Art Appreciation

Located outside Wiltshire, England, Stonehenge was created to

calculate solar and lunar movements.

Michelangelo's David has a naturalistic pose, called _______ and influenced by the Classical sculpture of the ancient Greeks.

contrapposto

Polykleitos' Spear Bearer illustrates the use of the ______________ pose.

contrapposto

Eugene Delacroix was famous for his painterly qualities, which means he used paint to

define shapes by changes in color

Japanese ukiyo-e prints depicted the

everyday world

Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 by Marcel Duchamp was influenced by

experiments in stroboscopic photography.

Islamic art is unlike Western art because it prohibits

figural art in a religious context.

Two million years ago, the first stone tools enabled our ancestors to

gain some control over their relationship to their surroundings.

Power figures of the Congo often have _______ added to them because it is thought to have special symbolic meaning.

iron

The Native American Hopis and Zunis identify invisible life force spirits as

kachinas.

A _______ is a Muslim theological school where the history of Islam and the interpretation of the Qur'an are taught.

madrasa

The Great Mosque is complete with a _______ to mark the building's location and allow the faithful to be called to prayer by a chanter.

minaret

In the Futurist sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space by Umberto Boccioni, the artist attempts to fuse the sculptural form with

space

The image Woman of Willendorf is thought to be associated with

the Great Mother Goddess.

Ancient cities in Mexico such as Teotihuacan featured temples, like the Temple of the Feathered Serpent, as well as _______,one of the largest of its kind in the world.

the Pyramid of the Sun

Shah Jahan commissioned this structure as a tomb for his favorite wife.

the Taj Mahal

In the Netherlands, the major patrons of such artists as Vermeer and Rembrandt were

the wealthy merchant class.

In Nigeria, the Yoruba continue their strong tradition of _______, as seen in Olembe Alaye's House Post.

wood carving

African textiles, such as Kente cloth, feature long narrow strips of cloth that are _______ and _______ together to make garments or blankets.

woven; sewn

The ancient Sumerians developed the world's first wheel, plow, and

writing.

The Mesopotamians built their temples, such as that of Ur-Nammu, on a type of structure called a(n)

ziggurat

Because of the twentieth century's rapid changes and discoveries, artists searching for new ways to express new realities felt they had to put aside their dependence on

The Renaussabce

During the eighth and ninth centuries, the Byzantine Empire was faced with the Iconoclastic Controversy, a debate over religious images that at times turned violent.

True

Jan van Eyck's reflection can be seen in the mirror of The Arnolfini Portrait. His reflection in addition to his signature and the date, 1434, refer to van Eyck as having been a witness to the wedding ceremony depicted in the painting.

True

Kouros is a Greek word meaning "male youth." Kore is a Greek word for "female youth." The word kouros is also used to describe life-size, freestanding Archaic-style Greek sculptures that depict honorable nude males.

True

Northern Renaissance artists like Flemish painter Jan van Eyck, were even more concerned than the Italians with depicting life in the real world.

True

The Book of Kells features a page known as the "Chi-Rho monogram" because it is depicts the first two letters of "Christ" in Greek (XP).

True

The Romans were expert engineers who employed their technical abilities to create massive structures with concrete. For example, the Pantheon's dome--a large indoor space--was built with concrete.

True

Unlike many works of art that depict Jesus Christ as a divine and heavenly figure, Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper was one of the first to focus on Jesus as an accessible person. The painting reveals Jesus' divinity in an earthly setting, among disciples who look like us. This facet of The Last Supper is related to the emergence of Humanism as a social and cultural attitude that permeated the Renaissance.

True

Sprinkled powders and beads found at prehistoric gravesites suggest ritual burial practices.

True.

The Lyre from "The King's Grave" features a scene believed to be from the great classic Sumerian work of literature, the Epic of Gilgamesh.

True.

The first famous civilizations were those in four fertile river valleys: The Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq, the Nile River in Egypt, the Indus River in west Pakistan and India, and the Yellow River in northern China.

True.

There is still scholarly debate regarding when art began. For example, archaeologists digging in Blombos Cave in South Africa unearthed what may qualify as the earliest works of art that we know of--pieces of engraved ochre bearing marks that appear to be symbols. Yet, depending on how one defines art, the debate continues

True.

The purse cover from the Sutton Hoo Ship Burial illustrates one distinguishing characteristic of the art of migrating peoples of the Middle Ages that is based on

animals.

Sesshu painted in a style that was called haboku, meaning

"flung ink."

This book illustrates the most respected form of Muslim calligraphy, the writing of the words of this text.

Qur'an

Which style/period of art is best described as: decorative, sensual, exuberant, extravagant, and often frivolous?

Rococo

Portrait Head of an Old Man is an example of sculpture from the _______ portrait tradition.

Roman

The indigenous religion of Japan is an ancient form of nature and ancestor worship called

Shinto.

The Hindu sculpture Nataraja depicts the god _______ as King of Dance.

Shiva

The artist who painted Blue Mountain and Composition IV, Wassily Kandinsky, felt that abstract and nonrepresentational art led to a ne

Spirituality

One feature that set Gothic architecture apart from Romanesque was the extensive use of

Stained Glass

In the evolution of Buddhist architecture, early burial mounds led to the Indian

Stupa

In an attempt to break completely with European civilization in pursuit of spiritual truth, Paul Gauguin moved to _______.

Tahiti

Which work of art represents the clearest summation of the following Renaissance beliefs and artistic conventions: Humanism Linear Perspective Philosophy Classical Inspiration

Raphael's The School of Athens

The Horse Fair was painted by Rosa Bonheur, the artist who had to get police permission to wear trousers. It is an excellent example of

Realism

Tutankhamen is the best-known pharaoh today because, unlike other Egyptian kings, his tomb has not been found. Therefore, the mysterious mythology behind this "boy king" has sparked the human imagination for centuries.

False.

In Jan van Eyck's The Arnolfini Portrait, the woman is wearing a green dress to symbolize

Fertility

Picasso combined lessons from Cézanne with _______ sculpture to produce Les Demoiselles d' Avignon.

African

Modern art arrived in America by way of exhibitions and promotions through photographer

Alfred Stieglitz.

Decorated with stories about Vishnu, _______ is one of the most famous monuments of Cambodia.

Angkor Wat

Which of the following women gained widespread notoriety during the so-called Baroque Period of the seventeenth century?

Artemesia Gentileschi

The Greek Parthenon was designed to honor_______, goddess of wisdom and warfare and protector of the city of Athens

Athena Parthenos

Early Christian art was created in private homes and underground burial chambers called

Catacombs

_______ is an excellent example of Gothic architecture.

Chartres Cathedral

The wall painting of animals is located in south-central France at

Chauvet Cave.

Leonardo da Vinci's technique of blurred edges, as seen in his Mona Lisa, is a special type of _______ the artist invented called sfumato.

Chiaroscuro

The Pantheon's dome features recessed decorative squares called ______________.

Coffers

A good example of Synthetic Cubism, Violin, Fruit and Wineglass by Picasso utilized papier collé, which became known as

Collage

The Pyramids of Egypt are the world's best-known examples of

Commemorative Art.

Many Baroque characteristics developed as propaganda for the

Counter-Reformation.

It was Marcel Duchamp who was responsible for bringing motion to

Cubism

Which of the following works of art was the first life-sized, free-standing nude figure created since Roman times?

David by Donatello

The Greeks created temples that employed three architectural orders. These three orders are most easily distinguished by the capitals used at the tops of columns. The three Greek orders of architecture are:

Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), by _______, was considered scandalous because of its loose brushwork and depiction of ordinary subjects.

Edouard Manet

Native Australians believe that time—past, present and future—exists as

Enternal Dreamtime

Both Diego Velázquez's Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor) and Jan van Eyck's The Arnolfini Portrait feature self-portraits.

False

Both Veronese's Feast in the House of Levi (originally, a Last Supper image) and Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper go against tradition by depicting Jesus Christ in a worldly setting with flawed human beings that include buffoons, drunkards, and similar vulgarities.

False

The Pantheon was built by the Greeks.

False

The Pantheon was built to worship one Roman god (Jupiter, the Roman equivalent to the Greek god Zeus).

False

The Roman Colosseum functioned as a large "audience hall"--a place for governmental meetings

False

The Romans placed stained-glass windows in their basilicas. Yet, the art form of stained glass was not widely used until the Romanesque and Gothic periods.

False

Monoliths are rock carvings (images and other unique marks) made by scratching or pecking the surface of exposed stone.

False.

Petroglyphs are rock carvings (images and other unique marks) made by scratching or pecking the surface of exposed stone

False.

The Greeks named the broad plain between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers Mesopotamia, "the land of milk and honey." Today, this plain is part of central Iraq, with bordering areas of Syria and Turkey.

False.

The stylistic characteristics of ancient Egyptian art radically changed over time due to centuries of foreign cultural influence that reshaped Egyptian art over hundreds of years.

False.

The term "Paleolithic" means "New Stone." "Neolithic" means "Old Stone."

False.

Caravaggio's high contrast of lights and dark as well as the extreme _______ of Saint Paul create a vivid and dramatic portrayal of The Conversion of Saint Paul.

Foreshortening

The Rococo style, with its decorative and sensual qualities, was particularly suited to the extravagant and often frivolous life of the

French court and aristocracy.

____________ depict the lives and surroundings of common people. These paintings normally depict everyday life are still beloved today.

Genre Paintings

The first Christian churches were patterned after Roman basilicas used by the Romans as

Government Buildings.

Art during Greece's ________________ period became more dynamic and less idealized. Works of art from this period are more expressive and frequently show exaggerated movement.

Hellenistic

Sexual ecstasy as a metaphor for divine love is found in the art of the

Hindus

The Renaissance ushered in an age of logical thought and the new philosophical, literary, and artistic movement called __________.

Humanism

The _______ are known for their skill at building with huge, carefully cut and fitted stones, as seen in Machu Picchu.

Inca

The ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were located in the

Indus Valley

Which of the following artists was one of the first to use oil paint to create life-like representations?

Jan van Eyck

Edgar Degas' paintings revealed his interest in the candid attitudes found in street photography and the asymmetry of

Japanese Prints

The Holy Trinity fresco, by Masaccio, is considered to be the first Renaissance painting based on the use of

Linear Perspective

The indigenous peoples of New Zealand, the _______, built elaborate meeting houses for extended family gatherings and rituals.

Maori

During the Neolithic period, art went from _________ to ___________.

Naturalistic to abstract

Angelica Kauffmann's paintings, such as Cornelia, Pointing to Her Children as Her Treasures, were in the _______ style, which was based on Greek and Roman models.

Neoclassic

The vessel earthenware beaker is from the _______ period.

New Stone Age

The word "Neolithic" means

New Stone Age

The head from the _______ culture is one of the oldest surviving examples of sub-Saharan art.

Nok

The Hopewell culture built large mounds, such as the Great Serpent Mound in what is now the state of

Ohio

The first large sculptures since Roman times can be found _______ in Romanesque churches.

Over the central doorway

The Post-Impressionists felt the Impressionists did not allow room for

Personal Expression

The Terra Cotta Warriors were found in the tomb of Emperor _______, from whom China takes its name.

Qin

Porcelain plates made by the Chinese were decorated using _______ because it was the only color that could survive the high heat of the kilns.

blue