ARH Quiz 3

Liji

"Book of Rites."

Raigo

Japanese, "welcome approach." An image or installation that shows the Amida Buddha of JODO Buddhism descending to earth to welcome souls into his Western Paradise.

SO

"Broken ink."

Haboku

"Broken ink." A style of Japanese painting associated with Zen Buddhism that uses dramatic ink washes.

Kondo

"Golden hall." An area of active worship in a Buddhist temple compound. Also known as a hondo.

Daimyo

"Great names." Powerful feudal lords, commanders of the Samurai.

Shogun

"Military Pacifier of the East." The twelfth century title for successive dynasties of military rulers Japan.

Ukiyo-e

"Pictures of the floating world." A generic tradition of painting dating from about 1600 representing daily life and the kabuki theater.

Koans

"Questions" or "exchanges" with a Zen master designed to break down traditional, rational patterns of thought, sharpen one's intuitions, and create breakthrough to enlightenment and sense of oneness with nature.

Shinto

"Sacred Way" or "Way of the Gods." The pre-Buddhist religion of Japan that venerated the Kami, nature gods, at sacred places (Iwakura), where those spirits live in the rocks, trees, water, and other objects.

Yijing

"The Book of Changes." A divination text that explains early Chinese views of the cosmos and discusses the qualities of jade.

Shinden

Heian-period country houses with central sleeping areas and smaller buildings linked by covered walkways around gardens and ponds.

Wabi

Honesty, integrity, reticence, and quiet simplicity

Fluxus

Latin for "flowing." An international group of artists that promoted "living art" in which there was no separation of art and life.

Yamato-e

Literally, "Japanese style." A native style of painting that emerged in the Heian period.

Yunqi

Literally, "cloud spirit" or "cloud force." A rhythmic, curcilinear scroll form that embodies the energy of the Qi.

Raku

Literally, "happiness ware." Low-fired ceramics wares whose imperfect shapes, rough incisions, and loosely splashed glazes reflect the ancient folk traditions of Japan and Korea.

Emakimono

Literally, "rolled picture." A horizontal scroll associated with a narrative style of painting that emerged in the Heian period. Also called emaki.

Noh

Literally, "talent or performance." A form of Japanese drama with restrained actions and prolonged silences patronized by the noble classes.

Esoteric Buddhism

Mikkyo in Japanese. A highly intellectual and elitist sect that placed a great value on mandalas to instruct and enlighten the faithful in the complexities of that sect.

Cun

The raindrop or "wrinkle" brushstroke used inside ink contour lines to shade, model, and texture forms to make them appeal to the sense of touch and appear to have greater mass.

Irimoya

The traditional Japanese hip-and-gable roof type. It may support shibi, crescent-shaped decorations at the ends of the ridge pole.

Ming

The ultimate inward vision in which the two vital forces of nature, the Yin and the Yang, become one in Daoism's experience of the oneness of all creation.

Li

The "innate structure of nature" in Confucianism.

Kimono

A T-shaped, straight-lined robe with a collar, wide sleeves, and sash that ties at the back.

Gaso

A Zen priest-painter.

Lacquer

A clear, natural varnish obtained from the Rhus verniciflua (lacquer tree).

Byobu

A decorative folding screen.

Patina

A discoloration of bronze caused by prolonged exposure to minerals.

Crackle

A distinctive type of pattern of cracks that develops in the glaze and clay body of the vessel contract at unequal rates during cooling after the fired vessel is removed from the kiln.

Kano School

A distinctively Japanese style of painting developed by members of the Kano family i nth 16th century and known for its bold, overall decorative patterning, rich colors, and gold-leaf backgrounds.

Porcelain

A fine white hard-paste and translucent pottery made from volcanic clays containing the minerals quartz, kaolin, and feldspar.

Torii

A gateway to s Shinto shrine.

Individualists

A group of late Ming artists who would not acknowledge the authority of their new Manchu overlords. Also known as the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou."

Kakemono

A hanging scroll.

Chanoyu

A highly ritualized tea ceremony that combines the philosophies of many Japanese movements in the arts.

Mortise and Tenon

A method of joining two pieces of wood or stone in which a tenon, or projecting part, from one piece is inserted into a mortise, or cavity of corresponding size and shape in the other.

Confucianism

A moral philosophy dating back to at least Shang times, which codified in the social ethics and teachings of Master Kong, Known as Confucius.

Pagoda

A name derived from a Portuguese word of undetermined origin. A tall slender tower with accented, upturned eaves that may derive from Han watchtowers known through terracotta models in tombs, or yasti on stupas.

Samurai

A noble and professional class of feudal warriors.

Sabi

A preference for the old and rustic over the new.

Tokonoma

A shallow alcove or niche in a tea house where a flower arrangement and small painting or hanging scroll might be displayed during a tea ceremony.

Shibui

A taste for that which is bitter but pleasing.

Celadon

A term of disputed origin referring to a glaze developed in China and used elsewhere in Asia, particularly Korea and Japan.

Yu

A type of ornate bronze vessel made in the Shang and Zhou periods.

Shamanism

A widespread belief that certain individuals known as shamans are able to enter self-induced trance states and communicate with the celestial world.

Wenren

Also known as literati painters. Highly educated, upper-class scholar-officials who emerged in the Song period who did not attempt to make a living from their art.

Tale of Genji, The

Also known as the Genji Monogatari. A novel by Lady Murasaki, often illustrated in the Yamato-e style of painting by women artists.

Shi Mo

An austere style of painting with ink, but no color, on absorbent papers capable of capturing the subtlest nuances of brushwork.

Neo-Confuciamism

An eclectic Chinese philosophy that had been developing since the Tang period, incorporating elements of Daoist and Buddhist thought.

Calligraphy

Beautiful handwriting.

Chan Buddhism

Chan derives from the Sanskirt word dhyana meaning "contemplation." A mystical form of Buddhism that seeks harmony with the vital spirit of nature through meditation.

Daoism

Chinese, "The Way." A philosophy derived from the Dao de jing (Book of the Way) byLao Zi (Old One) that explains how the dao is embedded in the heart of nature.

Bi

Chinese, "circular."

Cong

Chinese, "rectangular."

Pinyin

Chinese, "spelled sound." A system of transliterating the Chinese language adopted by the People's Republic of China in 1958 and later in Taiwan, where it is called the New Phonetic System.

Reliquaries

Elaborate containers designed to hold valued religious relics.

Tanka

Format (consisting of thirty-one syllables) had been the most popular form of poetry in Japan.

Chinoiserie

French term meaning "Chinese-style things."

Kofun

From ko, "old" or "ancient," and fun, "grave mound."These large mound-tombs, erected by the rulers of the Kofun period, were surrounded by rows of Haniwa, terracotta images of shields, singers, armored warriors, ladies, birds, and horses, which marked the boundary between the land of the living and the dead.

Feng Shui

From the Chinese for "wind" and "water." A colloquial Chinese name for a DAOIST belief that people and nature are linked in an invisible dialogue and that certain "dragon lines" of energy or QI flowing along the surface and within the earth have the power to influence the lives of people near them.

Zenga

Is the painting style associated with Zen.

Shoin

Japanese for "drawing room" or "study." An architectural form that emerged in the Momoyama period.

Nambam Byobu

Japanese, "screen paintings of barbarians." A type of Japanese screen painting made in the 16th and 17th centuries representing Westerners and their ships.

Satori

Japanese, "understanding" or "to see into one's true nature" ; commonly translated as "enlightenment." To have a deep spiritual experience of oneness with all nature.

Kongo Rikishi

Large sculptured images of fierce guardian deities.

Fusuma

Painted paper-covered sliding panels or doors mounted in slotted wooden tracks in temples, castles, and other large Japanese buildings.

Chumon

The "middle gate" to a Japanese Buddhist temple compound.

Zen Buddhism

The Japanese equivalent of Chan Buddhism in China. It arrived in Japan in the 13th century and has two pillars of wisdom: transcendental naturalism, the idea that we are one with the cosmos; and spontaneous intuition, the idea that we must express the oneness intuitively, with an economy of means.

Jodo

The Japanese name for Pure Land Buddhism, which came to Japan from China.

Haiku

The most characteristic form of poetry in Japan since the 14th century, consisting of three lines of five, seven, and five syllables.

Qi

The vital spiritual embedded in nature, mentioned in the canons of Xie He. (Harmony with nature).

Japonism

The vogue for Japanese art and culture in the West beginning in the late 19th century.

Ding

Three-legged bronze vessel type produced in the Shang and later periods, developed from Neolithic ceramic prototypes

Sinicize

To acculturate or convert to Chinese ways.

Amitabha Buddhism

To enter paradise, all a devotee need to do is call out the name of the Buddha. Also known as Pure Land Buddhism.

Taotie

Varieties of orge or monster masks formed by the conjunction of two profile faces with prominent beady eyes. Used to decorate Shang bronze vessels.

Tatami

Woven reed floor mats about 3 by 6 feet. Proportional relationships in traditional Japanese architectural planning are based on the tatami module.