Art History Unit 8
How did the name "Impressionist" come about?
A critic made fun of Monet painting Impression, Sunrise by calling it just an impression; Monet and his friends embraced the name.
How did the Impressionist movement begin?
A group of students who took classes together and painted outdoors rejected traditional studio art.
3 facts about A Bar at the Folies-Bergere
Allusions to Venus are included in this painting; This painting was the final masterpiece of the artist who created it; The short and choppy impressionist strokes are seen in the background of this image, as the front is composed of traditional lines.
3 facts about The Harvest of Hay in Eragny
Artist believed the right value and color will make the outline of the subject rather than the sharp contour lines of other artists; Artist believed outdoor paintings should be en plein air from start to finish; Artist captured people in paintings the way they truly were in life.
3 facts about The Harbor at Lorient
Artist gave this painting to Manet as a gift; Artist is related to Rococo artist, Fragonard; Artist was a member of the Impressionist group because of his or her freedom of style.
3 facts about Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette
Artist of the image believed that painting should reflect actual experience; Image shows the Impressionist characteristic of the absence of distinct outlining; Image shows the Impressionist technique of letting the scene appear to continue outside of the canvas.
3 facts about Musicians in the Orchestra
Artist of the image spearheaded the first independent art exhibit in 1874; Image shows a unique point of view to contrast beauty with the reality of the scene. Image has a sense of depth due to placement and sizing.
3 facts about Diana the huntress
Artist of this image had just decided to move on from Impression art to a more structured and organized style; Image was created by an artist who developed severe arthritis and could only continue to paint by strapping a brush to his wrist; Image shows crisper lines and a more classical pose of traditional art.
3 facts about Starry Night
Artist originally saw himself as a missionary; Painting has been a favorite of the art world for the past one hundred years; Painting is the view from the artist's bedroom window in a mental institution.
3 facts about Landscape at Pontoise
Artist studied under various artists who all revered the traditional style of painting; Artist was criticized for painting too natural, even going as far as painting trash found on the side of the road; Artist was known to finish a painting in one sitting.
3 facts about The Yellow Christ
Artist was interested in whether or not the color and the intensity of the painting would communicate the emotions behind what was seen; Face of the painting's subject is actually a depiction of the artist; Public criticized this painting but the younger generation loved it.
3 facts about The Cradle
Artist's brushstrokes appear lighter and more vigorous, almost like they fly across the painting; Artist found success at an early age; Intimacy of painting shows a very personal knowledge of the situation.
3 facts about Wheat Field with Crows
Artist's early paintings are dominated by browns, tans, and blacks; Painting shows the edge in the artist's mental state; Artist painted over 200 hundred canvases over a span of only 15 months.
3 facts about Women in a Garden
Artist's wife posed for the creation of this painting; Artist had to move home with his father after the failed reception of this painting; Artwork was flatly rejected from the Salon show.
3 facts about To Overture to Tannhäuser: The Artist's Mother and Sister
Artistic style shows all the elements of Cubism which Picasso and other modern artists developed; Artist was not interested in capturing the moment of his subjects like the Impressionists; Artist believed that beneath every subject was a solid and "true" shape.
The only American among the French Impressionists was ___.
Cassatt
______ left Paris due to criticism and found solace back in his home town of Aix.
Cézanne
Year after Year, Monet's paintings were being rejected from the Salon, so he worked alongside __________, another Impressionist painter, to make a show for themselves, the same show that __________ refused to join.
Degas; Manet
Cassatt's friendship with __________ was critical and sharp, yet full of admiration, while her relationship with ___________ gave her true comfort.
Degas; Pissarro
Another characteristic that is distinct to __________ from the other Impressionists is how he used lines and __________ in his paintings.
Degas; depth
What was Renoir's common tone in his paintings?
He celebrated life and his paintings reflected that joy.
Why is Manet difficult to categorize?
He combined the traditional techniques using modern subjects.
How were Degas' techniques different from the other Impressionists?
He did not like open air painting and included contour lines and unique perspective to his works.
What influence did Pissarro have on Cassatt's art?
He helped her feel at ease as he, just like her, was not from France.
What was so striking about Manet's last painting?
He seemed to embrace Impressionist techniques along with his traditional style with a modern subject.
How did the Franco-Prussian War affect Degas's paintings?
He turned to painting ballet as a way to forget the dark times of war.
3 facts about Glass of Absinthe
Image shows the impression of a moment that is not posed or contrived; Image shows a balance of Impressionist technique as well as those of traditional artists; Contour lines in the image are clear and help train the eye to follow them to certain subjects in the painting.
3 facts about Little Dancer of Fourteen Years
Image was made using a layer of wax; Image of ballerina was created after the likeness of a fourteen year old; Image was seen by critics as bizarre and grotesque; but others saw the image as innovative and modern.
The ___________ movement started in about _________ when four art students were in the same Parisian studio taking their courses.
Impressionist; 1862
What was so groundbreaking in the art world with Degas' Little Dancer of Fourteen Years?
It inspired artists to take risks as the mediums and subject were very advanced and out of the norm for the time.
Why was Monet's haystack series so impacting?
It was during the exhibition of this series that people finally realized he was capturing the impression that is made on nature in the various elements.
Whose works were so similar to Degas' style that it is almost as if he was instructed to use Degas' paintings as a template?
Lautrec
In 1883, Manet finally got the recognition he so deserved. He was named to the ________, which is France's top award given to a civilian.
Legion of Honor
Morisot was a friend and eventual relative of ___.
Manet
Unfortunately for _____________, his Luncheon on the Grass was pointed out as the worst of the worst, and the critics found it offensive and ____________
Manet; Confusing
While __________ pushed away traditional subjects, he did still embrace much of the classical techniques. He revered the __________ artists and studied their style in depth.
Manet; Renaissance
Who did the Impressionists make their leader, and why did they choose him?
Manet; he was independent in the art world
The Impressionists looked to ____________ as a leader because of his own personal _____________ and rebellion.
Manet; individualism
____________ was known for his famous painted series of water lilies.
Monet
Restricted on who she could paint, ___ commonly portrayed domesticity.
Morisot
Cassatt
Name of artist
Cezanne
Name of artist
Degas
Name of artist
Gaugin
Name of artist
Lautrec
Name of artist
Manet
Name of artist
Monet
Name of artist
Morisot
Name of artist
Pissarro
Name of artist
Renoir
Name of artist
Seurat
Name of artist
Van Gogh
Name of artist
van Gogh
Name of artist
Manet
Name of painter
A Bar at the Folies-Bergere
Name of painting
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
Name of painting
Ambassadeurs: Aristide Bruant
Name of painting
Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette
Name of painting
Diana the Huntress
Name of painting
Glass of Absinthe
Name of painting
Impression, Sunrise
Name of painting
Landscape at Pontoise
Name of painting
Musicians in the Orchestra
Name of painting
Olympia
Name of painting
Starry Night
Name of painting
The Child's Bath
Name of painting
The Cradle
Name of painting
The Harbor at Lorient
Name of painting
The Harvest of Hay in Eragny
Name of painting
The Yellow Christ
Name of painting
The basket of Apples
Name of painting
To Overture to Tannhäuser: The Artist's Mother and Sister
Name of painting
Water Lillies
Name of painting
Wheat Field with Crows
Name of painting
Women in a Garden
Name of painting
Little Dancer of Fourteen Years
Name of sculpture
3 facts about water lillies
Overcompensation of certain colors is seen in this painting since the artist created it when he was older and struggling with cataracts; The subject was more abstract than realistic, hinting at the art of the twentieth century; Painting was displayed in an oval room in the Orangerie Museum in Paris.
3 facts about The basket of Apples
Painting gives the impression that the artist had little experience with perspective; Artist remained unknown until 1895 when an art dealer "discovered" his art and wanted to organize a one-man show; Painting allows colors and shape to show perspective rather than the traditional lines and vanishing points.
3 facts about A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
Painting took two years to complete; Painting uses the technique of pointillism; Painting is over 6½ feet high and 10 feet long.
3 facts about Impression, Sunrise
Painting was rejected from being shown in the Salon; Artist did not take offense at the critics when they mocked the title of the painting; Artist originally could not come up with a name for this painting.
3 facts about The Child's Bath
Picture shows Japanese print influence; Artist attended art school in Pennsylvania; Careful placement of lines in this painting generated a certain effect from the viewers.
Who helped organize all the Impressionist shows and was the only one who had his or her work included in all eight of the shows?
Pissarro
Which movement lasted for about twenty-five years (1880 -1905)?
Post-Impressionist
Prior to the Impressionist's revolution, what was the major artistic revolution?
Renaissance
____: felt that black created a visual hole in paintings; he chose to use dark blue for his shadows and other objects.
Renoir
____: painted the joys of life and refused to paint negative images.
Renoir
Who was fascinated with the science of color?
Seurat
Whose scientific principles offered him a chance to fine tune them into his artwork in the new style of pointillism?
Seurat
How did Morisot overcome the restrictions of being a female artist during this time?
She started to paint mainly domestic scenes.
3 facts about Ambassadeurs: Aristide Bruant
The artist's incorporation of technique and presentation made this piece a respectable form of art; Artist spent many hours in the Bohemian, artsy district of Monmartre; The artist took to painting when facing health issues as a teenager.
How did the art critics and the public react to this new style?
They found it to be sloppy and messy.
3 facts about Olympia
This painting was extremely controversial in its time; This painting was inspired by one of Titian's paintings, Venus of Urbino; The direct and intense look in this painting gives it a modern feel.
What helped even more with the intensity of color was that Impressionists, as a whole, rejected the ___________ of color. In other words, they abhorred using ___________ in their paintings.
absence; black
While many people were only interested in the actual final production, Degas was also intrigued by the preparation for the __________.
ballet performance
Instead of _________, he chose to use _____________ for his shadows and other objects.
black; dark blue
In order to keep up with the quick and changing elements, the artists create a short, choppy ______________ that has since become quite characteristic of this movement of art.
brushstroke
Degas
created a sculpture of a fourteen-year-old dancer that is thought to be the start of modern sculpture
Right before this time, photography was a major milestone in the art and __________ world.
culture
How has Pissarro been described by several members of the Impressionists?
fatherly figure
Back in the 1800s, Renoir would actually paint pleasing designs on ________.
fine china
What type of painting influenced Cassatt with her own painting style?
flat images with bright colors and overall design of the Japanese print
What parts of Japanese art influenced Cassatt's paintings?
flat images, bright colors, and overall organization
What were Renoir's common subjects found in his paintings?
flowers; beautiful women; children; people having fun
Calming landscapes paired with traditional composition made Pissarro popular among the ___.
formal salon
Cézanne wanted to reproduce what he saw in its absolute true form through the use of ______.
geometry
One of the critics basically mocked the title of Monet's painting and made degrading remarks about how the paintings in this style were just that, merely _________ and not __________
impressions; paintings
One of the biggest challenges Monet faced was to stop painting what he "_________" to be true and focus on what really " ____".
knew; is
What was Morisot's specialty subject in her paintings which led her to her first Salon showing?
landscapes
What was Pissarro's main subject for his paintings?
landscapes
The Impressionists embraced the idea that the color of an object changes its makeup according to whatever affects it: _________, ______, or _________.
light; reflection; weather
Though she did paint her father and brothers, Cassatt felt her true niche in painting ___.
mothers and children
What was Gauguin's favorite subject matter?
native Peruvian forms and culture
While many artists took on subjects that depicted ___________, Renoir took on __________ that is found in people in their most natural and happy state.
nature; joy
The artists of this time were truly trying to capture that moment: that "impression" that was left on them while _______ their subject.
observing
Degas
painted many ballerina dancers
Renoir
painted the joys of life and refused to paintnegative images
Because of the _________ and the ___________ that Degas portrays, there is a sense of depth that sets his paintings apart.
placement; sizing
Which two groups formed out of the breakup of the original Impressionist group?
scientific approach; emotional approach
Monet painted haystacks in different __________ and at different __________ of the day. In total, he painted twenty-five of them.
seasons; times
Describe the style of the Impressionists.
short and choppy brushstrokes; ability to capture the moment; embrace light the way it affected the subject
Latter artists were inspired to paint beyond the canvas due to Lautrec's ______ in poster painting.
simplicity and boldness
Unlike Cézanne, Gauguin focused on capturing ______.
the true emotion of the subject
Renoir
toward the end of his career, he chose to paint more classical subjects like nudes
Degas
used unique perspective to create depth in his paintings
Seen as a wise hero by younger artists for his take on his subjects, Cézanne ______.
was not one to act as a mentor to the new generation
Gauguin often referred to this concept as trying to paint _____, which he saw as much more powerful than painting only what the surface of the subject appears.
what your dreams look like
What experience affected van Gogh's early subject matter and color choice?
years he spent with the coal miners
