ART 111 MIDTERM

What kind of unity considers the visual connections within a work of art? asymmetrical analogous conceptual compositional

compositional

_______________ colors are next to one another on the color wheel. Analogous Complementary Monochromatic Distorted

Analogous

When compositional and conceptual unity combine to create a work of art in which the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, this is called __________. gestalt volume chiascuro variety

gestalt

What kind of scale is the artist using in this work? atmospheric monumental miniscule hierarchical

hierarchical

If we said that the woman's dress is silky, we are talking about the __________ texture. implied real actual subversive

implied

What kind of motion is depicted? illusionistic kinetic implied distorted

implied

Mass suggests that a volume: is three-dimensional has negative space is open is solid and has weight

is solid and has weight

What is the term for the type of sculpture popularized by Alexander Calder? relief kinetic open surreal

kinetic

What system of perspective involves a horizon line, vanishing point, and orthogonals? atmospheric isometric linear compositional

linear

What kind of scale is being used in this image? monumental hierarchical miniscule human

monumental

When negative space is included within the sculptural composition this is known as: open volume mass kinetic art implied texture

open volume

________ refers to the size relationships of different parts of an object or form in relation to the whole. volume mass proportion scale

proportion

Raphael emphasizes the two main figures in this fresco by: neither of the above both of the above putting them in the center of the composition making them larger relative to the other figures to indicate their importance

putting them in the center of the composition

The lines in this drawing are primarily irregular regular organic implied

regular

Red and orange are both examples of ________ colors. warm primary secondary cool

Warm

Caravaggio was a master of the technique of exaggerated chiaroscuro. What does chiaroscuro mean? use of diagonal lines to emphasize certain actions use of symbols in the background to make a religious point use of lights and darks to create the illusion of three-dimensions and to achieve dramatic effects use of oil paint to build up translucent layers

use of lights and darks to create the illusion of three-dimensions and to achieve dramatic effects

The relative lightness or darkness of a plane refers to its: mass form hue value

value

What texture or textures are implied in this work of art? Where are these implied textures? Mention at least three specific examples of implied textures, and where you see these.

Even though this figure is carved out of hard, cold, stone, the artist has implied that this is a living person with human flesh. For instance, the legs and arms seem knobby as if muscled. The face has dips and wrinkles like real cheeks, chin, and eye sockets would have. The hair of the figure appears to be softly falling on the forehead in locks or strands. The garment wrapped around the man's waist appears to be full of folds and wrinkles, as if it were soft and pliable. Finally, the cupid figure next to the figure's calf appears chubby and soft, like a baby or young child.

There can only be one focal point in a work of art. True/False

False

How has the artist used implied lines to guide the viewer through the painting? In your answer, give at least four specific examples of where you see implied directional lines. How would you describe those lines (ex: diagonal, horizontal, vertical, curving, etc.) Tell me where you 'enter' into the painting, and how your eye moves through the composition.

My eye enters the painting at the small child on the right side of the composition. He is standing alone, apart from the other figures and he is looking out directly at the viewer, and for these reasons he draws my attention. But I quickly move to the left because of his right arm that is at a diagonal angle, pulling the drapery back on the empty cradle. From there, my eye follows the diagonal curve of the green fabric over the top of the cradle to the face of the woman and her fabulous feathered hat. Running down the right side of the woman is a diaongal line from her hat, to her shoulder, and then along the back of the girl that is pressing up against her. It is almost as if this diagonal line is one side of a triangle, and the other side is the diagonal line from her hat down to the single child on the right side of the composition. If the woman's hat is the apex of the triangle, these diagonal lines anchor the composition. There is a horizontal implied line created by the arms of the young girl and the woman that leads me across their bodies and back towards the young boy. His pointing left hand connects to this horizontal line and creates a sort of 'base' for the triangular arrangement. So I end up where I began, looking at the boy on the right.

How has the artist created an illusion of three-dimensional depth in this object? Mention at least three specific techniques, and point out where you see these used.

The artist has used linear perspective, chiaroscuro, and atmospheric perspective to suggest depth in this composition. The clearest example of linear perspective is in the floor tiles. The brown line of tiles in the center is in a relatively straight line, but the lines of floor tiles to the right and left of this center are slightly diagonal. This is because the lines are converging towards the horizon in the background. There are also subtle diagonal angles in the architecture. For instance, the building in the left background has a roofline that is tilted down and at a diagonal angle. This demonstrates that the artist was using a grid of converging orthogonals in order to create the illusion of depth. Chiaroscuro, use of highlights and shadows to suggest volume, can be seen in the shadows cast onto the wall by the small figures in the lower left hand side of the composition. Also, the large columns in the foreground are painted as though the light is falling directly onto them, while the columns in the middle ground are darker in value, as if they are farther away from the light and in shadow. Finally, atmospheric perspective is demonstrated by the fact that objects that are meant to be in the far distance, such as the buildings and landscape in the center background, are painted as lighter in value, less distinct and crisp in their details, and somewhat blurry.

Is this painting balanced or imbalanced? If it is balanced, what kind of balance is exhibited? Provide at least three reasons to support your opinion. Make sure to point out specific visual details in your arguments.

This painting is asymmetrically balanced. There are two sets of diagonal lines that begin at the bottom edge of the composition and extend upwards through the top of the composition. The lines create a 'V' shape of opposite diagonals. Even though the diagonals are not identical in terms of length or width, and even though there are more diagonal lines on the left, the opposite raking diagonals balance one another. Also, there is an analogous color palette that unites the composition. Cool green and blue hues are used throughout, which creates a sense of evenness among the elements. Also, the dark and light values are evenly spread throughout the work. For example, in the center of the composition, extending to the top of the frame, are a series of light-bluish wavy shapes. The shapes are bounded by dark diagonal lines of the 'V.' At the bottom of the composition, underneath the diagonals on the left hand side are a set of light-green wavy shapes. They are not identical to the shapes above, but they seem to echo them in their wavy shape, cool color, and light value. These two areas balance out the heavier, dark diagonal lines. No one area dominates the composition, and the elements are evenly distributed throughout. This is what makes the composition balanced.

Discuss the use of color in this image. Use at least five of these specific terms relating to color: hue, value, tint, shade, chroma, analogous, complementary, primary, secondary, warm, cool. Make sure to tell me what colors specifically you are identifying (i.e., if you say that there are complementary colors, tell me exactly which colors you are identifying as complementary).

This painting uses a warm, orange-red hue to depict the rising sun in the middle portion of the composition. The sky surrounding the sun is a cool blue-green hue. Putting the reddish-orange and blueish-green together creates a complementary color palette that draws interest and attention to this part of the painting. The majority of the rest of the composition has an analogous color palette of cool hues including greyish-green, blue, and a dusky lavendar. Aside from the sun, the colors make the composition seem peaceful, quiet, and cold. The values of the colors are mostly light, with the exception of the bright, high chroma orange of the sun, and some of the darker grey colors that depict the ships in the harbor. The light values and the relative low chroma of most of the hues (especially the light purples, blues, and greys) gives the viewer the sense of a foggy morning in which the air is filled with mist.

The artist has suggested that the object is three-dimensional through the use of differing ___________. values hues chromas perspectives

Values

What is the difference between actual and implied line? actual line is dark while implied line is light actual line is thick while implied line is thin actual line is done in pen or pencil while implied line is done in paint actual line is a real, continuous mark while implied line is suggested by elements in the artwork

actual line is a real, continuous mark while implied line is suggested by elements in the artwork

Which of the following words could be applied to irregular line? curvilinear unpredictable all of the above organic

all of the above

This work of art is a good example of _____________ balance. symmetrical radial asymmetrical hierarchical

asymmetrical

When an artist uses two noticeably different states of an element, he or she is applying the principle of: balance contrast focal point abstraction

contrast

For the most part, the colors in this painting are: cool warm complementary monochromatic

cool

The artist has depicted the woman's left arm (shoulder to elbow) as longer than her right arm (shoulder to elbow) to imply that the left is parallel to the viewer's eye, and the right is reaching back into space towards her painting. What is the name of this technique for implying depth? foreshortening atmospheric perspective isometric perspective asymmetrical balance

foreshortening