Architecture and Urban Planning Final

Ginzburg and Milinis

Narkomfin Apartment Building, moscow, 1928-29

Tony Garnier

An Industrial City: A Study on the Design of Cities, 1917

Le Corbusier

City for 3 million

Louis Sullivan

"Wainwright Building

Gesamkunstwerk

"total work of art." the architect is responsible for the design and/or overseeing of the building's totality: shell, accessories, furnishings, and landscape

German werkbund

... a German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists. This was to become an important event in the development of modern architecture and industrial design, particularly in the later creation of the Bauhaus school of design.

Bauhaus

A German interdisciplinary school of fine and applied arts that brought together many leading modern architects, designers, and theatrical innovators that aimed to put all schools of art under one roof more functional than idealistic. Walter Gropius.

Peter Behrens

AEG Turbine Factory, AEG Turbine Factory in Berlin (Bauhaus)

International Style

An architectural style that emerged in several European countries between 1910 and 1920. architects of this style avoided applied decoration, used only modern materials (concrete, glass, steel), and arranged the masses of a building according to its inner uses.

curtain wall

An exterior building wall that is supported entirely by the frame of the building, rather than being self-supporting or load bearing.

ASNOVA

Association of New Architects, 1923, ex. cloud hangars

Ralph Erskine

Byker Wall Housing, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1970

Daniel Burnham

CHICAGO, began 1906. A leading architect and city planner, produced a magnificent plan for redesigning Chicago

secession

During this time, architects focused on bringing purer geometric forms into the designs of their buildings. The three main architects of this movement were Josef Hoffmann, Joseph Maria Olbrich, and Otto Wagner. These architects often decorated the surface of their buildings with linear ornamentation in a form commonly called whiplash or eel style.

de stijl

Dutch post-WWI movement that believed that their style revealed the underlying structure of existence; art was simplistic and used primary colors and horizontal and vertical lines (invented by Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg)

Louis Kahn

Exeter Library

Frank Lloyd wright

Falling Water

Walter Gropius

Founder of Bauhaus

Herbert Jacobs House

Frank Lloyd Wright, Madison, 1936. small usonian house, affordable, eliminated unnecessary elements (basement/garage), used a grid for no special cuts, concrete slab with radiant heat, L shaped layout gave a view of nature

Bruno Taut

Glass Pavilion, Cologne

Archigram Group

Instant City, 1960

CIAM

International Congress of Modern Architecture - began in 1928 and the original members were Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Ernst May, Sigfried Gideon, Gerrit Rietveld

Antonio Sant'Elia

La Citta Nouva

COntemporary city for three million

Le corbusier, 1922. layout for order, easy movement, aerodrome in the middle, railroad/tram underneath, high ratio of green space yet having high density, villas stacked on each other, zoning was functional and social

Antonio Gaudi

Leader of the Spanish Art Nouveau movement, _____________ designed Casa Mila and Casa Batllo in Barcelona.

Richard Neutra

Lovell house in LA was first authentice example of the International Style to be built in America

Henry Hobson Richardson

Marshall Field wholesale store

Vladimir Tatlin

Monument to the third international, 1919, Russia

new Urbanism

Outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.

Le Corbusier for Fruges

Pessac housing estate, bordeaux, 1924. affordable housing a way to stabilize worker population, residents modified their homes to make them more liveable (slope roofs, covered windows over)

Alison and Peter Smithson

Robin Hood Gardens, London, 1970

Ernst May

Romerstadt, Frankfurt, 1927. 1200 residences along river, garden units, standardized parts for units, minimalism, ultra efficient lab like kitchen

Konstantin Melnikov

Rusakov Workers' Club, Moscow, 1927-29

Gerritt Rietvelt

Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1920

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Scottish designer/ architect, influential with the Vienna SEcessionists. The GLASGOW SCHOOL OF ART

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Seagram Building

Duany and Plater-Zyberk

Seaside, FL

Josef Olbrich

Secession Building, Vienna, 1900

Pruitt-Igoe

St. Louis, MO. public housing, safety-solution for urban slums turned bad b/c of maintenence and neglect from lack of funding b/c of shrinking city

Victor Horta

Tassel House

Aldo Rossi

The Architecture of the City, 1966

Walter Gropius

The Bauhaus, Dessau, 1926 pinwheel plan, functionalist planning, factory aesthetic, separated dorm building, no prominent entrance, a model for modern design language

Pilotis

Thin steel or concrete posts that are used to support roofs and floor slabs. Their use began in the early 20th Century and eliminated the need for bearing walls

An Industrial City

Tony Garnier, 1917. 35k people, low-rise, zoning of city by function, rejected private property, simple bauhaus home designs, zoning controlled flow

Gropius and Meyer

Torten Housing, Dessau, 1926. efficient living, large garden plots, community as a solution to fix social problems, to trim, machine aesthetic, flat roofs, affordable - prefab slabs/walls

Robert Venturi

Vanna Venturi House

Le Corbusier (work)

Villa savoye, Poissey, 1928-29. pilotis, roof terrace, tree facade, ribbon windows, open floor plan, built for bodily health (getting away from city)

Chicago School of Architecture

Was led by Louis H. Sullivan. It used cheap steel, reinforced concrete, and electric elevators to build skyscrapers and office buildings lacking of any exterior ornamentation. (935)

Werkbund Housing Exhibit

Weissenhof Seidlung, stuttgart, 1927. on a hillside, eventually was built, sponsored by construction firms (cooperation of all aspects), not just one design, experimental

Team X

a group that broke away from CIAM, wanted architecture that was an expression of the community, interested in sociological reality of street life and popular culture - Robin Hood Gardens

Prairie House

architectural style characterized by long, sweeping ground lines, unconfined by abrupt limits of the wall, and which seemed to reach out towards and express the great flat-lands of the Mid-West

Art Nouveau

architecture aesthetic from France/Belgium based on natural, biomorphic forms + ahistorical ornament. ex. Tassel House, Maison du Peuple

Oscar Niemeyer

chief architect of Brasilia

Frankfurt kitchen

designed by Margaret Schutte-Lihotzky, rationalized specific task spaces in an assembly line style to relieve burden of househork, it was delivered pre-made to the site, extensively used by Ernst May

Dom-ino system

developed by Le Corbusier, thin reinforced concrete columns supporting reinforced concrete slabs, allowing for curtain walls, the columns and floor functioned as a prefabricated system without walls or partitions which could be added where needed, Housing Estate at Pessac

Futurism

early-20th century form of architecture born in Italy, characterized by anti-historicism, strong chromaticism, long dynamic lines, suggesting speed, motion, urgency and lyricism.A cult of the machine age and even a glorification of war and violence were among the themes

VKHUTEMAS

rough equivalent of the Bauhaus, create a school of crafts, many teachers went back and forth from the Bauhaus to here

Adolf Loos

was an architect and designer associated with the Secession, but became disenchanted with what he regarded as the superficial decorative concerns of that movement. His reputation rests in large degree on his writings, especially his essay "Ornament and Crime" which include early statements of theory that became central to the development of modernism.