Art 120 unit 4
How did George Eastman's invention of celluloid film enable the development of commercial motion pictures
It allowed multiple images to be strung together
Which roles in the making of a film are considered the artists
actors directors editors
What did Romanticism in the 19th-century Americas focus on
landscapes
Who was the first person to develop a photographic technique that could record a clear and sharp image, using a method that others could easily duplicate
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
The process of piecing together different clips of film to create a cohesive story is called
editing
Which aspects made it difficult for photography to be seen as an art form
early photos' lack of color easily learned and produced accuracy and detail of the captured image
What was the first historically important event to be documented in photographs
the U.S. Civil War
What does the German word Bauhaus roughly translate to in English
"building house"
Gertrude Käsebier sought to depict which of the following in her photograph Blessed Art Thou Among Women
the ideals of motherhood as consecrated and important
What did Dorthea Lange's photograph Migrant Mother document
the plight of migrants during the Great Depression
Early photography owed its popularity to
portrait studios
What was a lasting legacy of Dada
questioning of the very nature of art
Which form of Dada art is created out of found objects such as a bicycle wheel or a shovel
ready-mades
The earliest written record of the principle behind photography was penned by whom
Mo Ti
Which statements accurately describe Vincent van Gogh's artistic career
Most of his most renowned work was painted in the last two and a half years of his life. He suffered from both mental illness and professional disappointment throughout his short but prolific artistic career
In other works, Posada used his calaveras to poke fun at which other figures in Mexican society
icons of Mexican society the elite classes of Mexican society political figures
How did Umberto Boccioni conceive of the human form as it moved through space
as a field of energy interacting with everything around i
Compared to computers today, early computers were
extremely large
Light reflected from objects passes through a narrow opening, projecting an image of the outside world onto a surface in a dark interior is the basic principle for both photography and the
eye
Like the Impressionists, the Post-Impressionist artists had a cohesive style that was easily identifiable
false
What are the formal elements that reveal this painting to be Fauvist in style
flat patches of color that do not replicate the colors of the natural world pictorial design as opposed to naturalism
Adherents of the De Stijl movement believed that by distilling formal elements down to the essentials of line and color, art could achieve what
harmonious intellectual beauty
Which artist created the painting, Impression: Sunrise, which was in part, responsible for the coining of the term Impressionism
Claude Monet
Which qualities characterize Thomas Cole's The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, After a Thunderstorm) as an example of American Romanticism
Cole contrasts the sunlit cultivated fields and human settlement with the wild and untamed lands. Cole conveys an almost mystical reverence for the beauty of nature
How does Eugène Delacroix's The Women of Algiers exemplify the Romantic movement
It features figures in a exotic setting
Since the invention of film, there were people who claimed that film, like photography, could be practiced as a
art
A director whose films have a consistent, individual style in a similar manner to a painter or a sculptor is called a
auteur
Which development contributed to art's transition from a studio product to something created outdoors
availability of portable oil colors in tubes
With which art movement was Blessed Art Thou Among Women associated
Pictorialism
What type of landscapes were popular among Romantic artists
mysterious
Which characteristics would one find in a photograph taken by a Pictorialist
varied tonal range the blurring of certain details
Which previous artistic movement chiefly informed Surrealism
Dada
What made the computer arts appealing to a variety of industries
ability to communicate images digitally
Which artist is representative of the Realist style
Gustave Courbet
Which is an example of straight photography
6th Avenue/Forty-Second Street
Who was the primary artist associated with the De Stijl movement
Piet Mondrian
What is an attribute of net art
interactive
From which country did the De Stijl movement emerge
Netherlands
Which group of artists focused their compositions on the exploration of mechanical motion
Futurists
Which artist used publicly available images from the internet to create works of art
Mungo Thompson
From which country did the Dada movement emerg
Switzerland
Who was the founder of the Bauhaus school in Germany
Walter Gropius
Which photograph captured the suffering of the poor during the Great Depression
Migrant Mother
What made it possible for early photographers to produce multiple images
negatives
Which qualities accurately describe the Art Nouveau style
sinuous, organic lines distinct contour lines flowing, plantlike forms
What early film used ten shots edited together to highlight a dramatic and consequential scene
Battleship Potemkin
Which common experiences of Black Americans informed and inspired the spirit of the Harlem Renaissance
the reality of modern urban life the rich heritage of Africa the ugly legacy of slavery
Early filmmakers looked to ______ as a storytelling model
theater
What was Vincent van Gogh's primary motivation in terms of his art
to express feeling and emotion through painting
To whom are the women of Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon advertising their services
to us, the viewers of the painting
The phrase "avant-garde" is a French military term for the first group of soldiers that go into battle
true
Which artist portrayed the true lives of those in poverty in 19th-century France
Daumier
Who invented the first workable film projector
The Lumière brothers
Which two artists are credited with founding Cubism
Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
The theories of which early 20th century figure strongly influenced the Surrealist artists
Sigmund Freud
For what reason did the Bauhaus school close in 1933
The Nazis forced it to close
Where did American Romanticist artists seek artistic inspiration
The landscape
How does Pablo Picasso portray the women of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Their bodies are flat and angular with hints of primitivism.
How are films directed by auteurs similar to traditional art practices
The maker is easily identified
Romanticism was a rebellion against the claims of the Age or Reason, during which leading thinkers placed their faith in which of the following tenet
scientific inquiry rationality skeptical questioning
Romanticism was largely a reaction to what previous age
the Age of Reason
Which are similarities between the Art Nouveau style and the Arts and Crafts movement
-style rejected academic tastes and an emphasis on the Classical past. -designers created objects used in daily life in the same formal language as architecture. -designers intentionally erased the distinction between high art and craft
Who developed the style of "geometric symbolism" that came to be associated with art produced during the Harlem Renaissance
Aaron Douglas
Which photographer was adherent to the concept of straight photography
Alfred Stieglitz
Which artist, best known for work in other media, also had a prolific film career
Andy Warhol
Why did Pictorialism lose popularity during World War I
Artist were experimenting and exploring new trends in art
How was Fauvism crucial for the development of modern art
Artists no longer needed to confine themselves to replicating the "real" colors of the natural world
Which descriptions describe the Dada movement
Dada encouraged creativity, silliness, spontaneity, and the absurd. It was more of an attitude than a coherent artistic movement. Dada protested everything that had brought about World War I.
The movement that believed art created from basic geometric shapes and primary colors would promote harmony and order was called
De Stijl
Which statements accurately describe Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale
Ernst stated that this piece came to him in his sleep while he was suffering from a fever as a child. Ernst believed that unconsciousness allowed him to get beyond rationality and access a superior reality. The work is an assemblage of printed images, paint, and wooden elements the artist constructed.
The movement in art that describes any style where the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation is called:
Expressionism
For which reasons did Wafaa Bilal implant a camera on his head for his Internet performance entitled 3rdi
For which reasons did Wafaa Bilal implant a camera on his head for his Internet performance entitled 3rdi
What school of artists was named for a review of their groundbreaking 1874 exhibition as the Anonymous Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc.
Impressionists
Which statements accurately describe Eugène Delacroix's technique in The Women of Algiers
Forms are built up with fully loaded brushstrokes. Applications of color are broken. Contours are blurred
Which artist painted many images of people from Tahiti, whom he believed were spiritually inspiring, as well as beautiful physically
Gauguin
Which movement developed specifically in the United States in between the two world wars in the 20th century
Harlem Renaissance
What revelation did the artist Vasili Kandinsky have that changed his painting style
He realized that subject matter is incidental to a painting's impact.
Which qualities made digital cameras appealing to photographers
Images could be transmitted digitally. Images could be digitally altered using imaging software.
Which statements accurately describe the silent German film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
It is a horror film. The set designers constructed a visually jarring environment. It was filmed entirely in a studio.
When art does not agree with the ideas of a particular society or group, what often happens
It is censored from the public
Why was Marcel Duchamp's Fountain a controversial piece of art
It was a urinal turned on its side and signed
In what ways did the De Stijl movement conceive of nature as a source of artistic inspiration
It was irrational and irregular. It encouraged humanity's animal instincts, resulting in disasters such as war.
The murdered father in Honoré-Victorin Daumier's Rue Transonain refers to which religious figure
Jesus Christ
Which statements accurately describe Joseph Mallord William Turner's Valley of Aosta: Snowstorm, Avalanche, and Thunderstorm
Paint is applied in thick, unblended brushstrokes in an effort to evoke the power of nature. The focus of the painting is nature's unstoppable power, as sheets of rain and powerful avalanches are depicted hurtling into the valley.
In which ways does the silent film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari draw upon the visual language of early 20th-century German Expressionist painting and printmaking
Painted shadows exaggerate sharp contrasts of light and dark. The set designers created a world with uneven floors. Nothing appears visually stable or in proportion
Which artist described their technique as "little sensations before nature," structured by means hundreds of small, vivid patches of color composed of terse, precise, and parallel strokes
Paul Cézanne
Which artist influenced both Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in the development of the Cubist style
Paul Cézanne
How did photography influence artists working with traditional media
Photography was seen as a material that could be incorporated into their artistic practice
Which movement embraced labor-intensive techniques to create photographic images that were reminiscent of paintings
Pictorialism
Which artist depicted the true lives of Mexican people in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Posada
The first artistic movement to emerge in the 19th century, which was in opposition to both Neoclassicism and Romanticism, was called
Realism
How does Hannah Höch use photography in her collage Cut with the Kitchen Knife
She combined images from a variety of sources and placed them in a composition
Which descriptions accurately characterize Bauhaus art and design
Structures, rooms, furniture, and everyday household objects were stripped of superficial embellishment. It sought new guiding principles of design compatible with 20th-century technology. Functionalism was a core principle.
reasons the Farm Security Administration (FSA) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture subsidized the work of photojournalists during the Great Depression
The Great Depression caused great financial hardship among photographers. There was a desire to to record conditions across the nation for posterity
Identify the ways in which Wafaa Bilal's internet performance 3rdi can be classified as New Media
The Internet was the only place where viewers could access the performance. The implanted camera on Bilal's head captured one image every minute and transmitted it to a website. Images are transmitted to anonymous viewers by way of the Internet.
For what reasons did the Nazis find objectionable in modern art
The Nazis believed that modern artists were corrupt and sought to undermine German values. The Nazis believed that modern art was part of an insidious plot against Germany, perpetrated by Jewish people. Hitler claimed that abstraction was a sign of an artist's mental illness, immorality, and genetic inferiority.
Which descriptions accurately describe Berthe Morisot's Impressionist technique in Summer's Day
The brushwork is varied and free. The water and the women's dresses show the rapid, sketchy brushwork characteristic of Impressionism. The color palette is light and buoyant.
In what ways did the invention of the Internet bring about the creation of what is generally referred to as New Media
The computer became a gateway to a new form of public space that was global in scope and potentially accessible to everyone. The computer became a place to view art where images could be created, stored and accessed. Artists could claim a presence on the Internet by creating a website
In what ways did sculptor Richard Serra eschew traditional filmmaking methods in his film Hand Catching Lead
The film lacks a narrative arc. The film has no sound. The camera does not move or zoom in and out
In what ways does Beryl Korot use video technology in her five-channel video installation entitled Text and Commentary
The five weavings that the artist is filmed creating hang nearby in the installation, creating a dialog between old and new technologies. The five channels depict the artist weaving on a loom from different distances and angles. The five channels depict highly choreographed moving images in dialog.
Which statements accurately describe Gustave Caillebotte's Paris Street, Rainy Day
The painting appears meticulously planned and asymmetrically balanced. The wet cobblestones reflect the hazy light of the misty day. The perspective is mathematically precise.
Which statements accurately describe Thomas Eakins' Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic)
The painting was made for an exhibition commemorating the nation's centennial in 1876, and hailed the ingenuity and progress of the United States. Dr. Gross is portrayed as being an almost divine figure, and symbolizes the advancements of modern medicine and the virtue of scientific objectivity. The patient's mother recoils at the sight of her child undergoing surgery, a stark contrast to the impassive expressions of the medical professionals and students.
Which statements accurately describe the interior design and architecture of Victor Horta's Hôtel Tassel in Brussels
The railing's flowing decorative tendrils are repeated in the mural painting and the tile floor. The chandelier's lights are made to resemble flowers. Horta took advantage of the flexibility of iron in his designs.
Which statements accurately describe Raoul Hausmann's The Spirit of Our Time: Mechanical Head
The work calls out the absurdity of technology as a tool to slaughter people over pieces of land. The arbitrary added parts recall the prosthetics worn by soldiers wounded in the war. The seemingly arbitrary additions called into question the nature of art
Which are common reasons for the censorship of works of art
The work exposes government secrets to the public. The work insults a group's religious beliefs.
Which common qualities did art critic Jules-Antoine Castagnary identify among the works exhibited at the first exhibition of the Anonymous Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc.
The works were not aiming for perfection. The works aimed to capture an impression or a sensation. The works displayed sketchy brushstrokes that effectively captured the impression of shapes and natural light.
Which characteristics best describe Cubism
There is a merging of figure and ground, reflecting the assumption that all portions of the work participate in its expression. Objects and figures are depicted as a conglomeration of flat, angular segments with no conventional modeling. The role of color is of secondary importance to how form is represented in space.
After World War I, what did artists, designers, and architects find themselves trying collectively to see
a world that was better than it had been before
For which reasons did Gustave Courbet's A Burial at Ornans offend some art critics at the Paris Salon of 1850
They were offended by Courbet's refusal to beautify or sentimentalize the funeral scene. They were offended by the monumental scale of the work, traditionally reserved for historic events and important people.
Which artist is credited with adapting the conventions of Realism from its original European context to create a distinctly American Realist style
Thomas Eakins
Who used celluloid film to record the first genuine motion picture in 1894
Thomas Edison
Which statements accurately describe Vincent van Gogh's Starry Night
Van Gogh painted light, color, and form as he felt them. The intense colors of the sky are divorced from the colors of nature
Which of the following statements accurately describe José María Velasco's The Valley of Mexico from the Santa Isabel Mountain Range
Velasco contrasts the presence of the church dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe, a relic of Spanish Roman Catholic colonization, to the presence of the volcanoes in the background, which still bear their Aztec names. Velasco intentionally links the beauty of Mexico to its Indigenous peoples and their cultures. The work offers a sweeping panorama of the site where the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán stood before it fell to Spain in the 16th century
Which are advantages of video technology
Video could be recorded and played back immediately on monitors. Video can record and play back images in motion. Video does not require film to be developed
For which reasons did artists quickly adopt video when it first became available
Video monitors fit well within the context of traditional gallery spaces. Videos could be recorded and played back instantly
In which ways can internet or net art be interactive
Viewers can be connected to each other by means of the internet. Viewers can sometimes influence an image as it evolves on the computer monitor. Viewers can explore a space that has been created on the internet.
all the reasons artists during the 16th century were enthusiastic about the camera obscura as a drawing tool
With the invention of lenses during the 16th century, the camera obscura could be made to focus the image it projected. They were interested in naturalism in their art, and the camera obscura aided in capturing optically convincing perspective and modeling with light and shadow.
Which subject is depicted in Walker Evans' 6th Avenue/Forty-Second Street
a busy street in New York City
all the aspects that straight photography was concerned with depicting
a composition visualized in advance by the photographer only what was seen through the viewfinder
What parts need to be present for a camera to be functional
a hole or opening to admit light a lens a light-sensitive surface
What device was developed during the Renaissance to harness the principles of light as observed by the mathematician Alhazen
camera obscura
The Impressionist painters were most concerned with what aspect in their works
capturing light and recording optical sensations
Diego Rivera incorporated which subjects and themes into his large-scale murals on various Mexican government building
celebration of Indigenous life and culture Mexican history socialist politics
What type of art did Hitler prize and promote to German citizens during his rule
classical, naturalistic genre scenes of German life
In Fauvist art, which element is considered to be a fully independent expressive element
color
Matisse valued ______ and ______ over the accurate depiction of a subject
color; design
Experimentation with ______ and ______ defined the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century
color; form
When color photography became widely available, it was mostly used by whom
commercial photographers
Prior to returning to Mexico, Diego Rivera had been living in Paris, where he predominately painted in the ______ style
cubist
Detractors of Gustave Courbet's A Burial at Ornans at the Paris Salon of 1850 thought that Courbet had pushed what they called the "______" as far as it could go
cult of the ugly
Which are common subjects in Realist art
daily realities of the middle and lower classes everyday events and ordinary objects
Which were contributions to the development of Surrealist art
dreams eroticism theories of Sigmund Freud
What informed and inspired Surrealist art
dreams and the subconscious
Expressionism largely developed in which century and country
early 20th-century Germany
Russian painter Vasili Kandinsky, who organized Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) Expressionist group in 1911, was one of the first painters to
eliminate representation altogether
What did Realism depict
everyday and ordinary scenes
Which principle ideas of the Bauhaus movement are utilized in this poster by Herbert Bayer
font lacking serifs geometric forms primary colors
Which traits and values did American Realist artists promote in their art
hard work democracy independence
Romanticism was not a style so much as a set of attitudes and characteristic subjects including which ones listed here
imagination emotion intuition
Members of the Die Brücke (The Bridge) group, like Erich Heckel, created compositions that included which characteristics
intense, unnatural colors a harsh, angular drawing style thick, wavering contours
How does the Internet aid Wafaa Bilal in the creation of his performance art
it allows him to interact with a global audience
What invention is credited with the rapid expansion of photography beyond professional photographers
kodak camera
Which are basic requirements for the photographic process
lens to focus and refract light an opening to admit light
What artistic practice involves using recorded game play shots to create a digital film
machinima
The primary quality conveyed in Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space is Blank______, which is highly representative of the Futurist style
motion
Art made or disseminated using a computer and digital technology is frequently called
new media
Art made or disseminated using a computer and digital technology is frequently called:
new media
What is the name for the natural phenomenon of the brain and eyes in which the brain retains a visual image for a fraction of a second longer than the eye records it
persistence of vision
What media are known to be the first to record and project movable images
photography and video
The earliest photographs needed to be exposed to light for extended periods of time, which led to which results
photography studios requiring controlled environments moving objects not appearing
Which development brought about the concept of photojournalism around 1900
photomechanical reproduction
After the Mexican Revolution, which were concerns and ideals shared by the new government and artist Diego Rivera, who came to represent the Mexican muralist movement
plight of ordinary workers hope for social and economic reform treatment of Indigenous peoples, who faced discrimination
Meret Oppenheim's Objet (Luncheon in Fur) is an example of a ______, a distinctive contribution of Surrealism to art
poetic object
Which were modern technological devices that shocked the world with their destruction during World War I
poison gas machine guns submarines
Marcel Duchamp was famous for appropriating existing objects and altering them; these works of art were called "___-___"
ready mades
Romanticism was a rebellion against the claims of the Age or Reason, during which leading thinkers placed their faith in which of the following tenets
skeptical questioning rationality scientific inquiry
Which characteristics are presented in Julia Margaret Cameron's 1867 portrait of her niece entitled Julia Jackson
softened focus moody light
Since its beginnings in the 1990s, internet or net art has typically taken which forms that appeared around the same time
softwares web pages e-mails
Which descriptions apply to the essence of being an auteur
someone who is finely attuned to both words and images, and the interplay between the two someone who controls nearly aspect in the making of the film someone who is gifted in structuring an experience that unfolds over time
Which kind of photography has the composition framed in the viewfinder, photographed, and printed without manipulation
straight photography
Although he admired the Impressionists, which quality did Paul Cézanne believe their paintings lacked, which he, in turn, incorporated into his own compositions
structure and order
Which events brought the Harlem Renaissance to a close
the Great Depression of the 1930s the stock market crash of 1929
José Guadalupe Posada adopted his famous skeletons or calaveras from the imagery of:
the Mexican Day of the Dead
Against which concepts and people were the Dada artists protesting
the middle class business as usual
What inspired the group of artists who called themselves the Futurists
the notion that art could capture the sensation of motion, especially that of new 20th century machinery
