Chicago
secession
During this time, architects focused on bringing purer geometric forms into the designs of their buildings. The three main architects of this movement were Josef Hoffmann, Joseph Maria Olbrich, and Otto Wagner. These architects often decorated the surface of their buildings with linear ornamentation in a form commonly called whiplash or eel style.
de stijl
Dutch post-WWI movement that believed that their style revealed the underlying structure of existence; art was simplistic and used primary colors and horizontal and vertical lines (invented by Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg)
Louis Kahn
Exeter Library
Frank Lloyd wright
Falling Water
Walter Gropius
Founder of Bauhaus
Herbert Jacobs House
Frank Lloyd Wright, Madison, 1936. small usonian house, affordable, eliminated unnecessary elements (basement/garage), used a grid for no special cuts, concrete slab with radiant heat, L shaped layout gave a view of nature
Bruno Taut
Glass Pavilion, Cologne
Archigram Group
Instant City, 1960
CIAM
International Congress of Modern Architecture - began in 1928 and the original members were Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Ernst May, Sigfried Gideon, Gerrit Rietveld
Antonio Sant'Elia
La Citta Nouva
COntemporary city for three million
Le corbusier, 1922. layout for order, easy movement, aerodrome in the middle, railroad/tram underneath, high ratio of green space yet having high density, villas stacked on each other, zoning was functional and social
Antonio Gaudi
Leader of the Spanish Art Nouveau movement, _____________ designed Casa Mila and Casa Batllo in Barcelona.
Richard Neutra
Lovell house in LA was first authentice example of the International Style to be built in America
Henry Hobson Richardson
Marshall Field wholesale store
Vladimir Tatlin
Monument to the third international, 1919, Russia
new Urbanism
Outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.
Le Corbusier for Fruges
Pessac housing estate, bordeaux, 1924. affordable housing a way to stabilize worker population, residents modified their homes to make them more liveable (slope roofs, covered windows over)
Alison and Peter Smithson
Robin Hood Gardens, London, 1970
Ernst May
Romerstadt, Frankfurt, 1927. 1200 residences along river, garden units, standardized parts for units, minimalism, ultra efficient lab like kitchen
Konstantin Melnikov
Rusakov Workers' Club, Moscow, 1927-29
Gerritt Rietvelt
Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1920
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Scottish designer/ architect, influential with the Vienna SEcessionists. The GLASGOW SCHOOL OF ART
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Seagram Building
Duany and Plater-Zyberk
Seaside, FL
Josef Olbrich
Secession Building, Vienna, 1900
Pruitt-Igoe
St. Louis, MO. public housing, safety-solution for urban slums turned bad b/c of maintenence and neglect from lack of funding b/c of shrinking city
Victor Horta
Tassel House
Aldo Rossi
The Architecture of the City, 1966
Walter Gropius
The Bauhaus, Dessau, 1926 pinwheel plan, functionalist planning, factory aesthetic, separated dorm building, no prominent entrance, a model for modern design language
Pilotis
Thin steel or concrete posts that are used to support roofs and floor slabs. Their use began in the early 20th Century and eliminated the need for bearing walls
An Industrial City
Tony Garnier, 1917. 35k people, low-rise, zoning of city by function, rejected private property, simple bauhaus home designs, zoning controlled flow
Gropius and Meyer
Torten Housing, Dessau, 1926. efficient living, large garden plots, community as a solution to fix social problems, to trim, machine aesthetic, flat roofs, affordable - prefab slabs/walls
Robert Venturi
Vanna Venturi House
Le Corbusier (work)
Villa savoye, Poissey, 1928-29. pilotis, roof terrace, tree facade, ribbon windows, open floor plan, built for bodily health (getting away from city)
Chicago School of Architecture
Was led by Louis H. Sullivan. It used cheap steel, reinforced concrete, and electric elevators to build skyscrapers and office buildings lacking of any exterior ornamentation. (935)
Werkbund Housing Exhibit
Weissenhof Seidlung, stuttgart, 1927. on a hillside, eventually was built, sponsored by construction firms (cooperation of all aspects), not just one design, experimental
Team X
a group that broke away from CIAM, wanted architecture that was an expression of the community, interested in sociological reality of street life and popular culture - Robin Hood Gardens
Prairie House
architectural style characterized by long, sweeping ground lines, unconfined by abrupt limits of the wall, and which seemed to reach out towards and express the great flat-lands of the Mid-West
Art Nouveau
architecture aesthetic from France/Belgium based on natural, biomorphic forms + ahistorical ornament. ex. Tassel House, Maison du Peuple
Oscar Niemeyer
chief architect of Brasilia
Frankfurt kitchen
designed by Margaret Schutte-Lihotzky, rationalized specific task spaces in an assembly line style to relieve burden of househork, it was delivered pre-made to the site, extensively used by Ernst May
Dom-ino system
developed by Le Corbusier, thin reinforced concrete columns supporting reinforced concrete slabs, allowing for curtain walls, the columns and floor functioned as a prefabricated system without walls or partitions which could be added where needed, Housing Estate at Pessac
Futurism
early-20th century form of architecture born in Italy, characterized by anti-historicism, strong chromaticism, long dynamic lines, suggesting speed, motion, urgency and lyricism.A cult of the machine age and even a glorification of war and violence were among the themes
VKHUTEMAS
rough equivalent of the Bauhaus, create a school of crafts, many teachers went back and forth from the Bauhaus to here
Adolf Loos
was an architect and designer associated with the Secession, but became disenchanted with what he regarded as the superficial decorative concerns of that movement. His reputation rests in large degree on his writings, especially his essay "Ornament and Crime" which include early statements of theory that became central to the development of modernism.