Art Appreciation

Creativity allows an artist to do what with a theme or concept? Multiple choice question.

Expand on an idea to create new ideas

True or false: Concrete was invented during the late 19th century as a cheap and easily transportable material.

False

True or false: One can only be born with creativity, cultivating it is impossible.

False

True or false: The role of art and understanding of its role in society have been consistent throughout history.

False

Art that presents the visual world in such a way that we recognize its likeness is described as ______.

representational

Art that seeks to present the world as it appears in nature is known as ______.

representational

Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the ______ structural system.

shell

The ceramic technique in which the artist rolls out clay in flat sheets, allows some drying, then molds the clay is called ______.

slab construction

In what ways does Thomas Cole's The Oxbow indicate human presence in the landscape?

-An artist at work in the landscape -Shapes of the crop fields

What are the principal materials used for carving?

-Stone -Wood

What is a vast roofed space of post-and-lintel construction called?

A hypostyle hall

What is the fastest method of creating a hollow, rounded form in clay?

A potter's wheel

By what is the weight of a suspension bridge primarily supported?

A series of steel cables

What do the vanitas paintings of Audrey Flack and Juan de Valdes illustrate?

Artists provide clues to the interpretation of their work.

What was the 19th-century movement that promoted the handmade object and held exhibitions of pottery, textiles, and woodworking?

Arts and Crafts movement

The use of found objects as a sculptural material is an example of what type of sculptural technique?

Assembling

Suggested by the nature of perception, what is the key to looking at art?

Being aware of what may be influencing what we are looking at

To shape a hollow glass vessel, an artist can dip a long metal tube into molten glass, and then do what?

Blow air into the tube to create a bubble in the glass.

What metal is most frequently used in the casting process?

Bronze

What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?

Buttresses

What is the most common sculptural material used for modeling?

Clay

What is CAD/CAM?

Computer-aided design and manufacturing

Look at this image. Which features of this work rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged? (Taj Mahal)

Corbelled domes

For special events, artists are often called on to do what?

Create a work that honors the event

How did the attitudes of artists change toward producing objects during the 20th century?

Focus shifted from the final product to the process of making.

What can affect the content of a piece despite the objects used?

Form

Which architect used digital design and fabrication to create works such as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao?

Frank Gehry

Which metals may be forged cold?

Gold

What is a requirement for most ceramic objects?

Hollow core

Who created the early images found during the Paleolithic era?

Humans

What is iconography?

Identifying, describing, and interpreting an image

What is the description for a freestanding sculpture that can be viewed from any angle and is finished on all sides?

In the round

What culture is most closely associated with the use of corbelled architectural elements?

Indian

Why does William Hogarth use iconography in The Harlot's Progress?

It assists viewers in understanding the narrative.

Which is NOT an advantage of balloon-frame construction?

It can be built to conceivably infinite heights.

Why is meaning important for art?

It distinguishes itself it from other works that require the same skills.

What can be inferred about modern architecture due to the advent of new technologies and materials?

It is better equipped to respond to community and environmental needs

In a skeleton-and-skin system, what is the support structure of a building?

It is contained inside more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible.

Why does much ancient art that remains in the 21st century exist as terra cotta?

It was surprisingly durable.

The use of columns and arches in the Great Mosque allows for what kind of space?

Open space for large groups to worship

What is fiber?

Pliable, threadlike strand

______ allow the height of a vault to be increased dramatically without necessitating a wider base.

Pointed arches

Our sense of community is strengthened by having access to what area?

Public spaces

Where did Henri Rousseau draw inspiration for his vibrant jungle scenes?

Reading materials, local museums, and zoos

Meta Warrick Fuller's pieces were often about what subject?

Reconnecting African-Americans to their lost ancestors

Which is NOT a basic architectural structural system?

Stacking

Look at this image. What type of skeleton-and-skin construction is shown? (orangey, square city building)

Steel-frame

__________ construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques.

Steel-frame

Look at this image. What does the keystone do?

Supports the downward and outward thrust of the rounded arch

What is the ability for a building material to withstand stretching known as?

Tensile strength

As what are fabric structures also known?

Tensile structures

What is assemblage?

The art of bringing together individual objects to form a sculpture

Which statement best describes the performance of Joseph Beuys' How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare?

The artist has a spiritual role that required participation in social and political change.

How does Thomas Cole portray man's relationship with nature in The Oxbow?

The human activities near the river revel the coexistence of man and nature.

Why were jade, ivory, and lacquer prized by numerous cultures?

Their rarity

In lost-wax casting, what is the purpose of the metal pins placed into the clay core?

They hold the core in place after the wax melts.

True or false: Around 1980 many architects began using two-dimensional drawing programs to guide construction of architectural projects.

True

For what is jade the common name?

Two minerals, nephrite, and jadeite

Context helps the viewer do what with a work of art?

Understand how a work is perceived in its original setting

Which form of fiber art involves placing two sets of parallel fibers at right angles and interlacing one set with the other?

Weaving

In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a ______.

bay

Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of _________

bridges

During the mid-19th century the experimental use of ______ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system.

cast-iron

The technique of melting metal to a liquid state and pouring it into a mold is called ______.

casting

Which sculpting method includes using a specifically shaped container into which the liquid is poured and then allowed to cool and harden?

casting

The decorative ornament on the ceiling of a dome, which also serves to lessen the weight, is known as ______.

coffering

Andrea del Verrocchio's David was ______ by Piero de' Medici, one of wealthiest and most influential men in 15th-century Florence. Multiple choice question.

commissioned

The ability to make images is uniquely ______.

human

________ is a soft, uniformly-grained, material that can be carved easily and was frequently used as a sculptural material in southern in Germany during the Renaissance.

limewood

Architects call the forces that act upon a building ______.

loads

When glass is heated, it becomes __________, or melted.

molten

Representational art that records the true texture, color and actual lighting of materials is known as ______.

naturalistic

A circular opening at the top of a dome is called the ______.

oculus

The process of putting clay on the spinning disk of a potter's wheel, then shaping it with the hands, is called ______.

throwing

What is one advantage of reinforced-concrete construction?

An ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form

Which sculpting method includes using a specifically shaped container into which the liquid is poured and then allowed to cool and harden?

Casting

What did the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London do?

Established the success of cast-iron as a building material

When clay is fired in a kiln, it is no longer ______.

plastic

Look at this image. What is significant about the raised hoof of the horse Marcus Aurelius rides?

A fallen enemy was originally located beneath.

Look at this image. Bottle of Vieux Mare, glass, Guitar and Newspaper is an example what type of painting?

Abstract

__________ is the name for sun dried brick used as an architectural building material.

Adobe

Which are considered to be vegetable fibers?

-Flax -Raffia -Cotton

Look at this image. What type of dome is shown? (half dome with building inside)

geodesic

R. Buckminster Fuller developed the ______ ______.

geodesic dome

Used in building skyscrapers, ______ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone.

steel-frame

The key to fabric architecture is ______.

tension

Fibers lend themselves to a variety of techniques, and the resulting material is called a __________.

textile

Look at this image. What type of skeleton-and-skin construction method is this? (wooden blueprint of house)

Balloon frame

In the royal courts of 16th-century Mughal India, how did artists live and work?

-Artists worked collaboratively, featuring their best talents to create each image. -Artists lived in residence and were paid a monthly salary.

Which types of materials are suitable in the construction of load-bearing architecture?

-Brick -Ice blocks -Adobe -Stone

Which are methods used in carving?

-Cutting -Chipping -Gouging

Which are reasons early man may have created art?

-Desire to communicate -Desire to create meaningful order -Explore the limits of the raw materials used

Look at this image. Based on the ancient Egyptian convention of depicting human form, how are the pharaoh Menkaure and Khamerenebty portrayed?

-Facing straight forward, with the pharaoh's arms arms stiff at his sides -With idealized facial features and bodies

Which innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?

-Improved milling lumber techniques -Mass-produced nails

In what ways does nonobjective art differ from abstract art?

-It avoids depicting a visual relationship to the visible world. -Visual elements are central to what is represented.

Which descriptions apply to carving?

-It is more direct than casting. -It is a subtractive process. -It is more aggressive than modeling.

Which characteristics best describe synthetic resin as a sculptural material?

-The appearance of more traditional sculptural material can be easily mimicked. -A wide range of colored pigments in can be added to incorporate color.

Look at this image. What is the formal pose of Menkaure and Khamerenebty meant to convey?

-The power of the rulers -Their eternal existence -Their status as "junior gods"

Which are characteristics of earthworks?

-They enter into the natural world and participate in its changes. -The element of time is central to earthworks. -They were originally conceived of as a way to make art that could not be bought and sold.

Which are reasons for why artists create?

-To make obscure ideas into visual objects -To get reacquainted with seeing old concepts in a new way

For what reasons can we assume that only a small fraction of the wooden objects created over time still survive?

-Wood is susceptible to water. -Wood is susceptible to insects. -Wood is susceptible to fire. -Wood is an organic material.

Which of the following are examples of nomadic dwellings involving fabric architecture?

-Yurts -Tents

What philosophical field asks questions about the nature of art and its audiences?

Aesthetics

For special events, artists are often called on to do what? Multiple choice question.

Create a work that honors the event

What are the two main components of CAD/CAM?

Digital technology and computer-driven technology

Admiring an object based on its formal qualities rather than its functionality is known as what kind of contemplation?

Disinterested

Look at this image. Cabbage Leaf is considered beautiful through what intellectual pleasure?

Disinterested contemplation

What is a key characteristic of nonrepresentational art?

Emphasis on formal qualities

Why is the Buddha considered to have conventions of iconography?

Established styles have been passed down for centuries.

_____ ______ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated modules, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction.

Geodesic Domes

Which substance is made from silica, or sand, which can be heated, shaped, cooled, and reheated?

Glass

Who was the most prominent advocate for the Arts and Crafts movement in the United States?

Gustav Stickley

What historical event threatened the future of handmade craft objects?

Industrial Revolution

Look at this image. Produced in Greece during the 16th century B.C.E. this rhyton is a metal that can be manipulated in what way?

It can be worked at room temperature.

Look at this image. Why is the statue of Marcus Aurelius a political piece of art?

It depicts the emperor as he wanted to be portrayed.

What does the use of the bracket set and the stepped truss system do in Eastern architecture?

It distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns.

What made Piranesi's Il Carceri (The Prison) unique during its time?

It was created during a time when rationale and science influenced art.

Look at this image. Which was an innovation of the ancient Egyptian Chair of Hetepheres?

It was portable with armrests.

What might be the reason Rodin used marble for The Kiss?

It was the typical material used for sculptures.

What is the primary drawback of post-and-lintel architecture? Multiple choice question.

Its limitation to span relatively large open spaces

Which material is derived from the teeth of large mammals?

Ivory

Why do artists using lacquer need to exercise great patience?

Lacquer requires many layers to make a solid coat.

Of what is the nonporous, glass-like surface on ceramics created by firing the glazing made?

Powdered minerals and water

How can meaning be found for works that are difficult to interpret?

Research

Piranesi used his imagination and what other source to create his print series Il Carceri (The Prison)?

Roman justice systems

Which type of construction is shown? (looks like a brick version of a camp entrance)

Round arch

What set includes common community buildings?

Schools, courthouses, libraries, and hospitals

Louis Bourgeois's Maman is an example what kind of sculpture?

Sculpture in the round

According to one theory, what distinguishes artists from other "skillful makers"?

Style

What is the term that categorizes art by its appearance?

Style

When we focus on the visual information we need in daily life and relegate the remaining information to the background, what are we practicing?

Selective perception

Which are aspects of form?

Shape Color

What era of peoples first made use of fabric architecture?

Stone Age

What makes Janine Antoni's Gnaw unique compared to other sculptural pieces?

The artist uses her mouth instead of tools to cut away materials.

The work Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk gives viewers a glimpse into what aspect of daily life?

The domestic duties of court ladies

What is a drawback of load-bearing construction?

The inability to insert large openings, such as windows, in the walls

How do museums influence the way a work of art is seen?

The original setting is removed, changing the meaning of a piece.

To what is green architecture largely a response?

The unsustainable cost of industrialization

Why is the lost-wax process of casting suitably named?

The wax mold is melted away so that it can be replaced by the metal.

To understand Jeff Wall's A Sudden Gust of Wind (after Hokusai), the viewer must be familiar with what?

The work of art that inspired it

Why do artists rely on stories for subject matter?

They offer a culture's collective memory that is relatable.

How can creativity be cultivated?

Through training and focusing on the task

What is the purpose of green architecture?

To create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat

Some people in the art field distinguish between assembling, which brings sculpture parts on or near each other, and _________, which joins the pieces through a process such as welding or nailing.

constructing

Analyzing an artist's journals and letters for biographic details that impact our understanding of a work of art is an example of establishing ______. Multiple choice question.

context

A work of art that is made for a specific place using natural materials found there is called a(n) ______.

earthwork

When a metal is shaped through hammer blows, it is called ______. Multiple choice question.

forging

A hard white translucent ceramic made of white clay is called ______.

porcelain

The architectural element that gaps the transition from a square base to a domed roof is known as a ______.

pendentive

Society views artists as ______.

specialists

The ______ is the essential geometric form in the construction and support of a geodesic dome.

triangle

Because ______ is renewable, available, and easily carved, almost all civilizations, old and new, have made objects from it.

wood