ART 227 Final Exam Study Guide
CASTLE IN THE SKY: (aka: Laputa: Castle in the Sky )
a 1986 animated film written and directed by legendary Japanese animation director, Hayao Miyazaki. This is the third of Miyazaki's long string of successful and influential animated feature films. *It is also the first film produced and released by Studio Ghibli
Neon Genesis Evangelion
a 26 episode anime series created by Hideaki Anno developed by Studio Gainax, followed by a two-feature film project, Death & Rebirth and The End of Evangelion and later, a four-part "rebuild" series of movies. Evangelion challenged anime's boundaries, its artistic and narrative aspirations and its audience's expectations
Peter Pan (1953)
musical based on Broadway play, problematic song ("What makes the redman red")
Lady and the Tramp (1955)
musical; Italian stereotype
Three Little Pigs (stereotype revision)
wolf originally was a caricature of a Jewish peddler (re-release made him into a college student)
Make Love, Not Warcraft (2010)
A satire about video game addiction, Parker and Stone collaborated with Blizzard Entertainment to craft the machinima used in the episode. "Jenkins the Griefer" became a symbol for hardcore gamers, internet addicts, keyboard warriors, and "nerdy" obsessives.
The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926)
Aladdin's lamp sequence
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
Amblin Entertainment and Richard Williams, 1986 -cartoons based on those of Tex Avery, they live in the same world as humans -no CG animation involved, all live action first with puppeteers manipulating them, then added 2D animation--shading done by optical printer -about greed and avarice
SPEED RACER (aka: Mach GoGoGo)
An early example of anime becoming a successful franchise in the United States, also spawning media spinoffs. -in color (1967); long repetitive dialogue
King of the Hill (1997-2010)
Created by Mike Judge and Greg Daniels. It centers on the Hills, a middle-class American family living in the fictional town of Arlen, Texas. Unlike Judge's scatological and raw Beavis and Butthead series, this show looks for humor in everyday life
Space Ghost (1966-68)
Hanna-Barbera productions
Quick Draw McGraw (1959-62)
Hanna-Barbera productions -Baballooey: sidekick and Mexican stereotype -El Cabon: hits characters with guitar-quick draw's alter ego
Clash of the Titans (1981)
Harryhausen's last feature film
Aladdin (1992)
Howard Ashman first pitched the idea, with designs based on the work of caricaturist Al Hirschfeld. Computers were used for ink, paint, and compositing as well as building some animated elements. Alan Menken and Time Rice, who took over Ashman's death, did the songs -went to war with Iraq while making this film :[ (ultimately didn't affect sales)
The Lion King (1994)
Influenced by Shakespeare's Hamlet. Directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff. Started off as a "Dumbo-esque" B picture but evolved into a major hit. Original songs by Elton John and Tim Rice, with a score by Hans Zimmer. -nobody wanted to work on it because it was the B-movie (to Pocahontas) -based on Moses and Hamlet
Knick Knack (1989)
Inspired by Tom and Jerry, Looney Tunes, Chuck Jones, and Tex Avery shorts. Bobby McFerrin improvised the acapella vocal jazz soundtrack to the film while watching a rough cut
The Black Cauldron (1985)
Loosely based on The Chronicles of Prydain by Lloyd Alexander, this is the first Disney feature to be rated PG, as well as the first to use computer-generated imagery. The film's failure at the box office put the future of the animation department in doubt -super expensive for a terrible movie -story was a mess -E.T. overshined this movie -was almost the end of Disney animation
Nimbus Libéré (c.1943-44, Raymond "Cal" Jeannin)
Nazi occupied Vichy France propaganda cartoon featuring a Jewish radio announcer broadcasting the imminent arrival Allied bombers, flown by Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and Popeye, threatening innocent French civilians.
Luxo Jr. (1986)
Pixar's first animation after Ed Catmull and John Lasseter left Industrial Light and Magic's computer division. It is the source of Pixar's corporate logo
Genndy Tartakovskys Primal
Prehistoric fantasy adult animated series (and compilation feature) about the adventures of a caveman and his dinosaur companion -8ish episodes, high production-episodes stitched together to make a feature -violent: not for kids, no dialogue
Spongebob Squarepants
Steven Hillenburg's long running series about a naively happy sponge, his friends, and neighbors, and other denizens in the undersea town of Bikini Bottom. Debuting in 1999 and running for 13 seasons, plus broadcast specials and 3 feature films
Adventures of Andre and Wally B (1984)
The Graphics Group (later Pixar) with animation by John Lasseter, featuring shapes capable of the squash and stretch, the first use of motion blur and complex 3D backgrounds -bee and caterpillar (?) -lighting
Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol (1962)
The first animated holiday program produced for television. Produced by UPA with songs by Jule Styne and Bob Merrill. -the very first animated Christmas show for TV (followed by Rudolph) -musical circle reprise: same song from beginning when something changes
South Park (1997)
Trey Parker and Matt Stone developed the show from two animated shorts: Jesus vs. Frosty (1992) and The Spirit of Christmas (1995-became the pilot and the first viral animated video). The show is infamous for its crude language and dark satirical humor, often directed at cultural institutions and current events
The Jungle Book
Walt died during production of this film-wasn't as involved in this point at his life, company went into flat era and lost its spark -TV at this time was Saturday morning, which were originally from theaters, idea of making shows from TV arose
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
Walt wasn't a fan and felt this one was rushed
The Secret of Nimh (1982)
An adaptation of Robert C. Obrien's Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH. Directed by Don Bluth with the goal of returning feature animation to its "golden era" -didn't make money but had good reviews (basically because it didn't have the Disney branding) -garnered the attention of Steven Spielberg
Colonel Bleep (1957-60)
Animated by Jack Schlea, this was the first color cartoon made for television and featured the futuristic "googie" design style of the 1950s. The short episodes were syndicated to children's "Uncle Shows" of early TV -at the end of all episodes, it gave a quiz that you could call in to answer -110 episodes, most lost due to incident with a stolen van
Ghost in the Shell (1995)
Anime science fiction film based on manga of the same title. Directed by Mamoru Oshii, the animation style and story have influenced much of anime and live action production since. -about the meaning of life--philosophical moments
A Grand Day Out (1989, Nick Park)
a little surprise in this excerpt from Nick Park's first Wallace and Gromet short (smart dog and dumb man)
Avatar the Last Airbender (aka Avatar: The Legend of Aang)
animated television series created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. Set in a mystical time and place where certain individuals can manipulate ("bend") one of the four elements: water, earth, fire, or air. The show is presented in a style that combines anime and American animation styling and story structure. Initially aired on Nickelodeon from 2005 to 2008. Followed by a sequel series, The Legend of Korra.
The Fabulous World of Jules Verne (1958)
directed by Karel Zemen. Based on Jules Verne's novels with production design that imitates the original illustrations of Verne's works, combining live action with various forms of animation. Zemen has often been called the "Czech Melies".
The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show (1959-64)
(aka Rocky and His Friends and The Bullwinkle Show) -supporting segments include Dudley Do-Right (satire of old-time melodrama), Peabody's Improbable History (a dog and his pet boy, Sherman, travelling through time), and Fractured Fairy Tails (classic fairy tails retold as parodies). From Jay Ward, Alex Anderson (Crusader Rabbit), and Bill Scott, the outsourced animation for the series ranged from just bad to awful, but fit the show's anarchic style -small budget, paid for good writing rather than animation -grandaddy of adult comedy cartoons
Brilliance (1984)
(aka Sexy Robot) Robert Abel television commercial for the Canned Food Information Council, featured an early method of motion capture technology to create a robot with reflective environmental mapping and human motion. -showed during Superbowl -Brute Force animation--motion capture aka electronic rotoscoping
CHICKEN RUN (2000 Peter Lord and Nick Park)
-Aardman's feature debut, Chicken Run is the highest-grossing stop-motion film of all time. -Nick Park: working on his thesis film (Wallace and Crumb) and made a film with Dreamworks for this one -based on The Great Escape (nazis trying to escape from POW camp)
LAIKA Entertainment
-American stop-motion animation studio, known for its stop-motion feature films, Coraline, ParaNorman, The Boxtrolls and Kubo and the Two Strings. All have been nominated for Best Animated Feature Oscars. -used to be Will-Vinten Studios -coined term Claymation -California Raisins commercial & the PJs -hired Travis Knight (owns Nike) and he bought WIll-Vinten studio and renamed it LAIKA
The Lost World (1925)
-Animation by Willis O'Brien, stop-motion pioneer. The first feature-length film to employ stop-motion animation as the primary special effect. Also the first dinosaur-oriented film hit. -based on book by Sherlock -Brontasaurus swims back to island retreat @ the end -first feature film shown in an airplane
Dumbo (1941)
-At 64 minutes, the shortest Disney animated feature, designed to help keep the studio solvent after the losses incurred by Pinocchio and Fantasia. -made for the rollo-book (which never got made) and only had 5 multiplane shots -low budget -had various racist stereotypes: o uneducated black people o black minstrel caricatures represented through crows (one was named Jim Crow) -clowns: o Disney studio went on strike due to mistreatment for five weeks o Art Babbot: main animator who made a lot of money was involved in strike and Disney didn't understand the strike--thought they were ungrateful o once Walt left the country, the strike ended but the tensions remained, all that went on strike were basically chased out of the studio--Walt almost brawled with Babbot o clowns made line about being underappreciated-dig at Disney -Disney made money from this film,Oscar for best music, one of the first two films released for home video
Aardman Animations
-Based in Bristol, England and founded in 1972 by Peter Lord and David Sproxton, Aardman is known for stop-motion clay animation shorts and features. -Morph: their clay figurine character that started their work with the BBC
Gundam
-Collectively called the Gundam Series, are science fiction based adventures that feature giant robots ("mecha"); "mobile suits" piloted by humans, with all of their human foibles baked into the plots. -many different adaptations -young people save the world -environments play a big part in aesthetic -animation looks complicated but isn't -defined the mecha genre
The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993)
-Directed by Henry Selick and produced by Tim Burton who initially developed the story as a project for Disney, while he and Selick worked there. Later, partnering with the studio to make the film, Nightmare revitalized the stop motion feature film genre -replacement animation for Jack's heads -replacement faces for Sally -others just manipulated parts
CORALINE (2009, Henry Selick)
-First LAIKA feature -new technology based on 3D printer; expressions were computer animated and printed and 3D animated-had to paint every face
Gulliver's Travels (1939)
-Fleischer studio animated feature, produced to answer the success of Snow White. This was the second cel-animated feature film and the first produced by a studio other than Walt Disney Productions. A success, Gulliver led to the production of Mr. Bug Goes to Town -they were given 2 years by Paramount to make this along with maintaining their other projects -Gulliver was entirely rotoscoped (radio guy)
101 Dalmatians (1961)
-used Xerox technique, had a looser, new style -did really well, people liked the new style
The Little Mermaid (1989)
-Following on the heels of An American Tale and Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Ron Clements and John Musker wrote and directed the story based on a Hans Christian Anderson fairy tale. Told in a traditional musical format, featuring a score by Howard Ashman (lyrics) and Alan Menken (music), this film marks the beginning the new Disney renaissance and the re-birth of animated feature films. -Bill Matthews: fish caricature -last Disney feature to use cals (?)
Metropolis (1927)
-German science-fiction film directed by Fritz Lang. Stop motion animation to establish futuristic city. Also special animated effects in creation of the robot Maria. -"grandaddy of science fiction films" due to special effects -C3PO look-alike -Fritz Lang eventually left Germany for the U.S. (wife stayed in Germany)
Fantasia (1940)
-Initially began as a Silly Symphony short, The Sorcerer's Apprentice, designed as a comeback role for Mickey Mouse, developing into a "concert film" consisting of 8 animated segments set to classical music. Was also a box office disappointment. -"Fantasound": surround sound outfitted 12 theaters -Bella DeGosi hired Dracula for poses -there was supposed to be an evolution sequence but it didn't go all the way to mankind as to not upset religious community -when Disney re-released it, it was advertised as a psychedelic film
Ray Harryhausen
-Inspired by King Kong, spent early years experimented with stop-motion, eventually hired as an assistant animator on Willis O'Brien's Mighty Joe Young (1949), winning an Oscar for Best Special Effects. Went on to animate many stop-motion/live action films. -worked alone; friends with Ray Bradbury
Momotaro's Divine Sea Warriors (1945)
-Mitsuyo Seo's WWII Japanese propaganda film for children, predicting the anime style -sequel to Momotaro's Sea Eagles -animal main characters, themes all about nature, working together, and fight to last man (tone change) -focus on machinery (beginning of MECHA themes in anime -Osamu Tezuka saw this film as a young man and was brought to tears by unity of man
Tin Toy (1988)
-Officially a test of the photo-realistic RenderMan software. Pixar's first Academy Award, and the first CGI film to win an Oscar, Tin Toy got attention from Disney Studios, agreeing to finance and distribute Toy Story -RenderMan: faster render, not just hard surfaces -Steve Jobs was behind Pixar and gave attention toward products
Der Fuehrer's Face (1942, Kinney)
-Originally titled Donald Duck in Nutzi Land, the cartoon features Donald Duck in a nightmare setting working at a munitions factory in Nazi Germany, and was made in an effort to sell war bonds. A good example of American World War II propaganda -Only Donald Duck film that won an Oscar -made fun of Hitler -Donald Duck says "Heil Hitler" -Film shown in theaters at the time but not released until WWII compilation (2004)
King Kong (1933)
-Pre-code fantasy/monster film directed by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack and produced by David Selznick, especially noted for its stop-motion animation and compositing effects by Willis O'Brien and groundbreaking musical score by Max Steiner -Beauty and the Beast, nature v. tech -Marcel Delgado: sturdy models; didn't win Oscar for special effects because there wasn't an Oscar for that until later -first American film with a score throughout the whole movie -theme music -recorded same as we do today, 3 tracks (sound, music, dialogue)
Pinocchio (1940)
-Today is considered one of the pantheon of animated films, but was a box-office failure during its first run -was supposed to be Disney's 3rd feature, but they pushed back Bambi so it ended up being their 2nd -"When you wish upon a star" -fantasy story: set rules up front -in OG book, Pinocchio kills the cricket (Wart=Cricket) -super complicated multiplane scene; animation used perspective -Stromboli animated by Bill Tightla, impressive transformation sequence, hand-drawn water -considered one of the masterpieces but did not make money since there was no European support (cost $3-4 million, made $2million) -first animated feature to win 2 competitive Oscars
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
-Was first to be a non-musical, but eventually The Little Mermaid's Howard Ashman and Alan Menken were brought in. Ashman also served as an executive producer. The film went on to be nominated for a Best Picture Academy Award. -needed Florida team to help (10-15 minutes of animation) -10 years later the animated feature award arose-given to Shrek -animated characters in a computer generated background
Tron (1982)
-Written and directed by Steven Lisberger, tells the story of a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape. Received an Academy Award for technical Achievement fourteen years after its initial release -Disney distributed (did not make) it -showed that technology was capable
Gerald McBoing Boing (1950)
-a UPA release by Columbia Pictures. UPA's jazzy stylistic design and upbeat story telling takes an Oscar -many companies tried to copy the UPA style
Uncle Tom & Little Eva (1932, Davis, Foster)
-a broad burlesque of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 anti-slavery novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" -originally called "Dixie Days" -all music played in minstrel shows, characters joyously pick cotton
Akira (1988)
-a dystopian science fiction animated feature, directed by Katsuhiro Otomo. -a landmark film, Akira broke from anime's usual limited animation style: a complex script, more expensive and time consuming layouts, lip-synced dialogue, realistic production design and articulated character animation -Akira slide (motorcycle move used in movies) -done on 2's all the way through -voices recorded first -cost $9million--most expensive anime at the time -occult film now
Space Battleship Yamato (aka Cosmoship Yamato and Star Blazers)
-a science fiction anime series written by Yoshinobu Nishizaki and directed by Leiji Matsumoto, that revolves around the characters aboard the space warship Yamato, derived from the World War II battleship of the same name, in order to retrieve a device from a distant planet and reverse the radiation infecting Earth after being bombed by an invading alien culture. One of the most influential anime series, its complex storylines and themes influenced future anime including Gundam and Evangelion -only 26 episodes -compared to Star Wars -typical space war story (science fiction with emotional attachment to the characters)
Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953)
-very loosely based on Ray Bradbury short story -knocks down lighthouse -Retosaurus (fake dino)
Mr. Bug Goes to Town (1941)
-aka "Hoppity Goes to Town" -relegated to second feature status, perhaps falling victim to Paramount assuming control of the Fleischer studio during production -the first film written FOR the screen -Fleischers were fighting as they knew the film wasn't going to be successful because they observed Disney's lack of success (due to the war) -Max and Dave Fleischer sold the studio to Paramount and it became Famous Studios, which survived until 1956
Evil Mickey Attacks Japan (c.1934-36)
-an example of Japanese wartime propaganda, using cultural figures to represent the enemy (the Allied forces) as well as Japanese society -made for children
Song Of The South (1946, Jackson)
-based on Joel Chandler Harris' Uncle Remus stories. The film's live-action sections, presenting a cheerful depiction of race relations in the Reconstruction-era South, remains controversial -tales about animals -condescending tale that assumes master-slave relationship was fine -James Basket: played Uncle Remus-black actor who won an academy award for this role (2nd black actor to win an academy award) -NAACP recognized the music and animation but also the idealistic depiction of slavery -overall won 2 academy awards (one for James Basket)
Wheeler Dealer
-cartoons owned Saturday mornings and prime time slots, specifically Hanna-Barbera
ParaNorman (2012, Chris Butler, Sam Fell)
-color printing introduced to 3D printing method
Jurassic Park (1993)
-directed by Steven Spielberg, the first installment of the Jurassic Park franchise, based on Michael Crichton's popular novel. Phil Tippet's "go motion" dinosaurs replaced by Dennis Muren's CGI creatures -Phil Tippet: "you mean I'm extinct" -CGI tested by TRex runing and dinos being chased by T-rex
Minstrel Compilation
-excerpt from Spike Lee's Bamboozled -series of people putting on Black Face -minstrelsy: based on stereotypes; "safe" for white people; oftentimes black face--mammy characters for women
Jason and the Argonauts (1963)
-featuring skeleton fight -considered his best film; 7 skeletons
7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958)
-first stop motion/live-action film in color -actor filmed first--film processed--animated character matches film
My Neighbor Totoro (1988)
-follows Castle in the Sky in the Miyazaki filmography and is generally considered the director's break through film. Winner of numerous awards, today Totoro is readily recognized as a popular culture icon -more serious than it lets on; kids live in realm because of ill mother, spirits guide them -hero's journey
Sazae-san
-from a comic strip by Machiko Hasegawa, developed into a television series premiering in 1969 and continuing to the present. It is a family friendly, intergenerational comedy and the longest running program, animated or live-action, in television history. Over 2,250 episodes containing over 7000 segments. To view the entire series would take about 38 days. -still on TV-Sunday nights alwasy -Machiko Hasegawa insisted to keep in Japan-no dubbing or merchandising
Education for Death (1943, Geronimi)
-is based on the non-fiction book by Gregor Ziemer, an American who lived in Germany until fleeing from the Nazis in 1939. The book highlights the Nazi schooling of young Germans, especially as it relates to preparing them for war. -nobody could see it for years after the war; shows growth from innocent to a machine; stereotype in order to educate
Russian Rhapsody (1944, Clampett)
-mocks Adolf Hitler, showing him defeated by "Gremlins from the Kremlin" (many of them are caricatures of the Warner Bros. animation staff). This propaganda was meant to bolster our relationship with Russia, then our ally during WWII. -near end of the war
Scrub Me Mama With A Boogie Beat (1940, Lantz)
-notorious for its casually racist stereotypes, this cartoon has been withheld from distribution by Universal since 1949, after strong objection was raised by the NAACP -hypersexualized black woman and mammy stereotypes as well as lazy black man stereotype -Lantz did not realize it was racist and once he heard he banned including ethnic people in works
Private SNAFU (1943-1945), Coming!! Snafu (1943, Jones), and Booby Traps (1944, Clampett)
-private Snafu is the title character of a series that was produced during WWII specifically for viewing by American G.I.s. The films were designed to instruct service personnel about security, proper sanitation habits, etc. The premise is that, through his irresponsible behavior, Snafu demonstrates what not to do while at war -Frank Khampra: if you have a message, make it entertaining -lots of Booby jokes -originally went to Disney for this, but Disney wanted to own Snafu so they turned him down
The Pirates! Band of Misfits (2012, Peter Lord, Jeff Newitt)
-recent Aardman feature -wasn't a hit, arguments on how detailed to make the pirates -uses replacement animation-3D printer -pirates mistook for Charles Darwin & Queen Victoria -debate over how detailed to make his beard
ASTRO BOY: (aka: Mighty Atom)
-television series based on a manga by Osamu Tezuka -first popular animated Japanese television series that embodied the story structure and artistic aesthetic that later became familiar as "anime" -starts with the death of a child--inspired by Metropolis and Pinnochio -iconic figure: start of anime -done on fours to save money -made to be played anywhere, no clear nationality so it could be syndicated anywhere
Coal Black And De Seben Dwarfs: (1942, Clampett)
-the film is an all-black parody Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The characters are classic examples of race stereotyping. On of the most controversial cartoons in the Warner Bros. library, it is, nevertheless, often named as one of the best cartoons ever made, in part for its African-American-inspired jazz and swing music score -one of the "censored 11"
You're A Sap, Mr. Jap (1942, Gordon-Famous Studios)
-the first cartoon from the studio after the Fleischer's ouster. The cartoon was kept out of commercial release for years due to its racially offensive, though historically significant, caricaturing of the Japanese -stereotype: buck teeth, glasses -made to demonize enemy so people feel less bad about killing them
Early Japanese animation (c.1929)
-unknown authorship, featuring Japanese mythological characters -common story: about bamboo cutter outside during a storm--finds spirits and has a dance battle -lots of pencil mileage--detailed drawings -animation relies on cycles, good layout designs
Sailor Moon
Based on a Japanese shōjo (ie: young girl) manga series. The adventures of a schoolgirl as she transforms into the title character who, with her companions, search for a princess and the "Silver Chrystal", an artifact of immense power.
The Simpsons (1989-present)
Created by Matt Groening, first as interstitial breaks for The Tracey Ullman Show, The Simpsons is now in its 28th season, with 601 episodes to date and another 20 or so slated through the current season. There is also one feature film, The Simpson's Movie (2007) -now there is 725 episodes and 33 seasons--would take about 12 days to watch it all -the couch gag -2009: became longest-running American show (Gunsmoke) -strip: Life in Hell by Matt Groening
Beavis and Butthead (1993-97 & 2011)
Created by Mike Judge, originating as a short film called Frog Baseball (1992). The series was adapted into the animated feature film, Beavis and Butt-Head Do America (1996) -they SUCK -controversial, jerks, nihilistic -had to put a disclaimer
Jungle Drums (1943, Gordon)
Directed by Dan Gordon, this is the fifteenth animated Superman short. It features a WWII propaganda theme (Superman vs. Nazi's) along with accepted African stereotypes of the period.
An American Tail (1986)
Directed by Don Bluth and co-produced by Amblin Entertainment. This was Steven Spielberg's entry into animation. The film was successful, eventually leading Spielberg to establish Amblimation, later to become DreamWorks animation, co-founded with Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen. The song, "Somewhere Out There" received an Academy Award nomination
Millennium Actress (2002)
Director Satoshi Kon's second feature, tells a complex, contemporary film-within-film story of a documentary director investigating the life of an elderly actress in which reality and cinema become blurred -animation is not for children!
The Computer Animated Hand (1972)
Ed Catmull and Fred Parke produced this short, one of the first examples of computer animation. Catmull animated an early computer model of his own hand. Park contributed to facial animation. The film was a course project when the two were graduate students at the University of Utah. -Ed's hand made the plaster model-ripped all the hair off his hand :( -very first filmed computer animation
Johnnie Quest (1964-65)
Hanna-Barbera productions -Jack Ozar warned that humans are hard to animate--uncanny vally-closer to realism -Hadji: one of the first POC main characters who's a hero rather than comic relief-still a stereotype though
Yogi Bear (1961-62)
Hanna-Barbera productions -named after NYY baseball player Yogi Bera -booboo: sidekick
Top Cat (1961-63)
Hanna-Barbera productions -still popular today in Latin American countries -based on the TV show Sargent Bilko (military comedy) -features with new episodes in Mexico pal and his gang go to outsmart people
The Jetsons (1962-63)
Hanna-Barbera productions The Flintstones in outer space--started with flying cars dropping kids off at school
Clutch Cargo (1959-60)
Notable for its very limited animation and especially for the "Syncro-Vox" optical system that superimposed real human mouths on the faces of the animated characters -Cambria studio: small studio that arose and wanted to work quickly
The Brotherhood of Man (1945)
Produced by the fledgling United Productions of America (UPA), based on a United Auto Workers pamphlet with the message that the similarities between people are greater than racial differences. Soon seen as leftist propaganda during the "Red Scare". -beginning of UPA style -got in trouble during the McCarthy era (communism) -John Hubley contributed to the abstract look to it
The Fox and the Hound (1981)
The film marked a turning point in the studio: Walt Disney's "Nine Old Men" (head animators who stayed with Disney through the strike) did initial development, but the younger Disney crew completed the project. The transition caused friction. Don Bluth Walked out to form his own studio. -Don Bluth: dream was to go back to Golden Age Style--called new style stale--brought 9 people with him -Glenn Keane had to step up and animated the bear fight sequence -Disney was facing problems at the time, someone wanted to "greenmail", or sell off, the company -at this time, Cal Arts opened the first animation program
Crusader Rabbit (1948)
The first animated series produced specifically for television. Alex Anderson and Jay Ward's very limited animation project was syndicated from 1950 to 1952; 195 episodes divided into ten "crusades". -basically just storyboards, made to be syndicated
Toy Story (1995)
The first feature length computer-animated film and the first theatrical film produced by Pixar, Toy Story introduced CGI to feature animation. Its influence continues to the present. Toy Story has spun off two popular sequels (1999 and 2010) with a fourth film in production -didn't use motion capture -Disney bought Pixar after this movie -pipelines: all CG, traditional CG, 2D-CG combo--paper went away
Cinderella (1950)
The first full feature produced by the studio since Bambi. The film was regarded as a major gamble, as the studio was on the verge of bankruptcy. If it failed, Disney Animation would have probably closed. Instead, it ushed in a string of popular and profitable feature films -Disneyland was being built and Disney was no longer in debt
GHOST IN THE SHELL 2: INNOCENCE (2004)
Traditional/computer animated sci-fi sequel to Ghost in the Shell, though director Oshii describes it as separate and not a true sequel, specifically following two characters from the original story: Batou, slowly becoming a cyborg himself, and Togusa, his human partner -CG in conjunction with 2D, purposefully confusing so people would watch it multiple times
1950s
movies suffered because television--tried to bring people back with 3D films, widescreen, and color
Sleeping Beauty (1959)
musical; hard to animate--Walt was insistent that it'd be perfect -first movie to use Zerox: no inking--chemically transfer cell--dangerous -Zerox was used for cells after this film -animators had no fun due to restrictions -they say Hell and show blood
The Flintstones (1960-66)
spoofing Jackie Gleason's television series The Honeymooners, the show revolves around the life and Stone Age times of Fred and Wilma Flintstone, a working-class couple, and their next-door neighbors, the Rubbles. Produced by Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera, The Flintstones was the most successful network animated franchise until The Simpsons. -made for adults -originally gonna be called either the Flydstones or the Gladstones -drive home from work and goes on couch--Simpsons based on this -sponsored by Winston cigarettes, had a laugh track
