AREA 1. INITIAL CLIENT CONSULTATION & ASSESSMENT

Which of the following is a negative risk factor? A. Women >45 years B. Blood pressure 135/80 mm Hg C. High-density lipoprotein 60 mg·dL-1 D. Body mass index >30

C

A sedentary lifestyle is defined as NOT participating in at least: A. 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity, at least 3 days per week, for at least 3 months. B. 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity, at least 5 days per week, for at least 3 months. C. 75 minutes of moderate intensity activity, at least 5 days per week, for at least 3 months. D. 75 minutes of moderate intensity activity, at least 3 days per week, for at least 3 months.

A

A typical chronic response to improved cardiorespiratory fitness is an increase in: A. Maximal oxygen consumption B. Diastolic blood pressure C. Maximal heart rate D. Resting heart rate

A

Ankle edema may be indicative of which of the following? A. Congestive heart failure B. Claudication C. Anterior compartment syndrome D. Posterior compartment syndrome

A

Impaired glucose tolerance is consistent with which of the following? A. Prediabetes B. Type 1 diabetes C. Dyslipidemia D. Type 2 diabetes

A

In which environmental condition is it MOST important to replace body fluids?? A. Exercising in heat B. Exercising in the cold C. Exercising in both heat and cold D. Exercising in humidity

A

Marti is performing unilateral standing calf raises with a dumbbell held in the ipsilateral hand. You cue her to stand up tall and lean back slightly while performing the exercise to ________ and make the exercise ________, thereby increasing efficiency. A. Lengthen the lever arm; more difficult B. Lengthen the lever arm; easier C. Shorten the lever arm; more difficult D. Shorten the lever arm; easier

A

Strength gains during early phases of resistance training are largely due to changes in the: A. Nervous system B. Sarcomeres C. Respiratory system D. Myofilaments

A

The muscles that function to adduct the hip joint are collectively in which area of the hip? A. Medial B. Anterior C. Posterior D. Lateral

A

Where does blood flow immediately after passing through the tricuspid valve? A. Right ventricle B. Left atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right atrium

A

Which movement occurs in the frontal plane? A. Elevation of the of the scapula B. Extension at the hip C. Supination at the wrist D. Flexion at the elbow

A

Which of the following BEST describes the primary difference between standing and seated calf raises? A. Seated calf raises emphasize the soleus muscle, while the standing calf raise emphasizes the gastrocnemius muscle. B. The seated calf raise targets the soleus, while the standing calf raise targets the gastrocnemius and invertors. C. Seated calf raises emphasize the gastrocnemius muscle, while the standing calf raise emphasizes the soleus muscle. D. The seated calf raise targets the muscle primarily responsible for power in the lower leg, while the standing calf raise targets the muscle primarily responsible for endurance.

A

Which of the following best summarizes the effect of regular exercise on dyslipidemia? A. Regular exercise can increase HDL cholesterol levels. B. Exercise may have a favorable result in increasing the total cholesterol to HDL-C ratios C. Triglyceride levels are reduced for up to 36 hours following exercise. D. Exercises increases LDL-C levels

A

Which of the following cardiac variables will increase as a result of regular aerobic training at a submaximal effort? A. Arteriovenous oxygen difference B. Systolic blood pressure C. Exercise heart rate D. Blood lactate

A

Which of the following concepts, if applied, makes resistance training easier to perform? A. F = ma B. Newton's third law C. Newton's first law D. P = mv

A

Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? A. An individual who quit smoking 4 months ago B. An individual who smokes cigars twice year on special occasions C. An individual whose blood glucose is 125 mg·dL-1 following an oral glucose tolerance test D. An individual whose high density lipoprotein cholesterol is 40 mg·dL-1

A

Which of the following joints favors mobility over stability? A. Glenohumeral B. Ankle C. Knee D. Thoracic spine

A

Which of the following muscle actions controls the movement and maintains a constant speed throughout the range of motion? A. Isokinetic B. Eccentric C. Concentric D. Isometric

A

What is the MOST influential source of self-efficacy information related to exercise? A. Vicarious exercise experiences B. Persuasive verbal feedback C. Emotional state of mind D. Past exercise performance

D

Which document acknowledges an "assumption of risk" with regard to the participation in physical activity? A. Medical Release B. Behavioral Contract C. Liability waiver D. Informed Consent

D

A 30-year-old potential client states she just had a physical and was informed by her physician that her total cholesterol and blood pressure looked great. You review her medical history and note she is taking vitamins and antihypertensive medication. Based on this profile, she would be considered as having how many risk factors? A. 3 B. 1 C. 0 D. 2

B

Concentric contraction of the triceps brachii muscle causes ____________ in the _____________plane. A. Flexion; sagittal B. Extension; sagittal C. Flexion; frontal D. Extension; frontal

B

Individuals reporting ________ following resistance training should significatnly reduce the overload and volume and increase the amount of rest. A. Minor soreness B. Moderate soreness C. Joint tightness D. Transient hypertrophy

B

Kyphosis is defined as: A.The convexity of the spinal curve is anterior. B. The convexity of the spinal curve is posterior. C. The convexity of the spinal curve is medial. D. The convexity of the spinal curve is lateral.

B

What is the rotator cuff's primary role at the shoulder joint? A. Promote shoulder impingement during motion B. Provide dynamic stability during humeral motion C. Prevent scapular winging D. Promote scapular stability during arm movements

B

Which of the following best defines the precontemplation stage? A. An individual who has just been diagnosed with hypertension begins to research fitness facilities in her neighborhood B. An overweight individual does not value the benefits of exercise C. A smoker is considering stopping given her recent health issues D. A female with prediabetes is aware of her need to control her blood glucose levels

B

Which of the following is a symptom suggestive of pulmonary disease? A. An increase in heart rate with an increase in walking intensity B. Shortness of breath after quickly crossing the street in a residential area C. Tightness in the ankles that occur after walking several blocks D. General feeling of fatigue after walking the dog

B

Which of the following muscles is superior to the latissimus dorsi? A. Erector spinae B. Levator scapulae C. External oblique D. Lower trapezius

B

Which of the following profiles is considered a risk factor with respect to obesity? A. Waist of 38 inches for males B. Waist of 36 inches for females C. Body fat percent of 25% for females D. Body fat percent of 25% for males

B

You client forgets to bring the service introduction packet but is dressed appropriately for exercise. You should: A. Have the client sign an Informed Consent so that you can still begin training. B. Reschedule the appointment, and underscore the importance of having all forms completed and signed before the first training session. C. At a minimum, have the client sign the Informed Consent and fill out their Health/Medical History Evaluation. D. Give the client another packet to complete, and obtain medical clearance by the next session.

B

You observe a long outward curve of the thoracic spine with an exaggerated curve. This postural deviation is known as: A. Flat back. B. Kyphosis. C. Sway back. D. Lordosis.

B

Your client is a 30-year-old male who has not been active in the last few months. He has completed all the forms, and you observe that he does not have any risk factors. He reports that he experienced some shortness of breath while playing a pick-up basketball game this weekend, something he hasn't done in a year. You should: A. Ask him to obtain medical clearance before you begin training. B. Perform the appropriate assessments and plan on an exercise program that gradually increases in intensity. C. Refer him to a respiratory therapist for testing and exercise guidelines. D. Require that he undergo fitness assessments with medical supervision.

B

Your potential 37-year-old client is on medication to control her hypertension and wishes to start a moderate-intensity exercise program. She has no other risk factors. You should: A. Require that she obtain medical clearance prior to exercise. B. Design an exercise program that starts at a lower intensity. C. Take baseline blood pressure readings. D. Ensure that her primary health care provider signs the Informed Consent Form.

B

Your potential client has a history of swollen ankles and reports shortness of breath when walking up the stairs. You would classify this as: A. High risk and start the client on a low-intensity exercise that progresses gradually. B. High risk and require that the client obtain a physician's clearance. C. Moderate risk and require that the client undergo exercise testing under a physician's supervision. D. Moderate risk and start the client on a low-intensity exercise that progresses gradually.

B

A low to high diagonal chop using a medicine ball takes place in: A. The frontal plane. B. The transverse plane. C. Multiple planes. D. The sagittal plane.

C

According to the 2013 ACSM Guidelines, significant health benefits can be achieved with ________. A. An accumulation of at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week. B. Strength training and cardio respiratory exercise using small and large muscle groups, 20 to 30 minutes per session, 3 to 5 days a week. C. A combination of moderate to vigorous exercise involving major muscle groups, 30 to 60 minutes per session, 3 to 5 days per week. D. Performing moderate-to-vigorous cardio respiratory exercise using large muscle groups, 10 to 20 minutes per session, 3 to 5 days a week.

C

Before any health and fitness assessment is administered, the MOST important first course of action is to: A. Ensure that the client is properly hydrated. B. Have the client read about the assessment and understand the testing norms. C. Explain and demonstrate each assessment before the client is tested. D. Obtain baseline heart rate and respiration.

C

Clients will have an understanding of their risk factors based on what theory of behavior change? A. Social cognitive theory B. Transtheoretical model of change C. Health belief model D. Theory of planned behavior

C

During pregnancy, resistance and flexibility exercises in the supine position should be avoided to prevent which of the following? A. Exercise-induced hypertension B. Ankle edema C. Orthostatic hypotension D. Diaphoresis

C

During the contraction phase of a bicep curl, the palms are ___________. A. Inverted B. Everted C. Supinated D. Pronated

C

Improvements in muscular endurance are a result of: A. Increase in myofibrils B. Increased fatty oxidation C. Increased capillary density D. Increased ATP from the KREB cycle

C

Ischemia is caused by: A. Decreased stroke volume. B. Chest pain. C. A lack of oxygen. D. Left ventricular dysfunction.

C

Performing a squat with a board placed under the heels results in which of the following? A. Assists in establishing neutral spine B. Minimized patellofemoral joint forces C. Increased force requirements of the quadriceps D. Lengthened gastrocnemius and soleus

C

Sean is performing barbell squats with the intent of building up his quadriceps muscles. To make the quadriceps perform MORE work and INCREASE the efficiency of the exercise, he should: A. Maintain a cervical extension posture throughout the movement. B. Push up, utilizing the muscles around the hip joint. C. Minimize the amount of trunk flexion at the start of the concentric phase. D. Utilize the proper size weightlifting belt.

C

The clavicle is _________ to the pelvis. A. Posterior B. Anterior C. Superior D. Inferior

C

What is the waist-to-hip ratio threshold at which a female client's health is considered at risk? A. 0.79 B. 0.85 C. 0.88 D. 0.82

C

Which energy system is utilized for a 100-meter sprint? A. Aerobic oxidation B. Anaerobic glycolysis C. ATP and creatine phosphate D. ATP

C

Which of the following actions takes place in the sagittal plane? A. Depression of the scapulae B. Pronation of the forearm C. Dorsiflexion of the ankle D. Opposition of the thumb

C

Which of the following decreases efficiency during resistance training? A. Torsional maximization B. Biomechanical angle velocity C. Mechanical disadvantage D. Acceleration torque production

C

Which of the following fasting blood glucose levels are indicative of prediabetes? A. 145 mg·dL-1 B. 96 mg·dL-1 C. 124 mg·dL-1 D. 82 mg·dL-1

C

Which of the following increases functional capacity and may relieve symptoms of coronary artery disease? A. Circuit training B. Interval training C. Endurance exercise training D. Resistance training

C

Which of the following is not a chronic benefit of regular cardiovascular exercise? A. Increased capillary density in skeletal muscle B. Decreased heart rate and blood pressure at a given submaximal intensity C. Decreased exercise threshold for the onset of disease signs and symptoms D. Increased maximal oxygen uptake resulting from both central and peripheral adaptations

C

Which of the following is the MOST powerful method of marketing to potential clients? A. Direct mailers B. Website C. Word of mouth D. Complimentary consultations

C

Which of the following muscles exerts an upward pull on the posterior surfaces of the pelvis resulting in a neutral pelvic position? A. Hip flexors B. Hamstrings C. Erector spinae D. Rectus abdominis

C

Which of the following theories of behavior change has been shown to increase an individual's intention to exercise? A. Transtheoretical model B. Health belief model C. Theory of planned behavior D. Social cognitive theory

C

Your client notices that he is able to perform several resistance exercises with more weight and a few more repetitions after the first two weeks of training. Which of the following BEST explains these training effects? A. Aerobic enzyme changes B. Anaerobic enzyme changes C. Neural adaptations D. Muscle capillary density

C

Your new client is ready to start training next week. You provide her with a service introduction packet which must include, at a minimum, which of the following forms? A. Health/Medical History Evaluation, Medical Clearance Form, and Informed Consent B. PAR-Q, Personal Trainer-Client Agreement, and training log C. Health/Medical History Evaluation, liability waiver, and training log D. Medical Clearance Form, Personal Trainer-Client Agreement, and liability waiver

C

A joint is the most stable when it is in which of the following positions? A. Open pack B. Extended C. Flexed D. Closed pack

D

A lateral lunge is performed in which plane of movement? A. Sagittal B. Transverse C. Horizontal D. Frontal

D

An overweight individual expresses motivation to lose weight after the birth of his son. He is in which stage of change? A. Precontemplation B. Action C. Preparation D. Contemplation

D

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation are possible joint actions found in the: A. Saddle joint B. Carpal-metacarpal joint C. Wrist joint D. Hip joint

D

For a client who appears to be ready to work with a personal trainer and make other necessary changes, which of the following tools can be utilized to help a client move toward the next stage of change? A. Process of change B. Operant conditioning C. Self-efficacy D. Decisional balance

D

Given the following complete health and medical history, which client has one risk factor? A. A 21-year-old female who has slight scoliosis with tightness on left hip abductors B. A 46-year-old male with cholesterol of 208 mg·dL-1 that desires to begin training for his first marathon. C. A 32-year-old male with family history of heart disease and pre-diabetes D. A physically active 55-year-old female

D

In a sit-to-stand movement, where is the center of gravity? A. Over the second sacrum B. Posterior to the axis of the knee joint C. Slightly anterior to the axis of the hip joint D. Shifted over the base of support

D

The facet joints of the lumbar spine are oriented in the __________ which primarily allows ____________ motions. A. Sagittal plane; rotation B. Transverse plane; side bending C. Frontal plane; flexion/extension D. Sagittal plane; flexion/extension

D

The most common manifestation of muscle injury is ________. A. Hypertrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Dyspnea D. Delayed onset muscle soreness

D

The thumb is classified as a ________ joint. A. Ellipsoidal B. Ball and socket C. Pivot D. Saddle

D

Which group of muscles function to extend the hip joint? A. Gluteus medius and hamstrings B. Piriformis and gluteus maximus C. Gluteus maximus and gluteus medius D. Gluteus maximus and hamstrings

D

Which group of muscles function to extend the hip joint? A. Gluteus medius and hamstrings B. Piriformis and gluteus maximus C. Gluteus maximus and gluteus medius D. Gluteus maxmimus and hamstrings

D

Which of the following does NOT require an exercise test or a medical supervised test? A. An individual with metabolic disease wishing to participate in moderate-intensity exercise B. An individual with two risk factors wishing to participate in vigorous-intensity exercise C. An individual with renal disease wishing to participate in moderate-intensity exercise D. An individual with two risk factors wishing to participate in moderate-intensity exercise

D

Which of the following is a chronic benefit of regular cardiovascular exercise? A. Decreased capillary density in skeletal muscle B. Increased exercise threshold for the onset of disease signs and symptoms C. Decreased maximal oxygen uptake resulting from both central and peripheral adaptations D. Increased heart rate and blood pressure at a given submaximal intensity

D

Which of the following is an acute response to cardiorespiratory exercise? A. Increase in resting heart rate B. Decrease in blood pressure C. Decrease in cardiac output D. Increase in stroke volume

D

Which of the following is an acute response to exercise? A. Reduced body fat B. Reduced resting blood pressure C. Reduced resting heart rate D. Reduced blood flow to the gut

D

Which of the following strategies will BEST help generate clients? A. Hosting an open house event B. Passing out business cards to potential clients C. Email marketing D. Developing a professional network of allied health professionals

D

Which rotator cuff muscle(s) externally rotate the shoulder joint? A. Subscapularis and teres minor B. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus C. Subscapularis and teres minor D. Teres minor and infraspinatus

D