Art Exam 1

An art piece can be valuable for ceremonial or spiritual value. A. True B. False

A

Without a clearly defined shape or form

Amorphous

Which of these is a form? A. Triangle B. Pyramid C. Square D. Rectangle

B

Creates an illusion of reality

Implied Depth

The different ideas and sensations they communicate

"Communicates a sensation"

Texture that is chosen to foil or undermine our ideas about the object depicted. (Oppenheim's Object)

"Subversive texture"

A gallery represents the artist's interests. A. True B. False

A

African masks displayed in museums were originally made ______. A. To be worn during spiritual or magic ceremonies B. To be worn during elaborate tea-drinking ceremonies C. To be exchanged as gifts with people from other communities D. To be displayed as beautiful, finely crafted museum objects E. For sale to European travelers

A

Amorphous, defies definition. A. True B. False

A

Displays are for the benefit of the public, but also to help facilitate the sale of the artist's work. A. True B. False

A

The name of the artist does not influence value. A. True B. False

B

The directions of lines (vertical, horizontal, diagonal) both guide our attention and suggest particular feelings

Communicative line

Suggests that something is solid and occupies space

Mass

Native American's do not have rightful ownership of their ancestor's arts and artifacts. A. True B. False

B

Patrons, collectors, dealers, and critics do not help determine what art is made (Isabella d'Este). A. True B. False

B

Appropriation happens when the artist wants us to know the source of the image and wants that knowledge to affect the viewer's understanding and appreciation. A. True B. False

A

Art galleries make their living by charging a commission (percentage of sale). A. True B. False

A

Art is financed by the wealthy and powerful (patrons, governments, religious entities). A. True B. False

A

Art is in museums, and other venues. A. True B. False

A

Art provenance helps determine if documents show where the artwork came from, especially purchase history. A. True B. False

A

Art provenance is often incomplete - sometimes due to wrongdoing, but more often due to bad record-keeping. A. True B. False

A

Artworks often taken by colonizing or occupying forces, thieves, and looters A. True B. False

A

Assuming a persona is like self-portraiture, but more like an actor portraying another person on the stage. A. True B. False

A

Attribution is important for truthfulness and historical accuracy. A. True B. False

A

Attribution is important in correctly assessing the value of artworks (re Polish Rider and the Rembrandt Research Project). A. True B. False

A

Attribution is often impossible, at other times is easy. A. True B. False

A

Black market or "grey market" acquisition - rationalization of "saving" the artwork. A. True B. False

A

Brooklyn Museum v. Rudy Guiliani was a court case about needing to censor/take away Chris Ofili's Holy Virgin Mary. A. True B. False

A

Collections are found in places like homes, banks, corporate headquarters, or colleges/universities. A. True B. False

A

Collections sometimes displayed temporarily in galleries or museums. A. True B. False

A

Curating and self-censorship are not "censorship". A. True B. False

A

Elgin Marbles (taken from Greece by British in order to "save" them from Turks). A. True B. False

A

Euphronios Krater (stolen from Italian dig and bought by Met Museum). A. True B. False

A

Expression may reveal the artist's personality, experiences, choices. A. True B. False

A

Expression often conveys internal as well as external traits. A. True B. False

A

Holy Virgin Mary was defaced by an individual (not the artist) to censor the artwork. A. True B. False

A

How we define art and who is an artist changes over time (James Hampton's "Throne" - once not recognized as an important work, now is in the Smithsonian Museum). A. True B. False

A

Iconographic analysis can include historical and religious references. A. True B. False

A

Iconographic analysis interprets objects and figures in an artwork as __________ A. Signs or symbols B. Things that really exist C. Proven facts

A

Iconographic analysis is the study of the symbols used to communicate in art - a visual language (Audrey Flack's Marilyn) alone. A. True B. False

A

If we can recognize the objects or people in a work of art, it is __________ A. Representational B. Non-objective C. Abstract

A

In The Treachery of Images, Magritte tell us that painting is a______ A. Visual trick B. A window to the soul C. Political tool

A

In the past, art was often seen as a skill to be learned, and artists were seen as skilled craftspeople (not "geniuses"). A. True B. False

A

Line defines the boundaries between planes, defines shapes. A. True B. False

A

Lines convey a sense of movement and energy in art. A. True B. False

A

Mass suggests weight in a three-dimensional object (Colossal Head). A. True B. False

A

Museums are to serve the public, to educate, and for cultural preservation. A. True B. False

A

Museums do not represent artists' interest A. True B. False

A

Not all artists make their art themselves (Jeff Koons). A. True B. False

A

Representational art can be realistic. A. True B. False

A

Self-portraits by Vincent van Gogh and Frida Kahlo express which of the following? A. What the artists looked like and experienced on a personal level B. What the artists hoped to be rather than what they actually were C. Only what the artists looked like D. Only what the artists felt and experienced E. None of the other answers

A

Sherrie Lavine appropriates Marcel Duchamp, himself a great appropriator. A. True B. False

A

The so-called "Elgin Marbles", seen on display here at the British Museum, were presented in "Visiting Art Venues and Evaluation" as a good example of which issue? A. Rightful ownership B. Censorship C. Attribution

A

The tools of formal analysis help us to __________ A. Understand how an artwork was made B. Dig deeper into the history of an artwork C. Understand what was happening to women at the time the work was made

A

The value of an artwork can be determined by a previous sale price in money, rarity or uniqueness, and history of the piece (as in Gustav Klimt's Adele Bloch-Bauer). A. True B. False

A

This is what we call the "the story of an artwork's life". It consists of documents and histories, including the purchase history. A. Provenance B. Acquisitions C. Docent

A

This kind of shape is mathematically regular and precise. A. Geometric B. Organic C. Negative

A

This type of perspective is used by game designers because it allows them to create depth using parallel diagonal lines. A. Isometric B. Linear C. Atmospheric

A

Traditionally, artists in China learned their craft by ______. A. Copying the work of a great master B. Attending a school or academy that taught artistic technique C. Practicing painting in the open air without a teacher D. Producing still life drawings that were sold to local people E. Traveling to Beijing and looking at art in museums and galleries

A

Value shifts depending on one's point of view. A. True B. False

A

What makes art "good" depends on what we want art to "do" for us- for example, show skill, express feelings, convey universal or personal meanings, be transformative (of the two artist self-portraits on the right, one is considered better in skill, but the other may be better at expressing feelings). A. True B. False

A

Which part of Michelangelo's Pieta was lopped off by a person wielding a sledgehammer? A. Arm B. Leg C. Head

A

Why does the Virginia State Capitol look the way it does? A. Because Thomas Jefferson wanted a Neoclassical home for himself B. Because Thomas Jefferson had someone design the building for him and didn't see it until it was completed C. Because the building was built years prior to Thomas Jefferson being president

A

Not exactly representational or non-objective - in-between. Changes reality in order to emphasize, distort or simplify forms

Abstraction

The action of taking something for one's own use, typically without the owner's permission

Appropriation

A business specifically designed for the public to view artwork

Art Galleries

A technique of rendering depth or distance in painting by modifying the tone or hue and distinctness of objects perceived as receding from the picture plane, especially by reducing distinctive local colors and contrasts of light and dark to a uniform light bluish-gray color (Kindred Spirits)

Atmospheric Perspective

Assignment of authorship of an artwork

Attribution

The task of identifying the artist of a given art piece

Authorship attribution

A man named Lazlo Toth was not the reason why Michelangelo's Pieta was destroyed. A. True B. False

B

A series of closely arranged parallel lines that are overlapped by another set of parallel strokes to create a sense of value is called ______ A. Chiaroscuro B. Cross-hatching C. Scumbling

B

A single individual or many (workshops, guilds) do not create art. A. True B. False

B

A slick cold surface of a finely finished metal object, the rough-hewn splintery character of a broken branch, and the pebbly surface of a rocky beach are all examples of this element of art: A. Mass B. Texture C. Volume D. Color

B

All images borrowed are considered appropriation. A. True B. False

B

An artwork cannot be valuable because it expresses a society's cherished ideals and identity. A. True B. False

B

Andy Warhol and other Pop Artists do not appropriate images from popular culture. A. True B. False

B

Arnolfini Portrait is not an example of an artwork with a very complete provenance A. True B. False

B

Art cannot be diverse objects. A. True B. False

B

Art galleries do not like to hold events (like receptions) to promote artists and drum up business. A. True B. False

B

Art galleries do own the artwork they display. A. True B. False

B

Art is not allowed in public places like Watts Towers. A. True B. False

B

Art is not found in our private spaces, homes. A. True B. False

B

Art provenance is not important for historical accuracy and establishing rightful ownership. A. True B. False

B

Artworks displayed in a museum do not belong to the museum (acquisitions). A. True B. False

B

Attribution is not done by museum professionals, art historians, art critics, and family/friends of artist. A. True B. False

B

Black Hawk College's doesn't own a modest print collection. A. True B. False

B

Censorship in the Third Reich: "Degenerate Art" Exhibit and does not attempt to stifle "subversive" creativity A. True B. False

B

Claims and complaints are often made against museums, but may not be made against states or individuals. A. True B. False

B

Deere & Co's does not have a famous modern art collection. A. True B. False

B

Even if artworks don't seem to be "about" anything, it means there is no content. A. True B. False

B

Hokusai is said to have used a live chicken's footprints in a painting that communicated ______. A. The artist's views on animal rights B. The sensations of a fall day by the river C. The artist's views on Japanese politics D. Buddhist ideas about the meaning of life E. All of the above

B

Implied line is not supposed to direct the viewer's eye through an artwork (directional line). A. True B. False

B

In the museum, self-censorship (by curators) is the same as censorship. A. True B. False

B

It is not the art critic's job to evaluate artwork. A. True B. False

B

Lines are not used to express freedom and passion (Masson's Automatic Drawing). A. True B. False

B

Lines cannot be used to regulate and control (Bochner's Vertigo). A. True B. False

B

Performing arts (or "time arts") are considered visual arts; include dance, music, and theatre. A. True B. False

B

The controversy surrounding Chris Ofili's Holy Virgin Mary is a good example of which art issue? A. Rightful ownership B. Censorship C. Attribution

B

The value is higher under circumstances of acquisition (such as theft - Rembrandt Self-Portrait on copper). A. True B. False

B

There are no known artists that have created any self-portraits. A. True B. False

B

There are two kinds of relief sculpture, a pronounced surface treatment called high relief and a shallow surface low relief called: A. Facade relief B. Bas relief C. Planar relief

B

These artists are not known for adopting personas: Nikki S. Lee and Cindy Sherman). A. True B. False

B

Third Reich was not able to allow of seizure and sale of art. A. True B. False

B

This is what we call the artwork purchased and owned by a museum. A. Provenance B. Acquisitions C. Docent

B

Thomas Struth's photograph Museo del Prado 7 is A. A perfect copy of Las Meninas by Velázquez B. A portrait of art appreciation C. Deliberately old-fashioned in style

B

Value judgments are subjective: They can be wrong. A. True B. False

B

What do we call "the material used by an artist to create a work of art"? A. Patron B. Medium C. Aesthetics

B

What do we call the important people who hire and pay artists? A. Artists B. Patrons C. Mediums

B

Which artist expresses identity through self-portraits? A. Jackson Pollock B. Frida Kahlo C. Van Gogh

B

Which artist is known for expressing inner struggles through their self-portraits? A. Frida Kahlo B. Van Gogh C. Jackson Pollock

B

Which museum's architectural design embraces a modern, clean look? A. Metropolitan Museum, NYC B. Figge Art Museum, Davenport, IA C. Art Institute of Chicago, IL

B

Which of the following inventions inspired the artistic practice known as appropriation? A. Jackson Pollock's drip paintings B. Marcel Duchamp's readymades C. Graphic design by anonymous people D. None of the other answers

B

Which story did both Rembrandt and Duane Michals depict using self-portraits? A. David and Goliath B. The Return of the Prodigal Son C. The Three Little Pigs

B

With iconographic analysis symbols cannot be universal and cannot have different meanings in different cultures or time periods (Marriage Portrait, Venus of Urbino). A. True B. False

B

A work of art is the product of interrelationships between various art elements and __________ A. Structures B. Contexts C. Principles

C

Allan Houser's work Reverie is representational because __________ A. It is abstracted B. It is lifesize C. It includes two shapes that we recognize as faces D. It is a sculpted form

C

Artists use this kind of texture if they want to contradict a viewer's normal expectations of a textured surface. A. Implied B. Actual C. Subversive

C

This painting called The Polish Rider, once thought to have been painted by Rembrandt, was presented in "Visiting Art Venues and Evaluation" as a good example of controversy over which issue? A. Rightful ownership B. Censorship C. Attribution

C

Vertical lines tend to communicate __________ . A. Calmness B. Passivity C. Strength D. Change

C

Western artists since the Renaissance have usually considered ______ to be the highest forms of art. A. Painting and ceramics B. Painting and calligraphy C. Sculpture and painting D. Sculpture and furniture E. None of the above

C

What is the main reason that an individual, institution or company builds an art collection? A. Cultural contribution B. Financial investment C. All of the above

C

When a museum or another venue refuses to display a work of art for social or political reasons, or when a work of art is attacked, destroyed or prevented from display by forces outside the museum in order to prevent others from seeing it

Censorship

Italian for "light dark" (Prud'hon's Study)

Chiaroscuro

A company or private individual owns and displays artwork

Collections

The "meaning" of an artwork, "the artist uses a visual language to communicate ideas, beliefs, emotions, and opinions"

Content

The outline that defines a form (Schiele's Portrait of Artist's Wife)

Contour line

A drastic difference between such elements as color or value (lightness/darkness) when they are presented together

Contrast

During his lifetime, Vincent van Gogh ______. A. Opened a museum in his native Netherlands B. Sold a single painting for millions of dollars C. Produced more than 10,000 paintings, drawings, and watercolors D. Practiced as an artist for only ten years E. All of the above

D

These two values are at the extreme ends of a value range. A. White and dark gray B. Black and gray C. Light gray and white D. Black and white

D

What do we call art forms such as music, theater, and dance? A. Visual arts B. Performing arts C. Time arts D. B and C

D

What is Thomas Jefferson trying to communicate? A. Equality B. Patriotism C. Civic responsibility D. All of the above

D

William G. Wall's print Fort Edward is a vehicle for expressing the artist's thoughts about ______. A. The expansion and development of America B. The beauty of the American landscape C. The struggles between Native and European Americans D. All of the above E. None of the above

D

Art is sometimes censored by the authorities because: A. It offends some people's religious beliefs B. Its sexual content seems pornographic to some C. It carries a political message that worries the authorities D. Its moral values seem improper to some E. All of the above

E

How could art enter your life in the future? A. Be a consumer of galleries and museums B. Have children whose art curriculum at school is threatened. C. Be in charge of buying art for a corporation. D. Support artist organizations. E. All of the above'

E

What kinds of things can be appropriated in an artwork? A. Earlier artworks B. Advertising imagery C. Product design D. Personal identity E. All of the other answers

E

Used through Self-portraits

Expression

Figures shown in unusual points of view (Mantegna's Lamentation)

Foreshortening

An object that can be defined in three dimensions (height, width, and depth); The style, techniques, media, and elements and principles of design are used to make the artwork look (or exist) the way it does

Form

Predictable and mathematical

Geometric

Three-dimensional form composed of regular planes and curves

Geometric form

Lines close to and parallel or crossing each other (Michelangelo's Head of a Satyr)

Hatching

A constructive line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are found

Horizon line

Interpreting signs and symbols within an artwork

Iconographic analysis

A line not actually drawn but suggested by elements in the work

Implied line

A shape that is completed by the viewer (AT&T Logo)

Implied shape

A freestanding sculpted work that can be viewed from all sides (Imperial Procession)

In-the-round

A system using diagonal parallel lines to communicate depth (Xu Yang)

Isometric (equal)

connects two points

Line

A system using converging imaginary sight lines to create the illusion of depth (Masaccio)

Linear perspective

Usually non-profit, and survive on foundations and sometimes taxes

Museums

an empty space defined by its surroundings is known as shape

Negative Shape

Unrecognizable subject matter

Non-objective

enclose space with materials that are not completely solid (Ghostwriter)

Open volume

Having irregular forms and shapes, as though derived from living organisms

Organic shape

In perspective systems, imaginary sightlines extending from forms to the vanishing point

Orthogonals

The placement of objects over one another in order to create the illusion of depth (Hokusai's Wave)

Overlap

The creation of the illusion of depth in a two-dimensional image by using mathematical principles

Perspective

A place where someone or something is located or has been put (Hokusai's Wave)

Position

a shape on a flat picture surface that is defined by surrounding empty space is known as shape (Escher's Sky and Water)

Positive Shape

The story of an artwork's "life" made up of documents and histories

Provenance

In sculpture, any work in which the figures project from a supporting background, usually a plane surface (Great Pyramid)

Relief form

Art that depicts figures and objects so that we recognize what is represented

Representational

Nations and cultures seek to take items back that were plundered (legally or illegally)

Rightful Ownership

A two-dimensional area the boundaries of which are defined by lines or suggested by changes in color or value

Shape

The relative extent of something; a thing's overall dimensions or magnitude; how big something is (Hokusai's Wave)

Size

The distance between identifiable points or planes

Space

Black and white (Fairey's Obey)

Strong contrast

The basic topic of the artwork; "subject matter"

Subject

Warm and cold colors

Subtle contrast

The tactile sensation we experience

Texture

The lightness or darkness of a surface

Value

The point in a work of art which imaginary sight lines appear to converge, suggesting depth

Vanishing point

Of a primarily visual nature, drawing, painting, printmaking, visual communication design, photography, film/video and digital art, alternative media and processes, craft, sculpture, and architecture

Visual arts

The amount of space occupied by an object

Volume