Art 120 unit 4

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How did George Eastman's invention of celluloid film enable the development of commercial motion pictures

It allowed multiple images to be strung together

Which roles in the making of a film are considered the artists

actors directors editors

What did Romanticism in the 19th-century Americas focus on

landscapes

Who was the first person to develop a photographic technique that could record a clear and sharp image, using a method that others could easily duplicate

Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre

The process of piecing together different clips of film to create a cohesive story is called

editing

Which aspects made it difficult for photography to be seen as an art form

early photos' lack of color easily learned and produced accuracy and detail of the captured image

What was the first historically important event to be documented in photographs

the U.S. Civil War

What does the German word Bauhaus roughly translate to in English

"building house"

Gertrude Käsebier sought to depict which of the following in her photograph Blessed Art Thou Among Women

the ideals of motherhood as consecrated and important

What did Dorthea Lange's photograph Migrant Mother document

the plight of migrants during the Great Depression

Early photography owed its popularity to

portrait studios

What was a lasting legacy of Dada

questioning of the very nature of art

Which form of Dada art is created out of found objects such as a bicycle wheel or a shovel

ready-mades

The earliest written record of the principle behind photography was penned by whom

Mo Ti

Which statements accurately describe Vincent van Gogh's artistic career

Most of his most renowned work was painted in the last two and a half years of his life. He suffered from both mental illness and professional disappointment throughout his short but prolific artistic career

In other works, Posada used his calaveras to poke fun at which other figures in Mexican society

icons of Mexican society the elite classes of Mexican society political figures

How did Umberto Boccioni conceive of the human form as it moved through space

as a field of energy interacting with everything around i

Compared to computers today, early computers were

extremely large

Light reflected from objects passes through a narrow opening, projecting an image of the outside world onto a surface in a dark interior is the basic principle for both photography and the

eye

Like the Impressionists, the Post-Impressionist artists had a cohesive style that was easily identifiable

false

What are the formal elements that reveal this painting to be Fauvist in style

flat patches of color that do not replicate the colors of the natural world pictorial design as opposed to naturalism

Adherents of the De Stijl movement believed that by distilling formal elements down to the essentials of line and color, art could achieve what

harmonious intellectual beauty

Which artist created the painting, Impression: Sunrise, which was in part, responsible for the coining of the term Impressionism

Claude Monet

Which qualities characterize Thomas Cole's The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, After a Thunderstorm) as an example of American Romanticism

Cole contrasts the sunlit cultivated fields and human settlement with the wild and untamed lands. Cole conveys an almost mystical reverence for the beauty of nature

How does Eugène Delacroix's The Women of Algiers exemplify the Romantic movement

It features figures in a exotic setting

Since the invention of film, there were people who claimed that film, like photography, could be practiced as a

art

A director whose films have a consistent, individual style in a similar manner to a painter or a sculptor is called a

auteur

Which development contributed to art's transition from a studio product to something created outdoors

availability of portable oil colors in tubes

With which art movement was Blessed Art Thou Among Women associated

Pictorialism

What type of landscapes were popular among Romantic artists

mysterious

Which characteristics would one find in a photograph taken by a Pictorialist

varied tonal range the blurring of certain details

Which previous artistic movement chiefly informed Surrealism

Dada

What made the computer arts appealing to a variety of industries

ability to communicate images digitally

Which artist is representative of the Realist style

Gustave Courbet

Which is an example of straight photography

6th Avenue/Forty-Second Street

Who was the primary artist associated with the De Stijl movement

Piet Mondrian

What is an attribute of net art

interactive

From which country did the De Stijl movement emerge

Netherlands

Which group of artists focused their compositions on the exploration of mechanical motion

Futurists

Which artist used publicly available images from the internet to create works of art

Mungo Thompson

From which country did the Dada movement emerg

Switzerland

Who was the founder of the Bauhaus school in Germany

Walter Gropius

Which photograph captured the suffering of the poor during the Great Depression

Migrant Mother

What made it possible for early photographers to produce multiple images

negatives

Which qualities accurately describe the Art Nouveau style

sinuous, organic lines distinct contour lines flowing, plantlike forms

What early film used ten shots edited together to highlight a dramatic and consequential scene

Battleship Potemkin

Which common experiences of Black Americans informed and inspired the spirit of the Harlem Renaissance

the reality of modern urban life the rich heritage of Africa the ugly legacy of slavery

Early filmmakers looked to ______ as a storytelling model

theater

What was Vincent van Gogh's primary motivation in terms of his art

to express feeling and emotion through painting

To whom are the women of Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon advertising their services

to us, the viewers of the painting

The phrase "avant-garde" is a French military term for the first group of soldiers that go into battle

true

Which artist portrayed the true lives of those in poverty in 19th-century France

Daumier

Who invented the first workable film projector

The Lumière brothers

Which two artists are credited with founding Cubism

Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque

The theories of which early 20th century figure strongly influenced the Surrealist artists

Sigmund Freud

For what reason did the Bauhaus school close in 1933

The Nazis forced it to close

Where did American Romanticist artists seek artistic inspiration

The landscape

How does Pablo Picasso portray the women of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Their bodies are flat and angular with hints of primitivism.

How are films directed by auteurs similar to traditional art practices

The maker is easily identified

Romanticism was a rebellion against the claims of the Age or Reason, during which leading thinkers placed their faith in which of the following tenet

scientific inquiry rationality skeptical questioning

Romanticism was largely a reaction to what previous age

the Age of Reason

Which are similarities between the Art Nouveau style and the Arts and Crafts movement

-style rejected academic tastes and an emphasis on the Classical past. -designers created objects used in daily life in the same formal language as architecture. -designers intentionally erased the distinction between high art and craft

Who developed the style of "geometric symbolism" that came to be associated with art produced during the Harlem Renaissance

Aaron Douglas

Which photographer was adherent to the concept of straight photography

Alfred Stieglitz

Which artist, best known for work in other media, also had a prolific film career

Andy Warhol

Why did Pictorialism lose popularity during World War I

Artist were experimenting and exploring new trends in art

How was Fauvism crucial for the development of modern art

Artists no longer needed to confine themselves to replicating the "real" colors of the natural world

Which descriptions describe the Dada movement

Dada encouraged creativity, silliness, spontaneity, and the absurd. It was more of an attitude than a coherent artistic movement. Dada protested everything that had brought about World War I.

The movement that believed art created from basic geometric shapes and primary colors would promote harmony and order was called

De Stijl

Which statements accurately describe Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale

Ernst stated that this piece came to him in his sleep while he was suffering from a fever as a child. Ernst believed that unconsciousness allowed him to get beyond rationality and access a superior reality. The work is an assemblage of printed images, paint, and wooden elements the artist constructed.

The movement in art that describes any style where the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation is called:

Expressionism

For which reasons did Wafaa Bilal implant a camera on his head for his Internet performance entitled 3rdi

For which reasons did Wafaa Bilal implant a camera on his head for his Internet performance entitled 3rdi

What school of artists was named for a review of their groundbreaking 1874 exhibition as the Anonymous Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc.

Impressionists

Which statements accurately describe Eugène Delacroix's technique in The Women of Algiers

Forms are built up with fully loaded brushstrokes. Applications of color are broken. Contours are blurred

Which artist painted many images of people from Tahiti, whom he believed were spiritually inspiring, as well as beautiful physically

Gauguin

Which movement developed specifically in the United States in between the two world wars in the 20th century

Harlem Renaissance

What revelation did the artist Vasili Kandinsky have that changed his painting style

He realized that subject matter is incidental to a painting's impact.

Which qualities made digital cameras appealing to photographers

Images could be transmitted digitally. Images could be digitally altered using imaging software.

Which statements accurately describe the silent German film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

It is a horror film. The set designers constructed a visually jarring environment. It was filmed entirely in a studio.

When art does not agree with the ideas of a particular society or group, what often happens

It is censored from the public

Why was Marcel Duchamp's Fountain a controversial piece of art

It was a urinal turned on its side and signed

In what ways did the De Stijl movement conceive of nature as a source of artistic inspiration

It was irrational and irregular. It encouraged humanity's animal instincts, resulting in disasters such as war.

The murdered father in Honoré-Victorin Daumier's Rue Transonain refers to which religious figure

Jesus Christ

Which statements accurately describe Joseph Mallord William Turner's Valley of Aosta: Snowstorm, Avalanche, and Thunderstorm

Paint is applied in thick, unblended brushstrokes in an effort to evoke the power of nature. The focus of the painting is nature's unstoppable power, as sheets of rain and powerful avalanches are depicted hurtling into the valley.

In which ways does the silent film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari draw upon the visual language of early 20th-century German Expressionist painting and printmaking

Painted shadows exaggerate sharp contrasts of light and dark. The set designers created a world with uneven floors. Nothing appears visually stable or in proportion

Which artist described their technique as "little sensations before nature," structured by means hundreds of small, vivid patches of color composed of terse, precise, and parallel strokes

Paul Cézanne

Which artist influenced both Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in the development of the Cubist style

Paul Cézanne

How did photography influence artists working with traditional media

Photography was seen as a material that could be incorporated into their artistic practice

Which movement embraced labor-intensive techniques to create photographic images that were reminiscent of paintings

Pictorialism

Which artist depicted the true lives of Mexican people in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Posada

The first artistic movement to emerge in the 19th century, which was in opposition to both Neoclassicism and Romanticism, was called

Realism

How does Hannah Höch use photography in her collage Cut with the Kitchen Knife

She combined images from a variety of sources and placed them in a composition

Which descriptions accurately characterize Bauhaus art and design

Structures, rooms, furniture, and everyday household objects were stripped of superficial embellishment. It sought new guiding principles of design compatible with 20th-century technology. Functionalism was a core principle.

reasons the Farm Security Administration (FSA) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture subsidized the work of photojournalists during the Great Depression

The Great Depression caused great financial hardship among photographers. There was a desire to to record conditions across the nation for posterity

Identify the ways in which Wafaa Bilal's internet performance 3rdi can be classified as New Media

The Internet was the only place where viewers could access the performance. The implanted camera on Bilal's head captured one image every minute and transmitted it to a website. Images are transmitted to anonymous viewers by way of the Internet.

For what reasons did the Nazis find objectionable in modern art

The Nazis believed that modern artists were corrupt and sought to undermine German values. The Nazis believed that modern art was part of an insidious plot against Germany, perpetrated by Jewish people. Hitler claimed that abstraction was a sign of an artist's mental illness, immorality, and genetic inferiority.

Which descriptions accurately describe Berthe Morisot's Impressionist technique in Summer's Day

The brushwork is varied and free. The water and the women's dresses show the rapid, sketchy brushwork characteristic of Impressionism. The color palette is light and buoyant.

In what ways did the invention of the Internet bring about the creation of what is generally referred to as New Media

The computer became a gateway to a new form of public space that was global in scope and potentially accessible to everyone. The computer became a place to view art where images could be created, stored and accessed. Artists could claim a presence on the Internet by creating a website

In what ways did sculptor Richard Serra eschew traditional filmmaking methods in his film Hand Catching Lead

The film lacks a narrative arc. The film has no sound. The camera does not move or zoom in and out

In what ways does Beryl Korot use video technology in her five-channel video installation entitled Text and Commentary

The five weavings that the artist is filmed creating hang nearby in the installation, creating a dialog between old and new technologies. The five channels depict the artist weaving on a loom from different distances and angles. The five channels depict highly choreographed moving images in dialog.

Which statements accurately describe Gustave Caillebotte's Paris Street, Rainy Day

The painting appears meticulously planned and asymmetrically balanced. The wet cobblestones reflect the hazy light of the misty day. The perspective is mathematically precise.

Which statements accurately describe Thomas Eakins' Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic)

The painting was made for an exhibition commemorating the nation's centennial in 1876, and hailed the ingenuity and progress of the United States. Dr. Gross is portrayed as being an almost divine figure, and symbolizes the advancements of modern medicine and the virtue of scientific objectivity. The patient's mother recoils at the sight of her child undergoing surgery, a stark contrast to the impassive expressions of the medical professionals and students.

Which statements accurately describe the interior design and architecture of Victor Horta's Hôtel Tassel in Brussels

The railing's flowing decorative tendrils are repeated in the mural painting and the tile floor. The chandelier's lights are made to resemble flowers. Horta took advantage of the flexibility of iron in his designs.

Which statements accurately describe Raoul Hausmann's The Spirit of Our Time: Mechanical Head

The work calls out the absurdity of technology as a tool to slaughter people over pieces of land. The arbitrary added parts recall the prosthetics worn by soldiers wounded in the war. The seemingly arbitrary additions called into question the nature of art

Which are common reasons for the censorship of works of art

The work exposes government secrets to the public. The work insults a group's religious beliefs.

Which common qualities did art critic Jules-Antoine Castagnary identify among the works exhibited at the first exhibition of the Anonymous Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc.

The works were not aiming for perfection. The works aimed to capture an impression or a sensation. The works displayed sketchy brushstrokes that effectively captured the impression of shapes and natural light.

Which characteristics best describe Cubism

There is a merging of figure and ground, reflecting the assumption that all portions of the work participate in its expression. Objects and figures are depicted as a conglomeration of flat, angular segments with no conventional modeling. The role of color is of secondary importance to how form is represented in space.

After World War I, what did artists, designers, and architects find themselves trying collectively to see

a world that was better than it had been before

For which reasons did Gustave Courbet's A Burial at Ornans offend some art critics at the Paris Salon of 1850

They were offended by Courbet's refusal to beautify or sentimentalize the funeral scene. They were offended by the monumental scale of the work, traditionally reserved for historic events and important people.

Which artist is credited with adapting the conventions of Realism from its original European context to create a distinctly American Realist style

Thomas Eakins

Who used celluloid film to record the first genuine motion picture in 1894

Thomas Edison

Which statements accurately describe Vincent van Gogh's Starry Night

Van Gogh painted light, color, and form as he felt them. The intense colors of the sky are divorced from the colors of nature

Which of the following statements accurately describe José María Velasco's The Valley of Mexico from the Santa Isabel Mountain Range

Velasco contrasts the presence of the church dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe, a relic of Spanish Roman Catholic colonization, to the presence of the volcanoes in the background, which still bear their Aztec names. Velasco intentionally links the beauty of Mexico to its Indigenous peoples and their cultures. The work offers a sweeping panorama of the site where the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán stood before it fell to Spain in the 16th century

Which are advantages of video technology

Video could be recorded and played back immediately on monitors. Video can record and play back images in motion. Video does not require film to be developed

For which reasons did artists quickly adopt video when it first became available

Video monitors fit well within the context of traditional gallery spaces. Videos could be recorded and played back instantly

In which ways can internet or net art be interactive

Viewers can be connected to each other by means of the internet. Viewers can sometimes influence an image as it evolves on the computer monitor. Viewers can explore a space that has been created on the internet.

all the reasons artists during the 16th century were enthusiastic about the camera obscura as a drawing tool

With the invention of lenses during the 16th century, the camera obscura could be made to focus the image it projected. They were interested in naturalism in their art, and the camera obscura aided in capturing optically convincing perspective and modeling with light and shadow.

Which subject is depicted in Walker Evans' 6th Avenue/Forty-Second Street

a busy street in New York City

all the aspects that straight photography was concerned with depicting

a composition visualized in advance by the photographer only what was seen through the viewfinder

What parts need to be present for a camera to be functional

a hole or opening to admit light a lens a light-sensitive surface

What device was developed during the Renaissance to harness the principles of light as observed by the mathematician Alhazen

camera obscura

The Impressionist painters were most concerned with what aspect in their works

capturing light and recording optical sensations

Diego Rivera incorporated which subjects and themes into his large-scale murals on various Mexican government building

celebration of Indigenous life and culture Mexican history socialist politics

What type of art did Hitler prize and promote to German citizens during his rule

classical, naturalistic genre scenes of German life

In Fauvist art, which element is considered to be a fully independent expressive element

color

Matisse valued ______ and ______ over the accurate depiction of a subject

color; design

Experimentation with ______ and ______ defined the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century

color; form

When color photography became widely available, it was mostly used by whom

commercial photographers

Prior to returning to Mexico, Diego Rivera had been living in Paris, where he predominately painted in the ______ style

cubist

Detractors of Gustave Courbet's A Burial at Ornans at the Paris Salon of 1850 thought that Courbet had pushed what they called the "______" as far as it could go

cult of the ugly

Which are common subjects in Realist art

daily realities of the middle and lower classes everyday events and ordinary objects

Which were contributions to the development of Surrealist art

dreams eroticism theories of Sigmund Freud

What informed and inspired Surrealist art

dreams and the subconscious

Expressionism largely developed in which century and country

early 20th-century Germany

Russian painter Vasili Kandinsky, who organized Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) Expressionist group in 1911, was one of the first painters to

eliminate representation altogether

What did Realism depict

everyday and ordinary scenes

Which principle ideas of the Bauhaus movement are utilized in this poster by Herbert Bayer

font lacking serifs geometric forms primary colors

Which traits and values did American Realist artists promote in their art

hard work democracy independence

Romanticism was not a style so much as a set of attitudes and characteristic subjects including which ones listed here

imagination emotion intuition

Members of the Die Brücke (The Bridge) group, like Erich Heckel, created compositions that included which characteristics

intense, unnatural colors a harsh, angular drawing style thick, wavering contours

How does the Internet aid Wafaa Bilal in the creation of his performance art

it allows him to interact with a global audience

What invention is credited with the rapid expansion of photography beyond professional photographers

kodak camera

Which are basic requirements for the photographic process

lens to focus and refract light an opening to admit light

What artistic practice involves using recorded game play shots to create a digital film

machinima

The primary quality conveyed in Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space is Blank______, which is highly representative of the Futurist style

motion

Art made or disseminated using a computer and digital technology is frequently called

new media

Art made or disseminated using a computer and digital technology is frequently called:

new media

What is the name for the natural phenomenon of the brain and eyes in which the brain retains a visual image for a fraction of a second longer than the eye records it

persistence of vision

What media are known to be the first to record and project movable images

photography and video

The earliest photographs needed to be exposed to light for extended periods of time, which led to which results

photography studios requiring controlled environments moving objects not appearing

Which development brought about the concept of photojournalism around 1900

photomechanical reproduction

After the Mexican Revolution, which were concerns and ideals shared by the new government and artist Diego Rivera, who came to represent the Mexican muralist movement

plight of ordinary workers hope for social and economic reform treatment of Indigenous peoples, who faced discrimination

Meret Oppenheim's Objet (Luncheon in Fur) is an example of a ______, a distinctive contribution of Surrealism to art

poetic object

Which were modern technological devices that shocked the world with their destruction during World War I

poison gas machine guns submarines

Marcel Duchamp was famous for appropriating existing objects and altering them; these works of art were called "___-___"

ready mades

Romanticism was a rebellion against the claims of the Age or Reason, during which leading thinkers placed their faith in which of the following tenets

skeptical questioning rationality scientific inquiry

Which characteristics are presented in Julia Margaret Cameron's 1867 portrait of her niece entitled Julia Jackson

softened focus moody light

Since its beginnings in the 1990s, internet or net art has typically taken which forms that appeared around the same time

softwares web pages e-mails

Which descriptions apply to the essence of being an auteur

someone who is finely attuned to both words and images, and the interplay between the two someone who controls nearly aspect in the making of the film someone who is gifted in structuring an experience that unfolds over time

Which kind of photography has the composition framed in the viewfinder, photographed, and printed without manipulation

straight photography

Although he admired the Impressionists, which quality did Paul Cézanne believe their paintings lacked, which he, in turn, incorporated into his own compositions

structure and order

Which events brought the Harlem Renaissance to a close

the Great Depression of the 1930s the stock market crash of 1929

José Guadalupe Posada adopted his famous skeletons or calaveras from the imagery of:

the Mexican Day of the Dead

Against which concepts and people were the Dada artists protesting

the middle class business as usual

What inspired the group of artists who called themselves the Futurists

the notion that art could capture the sensation of motion, especially that of new 20th century machinery


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