art 100 chapter 15

The territory that was ruled from Constantinople until its defeat by ______ forces in 1453 changed many times over the centuries.

Islamic

Which style of architecture was created when the French abbot Suger remodeled his church with the goal of having the church reach heavenward and the interior be filled with light?

Gothic

Where has some some of the best-preserved, earliest-surviving, Christian art has been found?

Where has some some of the best-preserved, earliest-surviving, Christian art has been found?

The Romanesque Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy was one of the earliest churches modified to include aisles that line the transept and a(n) ______ to help visitors circulate freely.

ambulatory

To emphasize the importance of the heavenly realm over the ______ realm, Byzantine art became flattened and somewhat stylized.

earthly

In the context of Byzantine art, a(n) ______ is an image that represents a sacred person.

icon

Look at this image. This purse cover features animal-style images and ______, which are intricately woven bands.

interlace

During the Middle Ages, most of the great churches and cathedrals, including the Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy, were built in response to the popularity of ________.

pilgrimages

Look at this image. Architects of the Gothic period used ______ as reinforcements on the major points of intersections throughout the curve of a vault.

ribs

The ______ illustrates the Norman Conquest of 1066 in 72 separate episodes that have helped scholars learn more about the events that took place.

Bayeaux Tapestry

Why is the Bayeux Tapestry called an embroidery?

Because colored yarns were sewn onto a woven background

Constantinople was formerly known by what name?

Byzantium

As a way of indicating their importance, royalty, such as Constantine and Theodora, would commission works to be put in ______.

Churches

Which are common architectural features of Christian churches?

Clerestories Naves Apses

Look at this image. What was Duccio primarily concerned with while working on Christ Entering Jerusalem, which is a detail of Maestà Altar?

Creating a believable space in an outdoor setting

In northern Europe, artists continued to work in the Gothic style until which century?

Early 16th century

In the year ____ the Roman Emperor Constantine issued an edict of tolerance for all religions.

313

What type of church architecture was favored in the Christian east?

Central-plan

What did the successors of Constantine do?

Established Christianity as the official state religion

In the Middle Ages, texts that were richly decorate and illustrated were described as being ______________.

Illuminated

For what reasons did the basilica become an obvious choice from which to design the basic structure of a church?

Its open structure could hold many people. The space naturally focused the attention of visitors on an altar.

What is the scene depicting Christ's followers mourning his death known as?

Lamentation

What architectural characteristics did abbot Suger employ at Saint-Denis that came define Gothic style?

Stained glass windows Ribbed vaults Pointed arches

True or false: The periods of Gothic art and Renaissance art overlap.

True

What did the mismatched towers and spires of Chartres Cathedral help illustrate?

The evolution of Gothic style

During the early Middle Ages, how did Christian scriptures such as the Gospel Book of Durrow reflect the art that was prevalent in northwestern Europe?

Through animal style and border

Constantine, a Christian, had several churches, including St. Paul's Outside the Walls, built at specific locations around the Roman Empire for what reason?

To honor God because of victory in a major battle

Look at this image. As represented in the fresco The Lamentation, Giotto became known for pioneering which technique?

Use of space

What aspects differentiate Eastern European churches from Western European churches?

Vertical major axis in orientation A central plan The influence of Byzantine aesthetics