Art Edu Prac Test 10

What is an accurate definition of the term, effigy?

A likeness or image, especially of a person. An effigy is a likeness or image, especially of a person. The term is typically associated with full-length figures of the deceased, lying with hands pressed together in prayer

The Taj Mahal was built as

A mausoleum The Taj Mahal was built by the Emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum to house the tomb of his favorite wife. After the death of the Emperor, orthodox Islam became a powerful cultural force in India, and figurative art went into a period of decline.

The image above is an example of a woodcut done by one of the foremost printmaking artists whose works represented a watershed in the history of printmaking. This artist is which of the following?

Albrecht Dürer Albrecht Dürer has been regarded as the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance. His woodcuts, which have a Gothic flavor to them, established him as one of the foremost printmaking artists of the Renaissance.

Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel are called

Complementary colors Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel are called complementary colors. The farther away colors are from each other on the color wheel, the less similar they are and the more they contrast. Colors that are opposite each other have the least similarity and the greatest contrast. In color theory, two colors are complementary if, when combined, they produce a neutral color (gray, white, or black).

Which of the following refers to a prehistoric monument surrounded by a circle of monoliths?

Cromlech. A cromlech is a prehistoric monument, typically surrounded by a circle of monoliths. Post-and-lintel is a type of architecture; and obelisks and cairns are also types of monuments, although not usually surrounded by other structures.

Which of the following terms refers to the space in a cruciform church formed by the intersection of the nave and transept?

Crossing. The crossing refers to the space in a cruciform church formed by the intersection of the nave and transept

The contemporary artist who emphasizes a painting as an independent object in his canvases and was known for his mechanical drawing, using rulers, squares, and French-curve templates to sketch on graph paper is which of the following?

Frank Stella Frank Stella is one of the most original of contemporary artists. He insists on the painting as a self-sufficient object. He wants the viewer to see the "whole idea without any confusion."

What term is used to describe a mosaic or pattern formed by the inlay of decorative pieces of wood?

Intarsia Intarsia is a woodworking technique that used varied shapes, sizes, and types of wood fitted together to form a mosaic. Intarsia uses variations in the natural grain and color of wood to create patterns. Sometimes areas of the pattern are raised to create depth.

What type of printmaking is based on the chemical repellence of oil and water?

Lithography Lithography is based on the chemical repellence of oil and water. Designs are drawn or painted with greasy ink or crayons on specially treated limestone. The stone is moistened with water, which adheres to areas not covered with the design. Ink is then applied to the stone with a roller, and a print is made by pressing paper against the inked drawing.

What term is used to describe a late Renaissance style of art that depicted the human form in exaggerated poses in unnatural settings?

Mannerism Mannerist painters such as El Greco typically depicted the human form in exaggerated poses in unnatural settings. Mannerism was also characterized by artificial colors, intense emotion, unusual perspective, and complex composition.

Where is the Sistine Chapel located?

Vatican City

The Bauhaus school of design was founded by

Walter Gropius

Finishing a piece of knitting by passing the first stitch over the next and so on, until there is only one stitch left is known as which of the following?

binding off Binding off is finishing a piece of knitting by passing the first stitch over the next and so on, until there is only one stitch left. The last stitch has the end of the yarn passed through it to complete the work. There are several variations on the method.

Which of the following grades is the softest graphite pencil?

4B Pencils labeled "H" are harder than pencils labeled "B." In pencils labeled B, the higher the number, the softer the pencil. So the softest of these pencils is 4B.

A good quality cotton duck canvas would be which of the following grades?

12 - 15 oz. The weight of canvas is measured in ounces per square yard (oz.) or grams per square meter (gsm). The higher the number is, the greater density of threads. Better-grade cotton canvas, known as cotton duck, comes in 12 oz. and 15 oz grades.

_______________is a translucent, synthetic resin that has been oil-modified to make it suitable as a paint medium.

Alkyd. Alkyd is a translucent, synthetic resin that has been oil-modified to make it suitable as a paint medium. Good-quality alkyd mediums speed the drying process and form a flexible, virtually non-yellowing film. They come in various consistencies, from a liquid gel, which is suitable for glazing and subtle blending, to a stiff gel specifically for impasto and texture work. Alkyd mediums may be thinned with turpentine or mineral spirits.

The artists who took life on the Midwest American plains as their subject, elevating its inhabitants to heroic stature, were part of which of the following forms of realism?

American Scene Those artists known as American Scene painters, Thomas Hart Benton, John Steuart Curry, and Grant Wood, took life on the plains as their subject. In WPA murals produced during the Depression, they romanticized the pioneer spirit in an attempt to inspire optimism in a time of despair.

The Book of Kells is

An illuminated manuscript The Book of Kells is the most famous illuminated manuscript of the Middle Ages. Created by monks, it contains the four gospels in Latin with accompanying illustrations.

This work was most likely created by which of the following?

Ancient Greeks. Ancient Greek pottery is shown in the illustration; and thrived during a period of great art production. It typically portrayed slender figures performing everyday tasks.

Who was the artist who with his pictures of soup tins and bank notes, and brought everyday world into museums?

Andy Warhol. With his pictures of soup tins and banknotes, the American painter, graphic artist, and filmmaker, Andy Warhol brought the everyday world into museums. He turned stars into art and turned himself, the artist, into a star. Even as a child, Andy wanted to be as famous as the politicians and film stars he read about in glossy magazines.

Which of the following phrases best describes the term, rhopography?

Art that is composed of trivial objects, that is similar to Dadaist readymades. The term, rhopography, refers to art that is created out of seemingly trivial items, such as garbage or half-eaten food. It is similar to some of the works that emerged from the Dadaist Period.

Which of the following animal types was known as a scarab in Ancient Egypt?

Beetle. Its symbol particularly prevalent in jewelry, a scarab refers to a sacred type of beetle in Ancient Egypt.

Which of the following is not a product that is used in sculpting tool care?

Boneware Handy Oil, Burma Gouge Slip, and combination stones are used to sharpen or oil stones.

The most commonly used metal in cast metal sculpture is

Bronze The physical properties of bronze make it relatively easy to cast and to separate from the mold after casting. Its strength also makes it ideal for creating sculptures that have slender weight-bearing elements.

Which of the following is most similar to tenebrism?

Chiaroscuro Tenebrism is the use of dark shades in the background of a painting to highlight forms. It was used by a number of seventeenth century painters, most notably Caravaggio. Tenebrism is similar to the earlier technique of chiaroscuro, which uses strong contrasts between light and dark.

What does this painting illustrate?

Chiaroscuro This painting, "Sacred and Profane Love" by Giovanni Baglione, is an excellent example of chiaroscuro. In general terms, chiaroscuro refers to bold contrasts of light and dark. Artists and art historians also use the term to describe the use of contrasts in light and dark to portray three-dimensional objects, such as the human body.

Which of the following statements about chroma color is least accurate?

Chroma paint is supplied only as a gel paste. This is the least accurate statement. The paint is supplied in two formulations: as a thick liquid in bottles; and as a gel paste in tubes. The liquid type is better for wash techniques; tube color is more suitable for thick applications and heavy impastos.

Which of the following was a common subject of Precisionist artists?

Cityscapes Between the two World Wars, Precisionist artists in the United States created images of modern industrial life. Painters such as Charles Demuth and photographers such as Alfred Stieglitz focused on subjects such as factories, office buildings, and city streets.

Involved from 1959 to 1965 with Happenings, an early form of performance art, American sculptor ____________________ developed three-dimensional, large-scale blowups of familiar objects.

Claes Oldenburg. Involved from 1959 to 1965 with Happenings, an early form of performance art, American sculptor Claes Oldenburg developed three-dimensional, large-scale blowups of familiar objects. "I want people to get accustomed to recognize the power of objects," Oldenburg said. Ordinary objects, he believes, "contain a functional contemporary magic," but we have lost any appreciation of this because we focus on their uses.

Plastilina is a type of

Clay Plastilina is a premium-grade, oil-based modeling clay. It never hardens or changes with air exposure. Some grades of Plastilina contain sulfur and emit offensive odors.

This slab was most likely painted with which of the following potentially hazardous metals?

Cobalt. Cobalt is well-known for its most commonly-derived pigment, which is a deep, rich blue

In ancient Greek architecture, the topmost horizontal part of an entablature is called the

Cornice The entablature is the portion of a column above the capital. From top to bottom, the entablature consists of the cornice, the frieze, and the architrave.

An architecture movement that began in the late 1980s in which the finished appearance of a building exhibits a stimulating unpredictability and controlled chaos is which of the following?

Deconstructivism Deconstructivism is a development of postmodern architecture that began in the late 1980s. It is characterized by ideas of fragmentation, an interest in manipulating ideas of a structure's surface or skin, and non-rectilinear shapes. The finished visual appearance of buildings that exhibit the many deconstructivist "styles" is characterized by a stimulating unpredictability and a controlled chaos.

Critics have disparaged Art Nouveau for its emphasis on

Decoration Art Nouveau, a movement that flourished around the turn of the twentieth century, was characterized by curvilinear shapes, bold colors, and elaborate decoration. The greatest artists of the movement, such as Gustav Klimt, used decoration not just as ornamentation, but as an essential part of their work.

Poster paint is a type of

Tempera paint Poster paint is a type of tempera paint that uses gum water or glue size as a binder. It is an inexpensive paint often used in elementary school classrooms.

There are three subcategories of relief sculpture: high relief, low relief and sunken relief. These denote relative degrees of projection from the background plane. Sunken relief is characteristic of sculptures on ______________________.

Egyptian walls. Sunken relief is characteristic of sculptures on Egyptian walls. In sunken relief, the image is incised (cut into) the wall and does not project at all beyond the base surface. Initially, the images were painted, so that the incised lines functioned visually as outlines and also preserved the image when the paint wore off.

The image above, decorated with a paste that produces a glaze-like surface when fired, is specifically known as which of the following types of pottery?

Faience. Faience is earthenware glazed with a paste that becomes sheen when fired. The term originally referred to tin glazed earthenware made in Faenza, Italy, but later came to encompass a wider range of works.

Which of the following artists was the inventor of Pointillism and achieved a hitherto unknown luminosity and harmony in his paintings dab by dab, laid the foundation for Neo-Impressionism and was rejected by the Salon?

Georges Seurat. "He is one of those good-natured, stubborn people who seem anxious but in reality are not afraid of any challenge," a contemporary once wrote about this taciturn painter. After his painting Bathing at Asmieres had been rejected by the Salon, Seurat simply turned his back on the this springboard that was so important for artists at the time and joined a group of young and independent painters. They called themselves Artistes Independants. and held their first exhibition in a shabby hovel in Paris on May 15th, 1884. It was a financial disaster, but suddenly Seurat's new painting technique was the talk of the town.

Which of the following artists is renowned for large format paintings of blossoms, presenting them as if seen through a magnifying lens?

Georgia O'Keefe Georgia O'Keefe (1887-1986) established her place in the art world in the 1920s with her large-format paintings of blossoms. Her work revolutionized the tradition of flower painting.

The pointed arch was one of the distinctive innovations of

Gothic architecture The pointed arch was one of the distinctive innovations of Gothic architecture. It allowed for taller and wider buildings than had been possible with round arches. The pointed arch was used mainly in churches and cathedrals.

In painting, the prepared surface to which paint is applied is called the

Ground The ground of a painting can be almost any surface: a wall, a canvas, a sheet of vellum. The ground is often prepared to make it smoother or more receptive to paint.

This sculpture, Oval with Points, 1968-70, was done by England's most famous sculptor who built on the biomorphic shapes of the Surrealists like Arp and Miró. His large, open shapes are semi-naturalistic, perforated by holes that are as important as the solid parts of his work. This sculptor is which of the following?

Henry Moore Henry Moore based his work on natural forms like shells, pebbles, and bones, Subjects that preoccupied him throughout his career were the reclining figure, mother and child, and family. He aimed not for beauty, but for power of expression.

Postwar sculptors worked with new materials like scrap metal, new techniques like welding, and new forms like assemblage and mobiles. Although abstraction was their dominant mode, the chief feature of their art was experimentation. Who was England's most famous sculptor?

Henry Moore. Henry Moore clearly built on the biomorphic shapes of Surrealists like Jean Arp and Joan Miro. He also based his work on natural forms like shells, pebbles, and bones. Subjects that preoccupied him throughout his career were the reclining figure, mother and child, and family. Although he minimized surface detail and greatly simplified forms, Moore's large, open shapes are semi-naturalistic, perforated by holes that are as important as the solid parts of his works.

One of the greatest examples of the mixed Irish and English style of manuscript illumination is the Lindisfarne Gospels. This style of manuscript illumination developed by Irish monks is which of the following?

Hiberno-Saxon The Irish monks developed a unique style of manuscript illumination borrowing elements from the past. The new style that developed is called Hiberno-Saxon. This contribution to art was made after the Irish established monasteries in England.

Which of the following statements about prehistoric sculptures, in particular, Paleolithic art is least accurate?

In the earliest art, humankind consists almost exclusively of men as opposed to women. This is the least accurate statement. In the earliest art, humankind consists almost exclusively of women as opposed to men. Artists almost invariably showed them nude. The preponderance of female over male figures in the Old Stone Age seems to indicate a preoccupation with women, whose child-bearing capabilities insured the survival of the species.

Where did archaeologists discover the terra cotta army of the Emperor Qin?

In the emperor's tomb The terra cotta army discovered in the Emperor Qin's tomb includes more than 8,000 life-size figures. The soldiers were intended to protect the emperor in the after-life

The Peruvian tribe known for precisely constructed masonry temples and metallurgy is which of the following?

Incas The Peruvian tribe known for precisely constructed masonry temples and metallurgy is the Incan tribe. Incan civilization was at its height when the Spaniards arrived.

Most pastel artists like to work on tinted papers made especially for pastel work. The mold-made paper produced in Italy that is one of the most widely used papers for pastel work is which of the following?

Ingres Ingres is a mold-made paper produced in Italy. It is one of the most widely used papers for pastel work. It has a hard surface and a laid finish, with a neutral pH. It is suitable for charcoal and chalk and has a wide selection of colors.

The method of photographic image compression that is a file format that uses a lossy process and offers many compression settings is which of the following?

JPEG JPEG is an acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group. It is a file format that uses lossy compression. The JPEG file format offers 13 compression settings - the higher the quality, the less the compression, and vice versa.

All of the following artists are associated with Cubism

Juan Gris, Pablo Picasso, and Georges Braque are all renowned for their Cubist paintings.

The feminist artist who produced the installation art, The Dinner Party, 1979 is which of the following?

Judy Chicago Judy Chicago produced a famous example of installation art which addressed feminist issues. The table is set for 39 famous historical and mythical guests who do not show up. Chicago's message is that many great women never enjoyed the recognition they deserved.

Which of the following brushes is made from the very best sable?

Kolinsky sable brush Sable brushes are the best brushes. The very best sable is Kolinsky sable; it comes from the Kolinsky region of northern Siberia, where the harshness of the climate produces hair that is immensely strong, yet it is both supple and springy. Brushes marked "red sable" or "pure sable" are made from selected non-Kolinsky hair.

Jackson Pollock's Bird and much of his art that used tinted sand, was influenced by which of the following Native American tribes?

Navajo After seeing Navajo shamans making sand paintings, Jackson Pollock began to used tinted sand and to paint with his canvas on the floor. He felt that by doing this he could see it from four sides and be more of a part of the painting.

When making opaque grounds, you should mix a little tube of color into the white priming or gesso before applying it. Alternatively, you can mix the color with white paint, dilute it a little, and then brush a thin layer over the priming. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Never mix oil paint with an acrylic primer, or vice versa When making opaque grounds, you should mix a little tube of color into the white priming or gesso before applying it. Alternatively, you can mix the color with white paint, dilute it a little, and then brush a thin layer over the priming. Never mix oil paint with an acrylic primer, or vice versa.

The French painter, _______________________________assembled his landscape paintings as if from a construction kit, in order to show the "simple beauty" of the South of France. In doing so, he influenced the Cubist painters, but also Claude Manet, Edgar Degas and Pablo Picasso, to a greater extent than any other artist, and has since been seen as the most important pioneer of Modernism.

Paul Cezanne

Solarization is a technique used in

Photography Solarization is a photographic technique that involves partially developing a negative in print, and then briefly exposing it to light before finishing the development process. This reverses the expected tones of a print.

What style of painting does this work represent?

Pointillism This work, "Sunday Afternoon on the Island of the Grande Jatte" by Georges Seurat, is one of the best-known examples of pointillism. In this technique, developed by Seurat, the artist applies small, distinct dots of pure color in patterns to create an image. The technique reflects Seurat's interest in the science of perception.

The artist who painted disturbing, illogical images such as The False Mirror, with startling clarity to compel a new vision of reality beyond logic was which of the following?

René Magritte René Magritte placed everyday objects in incongruous settings and transformed them into electric shocks, such as a piece of fried ham on a plate that is also an eyeball. The juxtapositions of familiar sights in unnatural contexts compel a new vision of reality beyond logic.

What school of criticism sees a work of art as a system of signs?

Semiotics Semiotics is the study of signs. It treats art objects as systems of signs, and focuses on the object itself, rather than the artist or any other external issues.

Which of the following statements about guidelines for palette layout is least accurate?

Spectrum order layout means that the colors are laid out from light to dark. This is the least accurate statement. Spectrum order layout means that the colors are laid out in the order of the spectrum, with red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet running across the palette. White and earth colors would be down the other side.

Which of the following metals may be submerged in water for a cooling process?

Steel. Brass and copper must be cooled very slowly to reduce brittleness. Aluminum must be allowed to cool using a different process called anodization, due to the formation of a protective oxide that forms on its surface.

The abstract style of art which was developed by Russian painter Kazimir Malevich to convey his belief that the absolute reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object, is which of the following?

Suprematism Suprematism is an abstract style of art which reflects the belief that the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object. The basic form of Malevich's new Suprematist nonobjective art was the square.

Chroma color is

The level of pigment loading is higher than is typically found in other water-based media. Chroma paint is supplied only as a gel paste. Only a small amount of chroma color is needed to produce a large amount of wash. Chroma is capable of massive dilution. Only a small amount of chroma color is needed to produce a large amount of wash. Chroma is capable of massive dilution.

The reason for the predominance of religious imagery in the art of 15th-century Flanders was:

The reasons for the predominance of religious imagery in the art of 15th-century Flanders were numerous and included all of the choices. Large-scale public altarpieces wee among the most visible manifestations of piety. They not only provided a backdrop for the Mass, but also taught church doctrine, and visually encouraged piety.

Another type of surface decoration used on ceramics is a slip, which is a combination of clay and water that can be colored with pigments. There are three main types of ceramics.

There are three main types of ceramics: earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. Earthenware, which is porous, is made form kaolin (white china clay), crushed flint, and clay, and fired at relatively low temperatures. Stoneware is fired at high temperatures, is not porous, and is much sturdier than earthenware. Porcelain is made from kaolin and feldspar (also called china stone) and heated at temperatures as high as 1,350 degrees centigrade.

In nineteenth century France, the Academie des Beaux-Arts advocated aesthetic principles that can best be described as

Traditional The Academie des Beaux Arts was committed to upholding the traditions of French painting, both in content and style. The Academie was highly critical of the Impressionists because they painted inappropriate subjects, such as landscapes, and they were not concerned with conventional notions of realism.

Which type of carving involves only the use of a knife?

Whittling In chip carving, knives or chisels are used to remove small chips from a flat surface in a single piece. Relief carving is a sculptural form in which figures are carved in a flat panel. Chisels, gouges and a mallet may be used. Treen is the making of small functional household items, such as bowls. These are turned on a lathe or carved.

What artistic method is conveyed in the work of by Abrecht Dürer (1471-1528) shown above?

Woodcut. Dürer was one of the most well-known woodcut artists of the Renaissance period. Woodcuts are created when cuts are made into a block of wood, followed by the transfer of ink to paper.

Which of the following artistic processes is considered to be subtractive in nature?

Working with wax. Working with wax is considered a subtractive artistic process because the artist removes the medium in order to create a final work of art.

If acrylic paint is applied at all thickly, it may cause some cracking of the oil layers, because acrylics are so flexible when dry. In addition, a thick acrylic layer has insufficient tooth to adhere well. This applies particularly when you are painting on which of the following?

a flexible support, such as canvas. If acrylic paint is applied at all thickly, it may cause some cracking of the oil layers, because acrylics are so flexible when dry. In addition, a thick acrylic layer has insufficient tooth to adhere well. This applies particularly when you are painting on a flexible support, such as canvas, but less so on panels and boards, where there is far less movement of the paint film. Never apply acrylics on an oil-based ground.

Rough paper has a more pronounced tooth (tiny peaks and hollows) to its surface. When a color wash is laid on it, the brush drags over the surface and the paint settles in some of the hollows, leaving others untouched. This leaves which of the following effect?

a sparkle of white to illuminate the wash. Rough paper has a more pronounced tooth (tiny peaks and hollows) to its surface. When a color wash is laid on it, the brush drags over the surface and the paint settles in some of the hollows, leaving others untouched. This leaves a sparkle of white to illuminate the wash.

There is a variation in the tinting strength of different pigments. When mixing a pale tint using strong color, you should do which of the following?

always add it to the white and in very small quantities. There is a variation in the tinting strength of different pigments. For example, Prussian blue and alizarin crimson will produce vivid colors when added in very small quantities to white, whereas terre verte and raw umber become very pale when mixed with only a little white. When mixing a pale tint using strong color, you should always add it to the white and in very small quantities. Otherwise, you may go through a great deal of paint for little result.

The light that is available for taking a photograph is known as which of the following?

ambient light The ambient light for a photograph is the light available. This can be daylight, tungsten room lighting, or window light, to name a few.

The offset lithography printing process has made it possible to produce high-speed commercial prints in large quantities. In this process, the artist places the design on a metal plate and inks it. The image is then printed on a rubber-covered cylinder drum, from which it is transferred to paper. As a result, offset printing, like silkscreen, does not reverse the image. The use of the cylinder speeds up the process, which is used for many times of printing, in addition to reproducing works of art. Today, offset lithorgraphy is the leading method of commercial printing. In the United States, which of the following are printed using cylinder-based web-fed machines?

books. Today, offset lithorgraphy is the leading method of commercial printing. In the United States, most books are printed using cylinder-based web-fed machines. They print on both sides of a large paper-roll sheet that is later cut into pages.

Which of the following media is the most user-friendly for beginning artists?

charcoal Charcoal is an excellent medium for beginners, because it encourages the student to treat subjects in broad terms and not become lost in detail. It is also a forgiving medium which is very easy to erase and correct.

Conte crayons were invented by the Frenchman Nicolas-Jacques Conte, who was also responsible for inventing the modern lead pencil in the 18th century. Made from pigment and graphite bound together with gum and a little grease, conte crayons are similar to pastels in their consistency and appearance, but are slightly harder and oilier. Conte crayons are similar in effect to ______________________, but because they are harder, they can be used for rendering fine lines, as well as broad tonal areas.

charcoal. Made from pigment and graphite bound together with gum and a little grease, conte crayons are similar to pastels in their consistency and appearance, but are slightly harder and oilier. Conte crayons are similar in effect to charcoal, but because they are harder, they can be used for rendering fine lines, as well as broad tonal areas.

Oil-painting brushes should be thoroughly cleaned after each session. This is especially important when using sable or other soft-hair brushes. Never leave a brush soaking with the bristles touching the bottom of the container. What is the FIRST step in cleaning a brush?

clean off the residue of paint with a rag or paper towel. The first step in cleaning a brush is to clean off the residue of paint with a rag or paper towel. Rinse in turpentine or mineral spirits and wipe with a rag. Then clean the bristles with some mild soap and lukewarm running water, rubbing the brush gently around in the palm of your hand to work up a lather. It is essential to remove all the paint that has accumulated at the neck of the ferrule. If paint hardens here, the bristles will splay out. Rinse the brush and repeat the soaping until no trace of pigment appears in the lather.

Why is it that some paintings draw us to them like a magnet, while others fail to capture our interest? Often, the immediacy of a picture's impact is due to a strong expressive design and knowledgeable use of which of the following?

color. "Art" is not merely about representing the outward appearance of a given subject; it is just as much about selecting its essence, accentuating and holding it for the viewer's contemplation. Art frames our view of a scene and freezes the moment in an ordered beauty of line and shape, form and space, and color and tone.

One of the greatest exponents of silent comedy was British-born Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977), whose persona of the Little Tramp, wearing a baggy, ill-fitting suit. Chaplin made many films documenting which of the following?

de-humanizing effects of modern industry. Chaplin made many films documenting the de-humanizing effects of modern industry and the poverty of the Depression. In 1925, he made a starred in The Gold Rush, in which he plays a hopeful prospector in the Klondike. He occupies a small hut surrounded by snow. His roommate, Big Jim, is so hungry that he hallucinates that Chaplin is a chicken and chases him around the hut with a knife. Chaplin manages to escape, but in the film's most famous scene, he dreams the dance of the rolls. Having boiled his shoes and used the laces for spaghetti, Chaplin created a sadly lyrical scene in which, althought he is starting and living in abject poverty, he is formally dressed for dinner.

A few years after carving David, Michelangelo was summoned to Rome by Julius II. Among other papal commissions, Michelangelo was given the task of ______________________________________________.

decorating the ceiling of the Sistine chapel. A few years after carving David, Michelangelo was summoned to Rome by Julius II. Among other papal commissions, Michelangelo was given the task of decorating the ceiling of the Sistine chapel. This was the pope's personal chapel. It was built in the 1470s by Julius's uncle, Pope Sixtus IV, to match the dimensions of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. At the time, the barrel-vault ceiling was painted as a star-studded sky, but Julius had a more monumental vision in mind.

The Inca were masters of stone masonry. Their technique of fitting stone blocks together without mortar is famous. This technique is known as which of the following?

dry-joining Dry-joining is the technique of fitting stone blocks together without mortar. The Inca's dry-joining ashlar construction is famous. The Inca produced the close joints of their masonry by abrasion alone.

A triangular or square piece of fabric inserted into a seam to add breadth or reduce stress from tight-fitting clothing is known as which of the following?

gusset A gusset is a triangular or square piece of fabric inserted into a seam to add breadth or reduce stress from tight-fitting clothing. In garments, it may be found at the underarm when the sleeves and bodice are cut in one piece, or in the crotch of briefs.

The hues that lie on the same section of the spectrum or color wheel will have which of the following?

harmony There is harmony between those hues that lie on the same section of the spectrum or color wheel. Colors with the same characteristics will be in harmony when they are placed together.

When two colors that match each other under one kind of illumination differ from each other when seen under another light source it is known as which of the following?

metamerism Metamerism is a term used in color technology to describe an undesirable effect sometimes exhibited when two colors that match each other under one kind of illumination differ from each other when seen under another light source. The main cause of metameric pairs is a difference in the coloring ingredients of which the substance is composed.

The "Armory Show" refers to the 1913 exhibition organized by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors. It introduced Americans to which of the following?

modern art The "Armory Show" refers to the 1913 International Exhibition of Modern Art, organized by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors. The exhibition became an important event in American art and served as a catalyst for artists who became more independent and created their own artistic language.

With the dawn of the 16th century of patronage shifted to Rome, where humanist popes and wealthy bankers admired and financed the arts. The pope most engaged in hiring High Renaissance artists and collecting Classical as well as Christian texts was Julius II. He was also an accomplished warrior and a skilled politician who fought for the Papal states. The enormously prolific Raphael Sanzio, who died at the age of 37, exemplified the Classical ideas of all of the following except:

nature. The enormously prolific Raphael Sanzio, who died at the age of 37, exemplified the Classical ideas of calm, order, symmetry, and harmony. From 1509 to 1511, Raphael decorated the Stanza della Segnatura, a room used for signing documents and the pope's library in the Vatican. He painted four large lunette frescoes filled with life-size figures; the fresco that is considered a summation of Renaissance classicism is the School of Athens.

Pigments may be classified according to origin. Raw umber and ochre would be considered which of the following?

norganic native earth color It is customary to classify pigments according to origin: inorganic (mineral), or organic. Raw umber and ochre are inorganic native earth pigments. Other inorganic classifications are: calcined native earths and inorganic synthetic colors. Organic classifications are vegetable, animal and synthetic.

Secondary Colors

orange, green, violet

The term for a painting that is done outside, directly from the subject, is which of the following?

plein air Plein air (French for "open air") is a term describing paintings that are done outside, directly from the subject. French Impressionist painters such as Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir advocated plein air painting, and much of their work was done outdoors.

Although Conte crayons are available in a wide range of colors, many artists still favor the restrained harmony of the traditional combination of black, white, gray, and earth colors - sepia, sanguine and bistre (cool brown). These colors impart a unique warmth and softness to a drawing and are particular appropriate for which of the following?

portraits and nude-figure studies. Although Conte crayons are available in a wide range of colors, many artists still favor the restrained harmony of the traditional combination of black, white, gray, and earth colors - sepia, sanguine (terracotta red) and bistre (cool brown). These colors impart a unique warmth and softness to a drawing and are particular appropriate for portraits and nude-figure studies. The traditional colors also lend to drawings of an antique look, reminiscent of the chalk drawings of Leonard Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rubens, or Claude.

The term for the figures shown in the above picture of a vault decoration by Agnolo Bronzino, 1541, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, is which of the following?

putto "Putto" is the term for a plump usually nude child, with or without wings, found in European art from the Renaissance onwards. The plural form of the word is "putti."

Modifying the color of a tinted paper or a layer of pastel by applying a thin, semi-opaque layer of another color over it is known as which of the following?

scumbling Scumbling modifies the color of a tinted paper or a layer of pastel by applying a thin, semi-opaque layer of another color over it. Loose, circular strokes are applied with the side of the pastel stick to create a thin veil of color that does not entirely obliterate the one underneath.

Wet-in-wet is one of the most expressive and beautiful techniques in watercolor painting. When colors are applied to either a damp sheet of paper or an area of still-wet paint, they run out over the set surface, giving a soft, hazy edge to the painted shape. This technique is particularly effective in painting which of the following?

skies and water. Wet-in-wet is one of the most expressive and beautiful techniques in watercolor painting. When colors are applied to either a damp sheet of paper or an area of still-wet paint, they run out over the set surface, giving a soft, hazy edge to the painted shape. This technique is particularly effective in painting skies and water. It produces gentle gradations of tone that evoke the ever-changing quality of light.

Serigraphy (also known as silkscreen or screenprinting) is literally "silk-writing" with the aid of stencils, and lends itself well to producing which of the following?

smooth areas of color. Serigraphy (also known as silkscreen or screenprinting) is literally "silk-writing" with the aid of stencils, and lends itself well to producing smooth areas of color. Originally the silk was placed over a sheet of paper or canvas; then a stencil was laid over the silk and the ink pressed through the silk with a squeegee (rubber-edged tool such as we use to remove water from the windshields of our cars). Other variations can be used, including painting directly on the silk.

Watercolor blocks comprise sheets of watercolor paper which are "glued" together around the edges with gum. This block of paper is mounted on a backing board. A watercolor block removes the need for which of the following?

stretching paper. Watercolor blocks comprise sheets of watercolor paper which are "glued" together around the edges with gum. This block of paper is mounted on a backing board. A watercolor block removes the need for stretching paper. When the painting is completed, the top sheet is removed by sliding a palette knife between the top sheet and the one below. Although more expensive than loose sheets, watercolor blocks are convenient and time-saving for artists.

"Sketching quality" paint is also known as which of the following?

students' paint Most manufacturers offer at least two grades of paint. One of them is artists' quality paint which is also known as first quality paint. "Sketching quality" paint is also known as students' paint.

At Josef Albers first class, he asked the students, "Vich of you children can draw a straight line?" Facing the blackboard, Albers then walked sideways, dragging a piece of chalk across the board until he produced a perfectly level line ten feet long. Soon thereafter, he set his pupils to mastering nearly impossible technical tasks like drawing letters and numbers backward with a pencil gripped between their toes. He taught which of the following?

technical control, not freedom. At Josef Albers first class, he asked the students, "Vich of you children can draw a straight line?" Facing the blackboard, Albers then walked sideways, dragging a piece of chalk across the board until he produced a perfectly level line ten feet long. Soon thereafter, he set his pupils to mastering nearly impossible technical tasks like drawing letters and numbers backward with a pencil gripped between their toes. He taught technical control, not freedom. Alber's own work reflected such extreme discipline. From the 1950's, he concentrated on variations of the most neutral, stable form he could find: the square.

The American Medical Association studies the effects of volatile solvents and rates them on a scale of:

threshold limit values The American Medical Association studies the effects of volatile solvents and rates them on a scale of threshold limit values (TLV). These indicate the maximum concentration of solvent vapors that can be tolerated during an eight-hour day with no ill effects, expressed in parts per million of air.

The texture, ranging from coarse to fine, of canvas or wood is which of the following?

tooth Tooth is the texture of canvas or wood. It runs from coarse to fine. For instance, rough paper has a more pronounced tooth (tiny peaks and hollows) to its surface.

Roman realism in sculptural portraiture began around 100 B.C. The term for this style is which of the following?

veristic Roman realism in sculptural portraiture is called the veristic (truth) style. Verism is depicting external appearances as accurately and exactly as possible without any interpretation or idealization.

The most characteristic Mesopotamian building was the ___________________, a stepped tower and an early example of load-bearing construction. They usually supported a temple at the top.

ziggurat. The most characteristic Mesopotamian building was the ziggurat, a stepped tower and an early example of load-bearing construction. They usually supported a temple at the top. Mesopotamian's conceived of the ziggurat as a mountain towering over their flat, desert terrain. Each major city had a ziggurat, which was constructed to provide a dwelling place for a god. The god, in turn, would protect the city and be worshiped by its inhabitants.