ART 121 - Exam 2 definitions

Collage

"Pasted Paper" from the French word "pasting" or "gluing" does not imply any specific materials method of composing a picture by gathering bits and pieces from various sources

Cartoon

A full scale drawing or preparation of work

Binder (for drawing)

A substance that allows pigment to be shaped into sticks (for dry material), to be suspended in fluid (for liquid media), and to adhere to the drawing surface

Engraving Drypoint Mezzotint Etching Aquatint

Different types of Intaglio

Woodcut Wood engraving Linocut

Different types of relief (3)

Fresco Secco

Dry fresco Pigment is painted onto dry plaster Doesn't have the same longevity and ususally flakes off

Cartoon of fresco

Full sized sketch that would be made of the fresco and laid next to the plaster Pinpricks are made along the contour lines and pigment is rubbed over the cartoon like charcoal When it is removed, the contours provide the spots that the artist can apply the pigment

Fresco

Italian word meaning "fresh"

Impasto

Italian word that literally translate into "paste" usually applied with a spatula have to see the painting in person to know if it is impasto or not

Logo

Part of a corporate identity Companies want their logo to be unique and associated with their traits

Giclee/ Ink Jet

Popular in recent years French word that means "sprayed" or "squirted" An inkjet printer sprays ink onto a piece of paper that is attached to a drum - the precise spray results in a print process can spray multiple colors of ink to produce this type of work Difference between this method and other methods is that there is no limit to the amount of prints that can be made using this method - No matrix or plate to deteriorate like the other methods

Seals/ Chops

Red marks in Chinese paintings tend to interfere with the overall composition - These red marks are signatures of sorts - have been used since the chin and han dynasties BCE - Usually made of a soft stone - or could be made with jade, bronze, bone - The carving of a seal is considered an independent art - The red seals usually depict the name of a person or a motto of a person - Traditional in Chinese art for an artist to add his seal to his own work of art - then all subsequent artists add their seals; some works then have numerous seals that can interfere with the composition - Useful though because then we know the provenance of the work

Buon Fresco

True fresco Pigment must be painted onto plaster Pigment is mixed with water and applied to a wet lying plaster ground (usually wall or ceiling) The pigment becomes very bright - this is all true fresco

Auteur

a director whose films are marked by a consistent, individual style, just as a traditional artist's paintings or sculptures are

Medium

a liquid that holds the particles of pigment together without disolving them

Monotype

a planographic printmaking method resulting in a single impression a typical technique is to paint the design in oil paint on a plate of glass or metal. While the paint is still wet, a piece of paper is laid over it, and pressure is applied to transfer the design from the plate to the paper

Lithography

a planographic printmaking technique based on the fact that oil and water repel each other the design to be printed in drawn in greasy crayon or ink on the printing surface - traditionally a block of fine grated stone, but today more frequently a plate of zinc or aluminum. The printing surface is dampened and then inked the oil based ink adheres to the greasy areas and is repelled by the damp areas

Screenprinting

a printmaking method in which the image is transfered to paper by forcing ink through a fine mesh in which the areas not meant to print have been blocked a stencil technique

Linocut

a relief printmaking technique in which the printing surface is a thick layer of linoleum, often mounted on a wooden block for support. Areas that will not print are cut away, leaving raised areas to ink

Tempera

an aqueus medium Pigment is mixed with a type of emulsion 13th to 15th century - most important medium for panel painting until oil painting after that revived recently

Aquatint

an intaglio printmaking method in which areas of tone are created by dusting resin particles on a plate and then allowing acid to bite around the particles also, a print made by this method

Engraving

an intaglio printmaking method in which lines are cut into a metal plate using a sharp tool called a burin, which creates a clean, V-shaped channel also, a print resulting from this technique

Etching

an intaglio printmaking method in which the design is bitten into the printing plate with acid. To create etching, a metal plate is covered with an acid resistant ground. The design is drawn with a very sharp, penlike tool that scratches the ground to reveal the metal beneath. The plate is then submerged in acid, which bites into the exposed metal. The longer the plate remains in contact with the acid, the deeper the bite, and the darker the line it will print also the resultant print

Mezzotint

an intaglio printmaking technique in which the printing plate is first roughened with a special tool called a rocker, which created a fine pattern by burrs inked and printed at this point, the plate would print a velvety black values are created by smoothing away the burrs in varying degrees (smoothing the plate altogether created a nonprinting area, or white) also the resultant print

Drypoint

an intaglio printmaking technique similar to engraving in which the design is scratched directly into a mental plate with a sharp, pointed tool that is held like a pen as it cuts through the metal, the tool raises a rough edge called a burr, which if left in place, produces a soft, velvety line when printed also a print made by this method

relief

any printing method in which the image to be printed is raised from a background

Woodcut

artist first draws the desired image on a block of wood then all of the areas that are not meant to print are cut and gouged out of the wood so that the image stands out in relief when the block is inked, only the raised areas take the ink finally, the block is pressed on paper, or paper is placed on the block and rubbed to transfer ink and make the print

Acrylic

associated with more recent art first used In the 1940s most popular medium used today quickly took over oil paint binder is synthetic plastic resins

Calligraphic or Gestural Lines

broadening or narrowing of the lines created by ink

Craquelure

cracks on oil paintings that happen over years to a painting refers to the pattern of cracks that are seen on some oil paintings can help us identify where the painting is from and the date of the painting by the shrinking and edging of the patterns and cracks

Daguerreotype

created by Daguerre light-sensitve surface that is made of a copper plate coated with silver oxide the first practical photographic process made public in 1839 produced a single permanent image directly on a prepared copper plate

Tesserae

function similarly to the dots in a pointillist painting each one contributes a small patch of pure color to the construction of an image, which comes into focus at a certain distance

Typography and Layout

in graphic art, the disposition of text and images on a page, or the overall design of typographic elements on page, spread, or book

Matrix

in printmaking, a surface (such as a block of wood) on which a design is prepared before being transferred through pressure to a receiving surface (such as a sheet of paper)

Registration

in printmaking, the precise alignment of impressions made by two or more printing blocks or plates on the same sheet of paper, as when printing an image in several colors

Edition

in printmaking, the total number of prints made from a given plate or block according to contemporary practice, the size of an edition is written on each print, and the prints are individually numbered within it. The artist's signature indicates approval of the print and acts as a guarantee of the edition

Wash

ink diluted with water and applied with a brush

Alla Primer

literally means "only one god" translated from Italian refers to how a painting looks - looks as if it was painted all at one time fairly quickly

Medium (singular) Media (plural)

made from pigment mixed with binder include - pencil (graphite and colored pencil) - metalpoint - charcoal - chalk - pastels - crayon

Mosaic

made of small, closely spaced particles called tesserae, embedded in a binder such as mortar on cement

Binder

medium acts as this an ingredient that ensures that the paint, even when diluted and spread thinly, will adhere to the surface without this, pigments wuold simply powder off as the paint dried

Camera Obscura

need a light tight rope light enters a hole image of the outside is produced onto a wall or paper or upside down and blurry lenses were created in the 16th century to focus the image mechanism was a drawing tool at this time a portable shack that could be carried once the image was captured, the artist could draw over it and copy the image without getting in the way of the light source created by Leonardo da Vinci camera is based on the camera obscura, but the one difference is that it could not preserve an image like a camera could

Gouache

opaque watercolor watercolor with a white pigment that gives it an opaqueness

Pigment

paint is composed of this, which is a powdered color that is compounded with a medium (or vehicle)

Watercolor

pigment is mixed with water and gum arrabic is the binder

Oil

pigment that is mixed with oil, usually linseed oil

Pigment (drawing)

powdered coloring material made from various organic substances mixed with a binder to create a drawing or painting medium

Planographic

printmaking techniques in which the image areas are level with the surface of the printing plate. - lithography and monotype

intaglio

printmaking techniques in which the lines or areas that will take the ink are incised into the printing plate, rather than raised above it

Tapestry

refers to a particular weaving technique and also to the wall hangings made using it

Provenance

refers to the history of ownership of a work of art - Still important in the west even though we don't have artists seals all over the works - if something has this, it will be worth more than without it - seals/ chops are useful because they tell provinence

Wood Engraving

similar to woodcut a relief printmaking process in which the image is cut on the end grain of a wood plank, resulting in a "white line" impression

- Buon Fresco - Fresco Secco

types of fresco (2)

Artist's Proof (AP)

very first edition of a print that meets the artist's quality standard may be abbreviated not included in the editions

Lapis Lazuli

virgin mary (depicted in blue usually because of a particular type of pigment that was found in the 13th century it arrived in Italy and was the most expensive color on the market so it was used to depict mary - called ultra mary when ground up and is called ____ ____ because it comes from this precious stone. Most expensive color used instead of gold - only found in a few places so it cost so much to import it - also hard to grind up

Encaustic

·Comes from the greek work burning in ·Mixture of pigment with wax and resin as the binder survive because they are funeral works from Egypt Were added to the cases of mummies to commemerate the deceased Forgotten about with the fall of the roman empire but then rediscovered in the 19th century