Art History Unit 8

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How did the name "Impressionist" come about?

A critic made fun of Monet painting Impression, Sunrise by calling it just an impression; Monet and his friends embraced the name.

How did the Impressionist movement begin?

A group of students who took classes together and painted outdoors rejected traditional studio art.

3 facts about A Bar at the Folies-Bergere

Allusions to Venus are included in this painting; This painting was the final masterpiece of the artist who created it; The short and choppy impressionist strokes are seen in the background of this image, as the front is composed of traditional lines.

3 facts about The Harvest of Hay in Eragny

Artist believed the right value and color will make the outline of the subject rather than the sharp contour lines of other artists; Artist believed outdoor paintings should be en plein air from start to finish; Artist captured people in paintings the way they truly were in life.

3 facts about The Harbor at Lorient

Artist gave this painting to Manet as a gift; Artist is related to Rococo artist, Fragonard; Artist was a member of the Impressionist group because of his or her freedom of style.

3 facts about Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette

Artist of the image believed that painting should reflect actual experience; Image shows the Impressionist characteristic of the absence of distinct outlining; Image shows the Impressionist technique of letting the scene appear to continue outside of the canvas.

3 facts about Musicians in the Orchestra

Artist of the image spearheaded the first independent art exhibit in 1874; Image shows a unique point of view to contrast beauty with the reality of the scene. Image has a sense of depth due to placement and sizing.

3 facts about Diana the huntress

Artist of this image had just decided to move on from Impression art to a more structured and organized style; Image was created by an artist who developed severe arthritis and could only continue to paint by strapping a brush to his wrist; Image shows crisper lines and a more classical pose of traditional art.

3 facts about Starry Night

Artist originally saw himself as a missionary; Painting has been a favorite of the art world for the past one hundred years; Painting is the view from the artist's bedroom window in a mental institution.

3 facts about Landscape at Pontoise

Artist studied under various artists who all revered the traditional style of painting; Artist was criticized for painting too natural, even going as far as painting trash found on the side of the road; Artist was known to finish a painting in one sitting.

3 facts about The Yellow Christ

Artist was interested in whether or not the color and the intensity of the painting would communicate the emotions behind what was seen; Face of the painting's subject is actually a depiction of the artist; Public criticized this painting but the younger generation loved it.

3 facts about The Cradle

Artist's brushstrokes appear lighter and more vigorous, almost like they fly across the painting; Artist found success at an early age; Intimacy of painting shows a very personal knowledge of the situation.

3 facts about Wheat Field with Crows

Artist's early paintings are dominated by browns, tans, and blacks; Painting shows the edge in the artist's mental state; Artist painted over 200 hundred canvases over a span of only 15 months.

3 facts about Women in a Garden

Artist's wife posed for the creation of this painting; Artist had to move home with his father after the failed reception of this painting; Artwork was flatly rejected from the Salon show.

3 facts about To Overture to Tannhäuser: The Artist's Mother and Sister

Artistic style shows all the elements of Cubism which Picasso and other modern artists developed; Artist was not interested in capturing the moment of his subjects like the Impressionists; Artist believed that beneath every subject was a solid and "true" shape.

The only American among the French Impressionists was ___.

Cassatt

______ left Paris due to criticism and found solace back in his home town of Aix.

Cézanne

Year after Year, Monet's paintings were being rejected from the Salon, so he worked alongside __________, another Impressionist painter, to make a show for themselves, the same show that __________ refused to join.

Degas; Manet

Cassatt's friendship with __________ was critical and sharp, yet full of admiration, while her relationship with ___________ gave her true comfort.

Degas; Pissarro

Another characteristic that is distinct to __________ from the other Impressionists is how he used lines and __________ in his paintings.

Degas; depth

What was Renoir's common tone in his paintings?

He celebrated life and his paintings reflected that joy.

Why is Manet difficult to categorize?

He combined the traditional techniques using modern subjects.

How were Degas' techniques different from the other Impressionists?

He did not like open air painting and included contour lines and unique perspective to his works.

What influence did Pissarro have on Cassatt's art?

He helped her feel at ease as he, just like her, was not from France.

What was so striking about Manet's last painting?

He seemed to embrace Impressionist techniques along with his traditional style with a modern subject.

How did the Franco-Prussian War affect Degas's paintings?

He turned to painting ballet as a way to forget the dark times of war.

3 facts about Glass of Absinthe

Image shows the impression of a moment that is not posed or contrived; Image shows a balance of Impressionist technique as well as those of traditional artists; Contour lines in the image are clear and help train the eye to follow them to certain subjects in the painting.

3 facts about Little Dancer of Fourteen Years

Image was made using a layer of wax; Image of ballerina was created after the likeness of a fourteen year old; Image was seen by critics as bizarre and grotesque; but others saw the image as innovative and modern.

The ___________ movement started in about _________ when four art students were in the same Parisian studio taking their courses.

Impressionist; 1862

What was so groundbreaking in the art world with Degas' Little Dancer of Fourteen Years?

It inspired artists to take risks as the mediums and subject were very advanced and out of the norm for the time.

Why was Monet's haystack series so impacting?

It was during the exhibition of this series that people finally realized he was capturing the impression that is made on nature in the various elements.

Whose works were so similar to Degas' style that it is almost as if he was instructed to use Degas' paintings as a template?

Lautrec

In 1883, Manet finally got the recognition he so deserved. He was named to the ________, which is France's top award given to a civilian.

Legion of Honor

Morisot was a friend and eventual relative of ___.

Manet

Unfortunately for _____________, his Luncheon on the Grass was pointed out as the worst of the worst, and the critics found it offensive and ____________

Manet; Confusing

While __________ pushed away traditional subjects, he did still embrace much of the classical techniques. He revered the __________ artists and studied their style in depth.

Manet; Renaissance

Who did the Impressionists make their leader, and why did they choose him?

Manet; he was independent in the art world

The Impressionists looked to ____________ as a leader because of his own personal _____________ and rebellion.

Manet; individualism

____________ was known for his famous painted series of water lilies.

Monet

Restricted on who she could paint, ___ commonly portrayed domesticity.

Morisot

Cassatt

Name of artist

Cezanne

Name of artist

Degas

Name of artist

Gaugin

Name of artist

Lautrec

Name of artist

Manet

Name of artist

Monet

Name of artist

Morisot

Name of artist

Pissarro

Name of artist

Renoir

Name of artist

Seurat

Name of artist

Van Gogh

Name of artist

van Gogh

Name of artist

Manet

Name of painter

A Bar at the Folies-Bergere

Name of painting

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

Name of painting

Ambassadeurs: Aristide Bruant

Name of painting

Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette

Name of painting

Diana the Huntress

Name of painting

Glass of Absinthe

Name of painting

Impression, Sunrise

Name of painting

Landscape at Pontoise

Name of painting

Musicians in the Orchestra

Name of painting

Olympia

Name of painting

Starry Night

Name of painting

The Child's Bath

Name of painting

The Cradle

Name of painting

The Harbor at Lorient

Name of painting

The Harvest of Hay in Eragny

Name of painting

The Yellow Christ

Name of painting

The basket of Apples

Name of painting

To Overture to Tannhäuser: The Artist's Mother and Sister

Name of painting

Water Lillies

Name of painting

Wheat Field with Crows

Name of painting

Women in a Garden

Name of painting

Little Dancer of Fourteen Years

Name of sculpture

3 facts about water lillies

Overcompensation of certain colors is seen in this painting since the artist created it when he was older and struggling with cataracts; The subject was more abstract than realistic, hinting at the art of the twentieth century; Painting was displayed in an oval room in the Orangerie Museum in Paris.

3 facts about The basket of Apples

Painting gives the impression that the artist had little experience with perspective; Artist remained unknown until 1895 when an art dealer "discovered" his art and wanted to organize a one-man show; Painting allows colors and shape to show perspective rather than the traditional lines and vanishing points.

3 facts about A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

Painting took two years to complete; Painting uses the technique of pointillism; Painting is over 6½ feet high and 10 feet long.

3 facts about Impression, Sunrise

Painting was rejected from being shown in the Salon; Artist did not take offense at the critics when they mocked the title of the painting; Artist originally could not come up with a name for this painting.

3 facts about The Child's Bath

Picture shows Japanese print influence; Artist attended art school in Pennsylvania; Careful placement of lines in this painting generated a certain effect from the viewers.

Who helped organize all the Impressionist shows and was the only one who had his or her work included in all eight of the shows?

Pissarro

Which movement lasted for about twenty-five years (1880 -1905)?

Post-Impressionist

Prior to the Impressionist's revolution, what was the major artistic revolution?

Renaissance

____: felt that black created a visual hole in paintings; he chose to use dark blue for his shadows and other objects.

Renoir

____: painted the joys of life and refused to paint negative images.

Renoir

Who was fascinated with the science of color?

Seurat

Whose scientific principles offered him a chance to fine tune them into his artwork in the new style of pointillism?

Seurat

How did Morisot overcome the restrictions of being a female artist during this time?

She started to paint mainly domestic scenes.

3 facts about Ambassadeurs: Aristide Bruant

The artist's incorporation of technique and presentation made this piece a respectable form of art; Artist spent many hours in the Bohemian, artsy district of Monmartre; The artist took to painting when facing health issues as a teenager.

How did the art critics and the public react to this new style?

They found it to be sloppy and messy.

3 facts about Olympia

This painting was extremely controversial in its time; This painting was inspired by one of Titian's paintings, Venus of Urbino; The direct and intense look in this painting gives it a modern feel.

What helped even more with the intensity of color was that Impressionists, as a whole, rejected the ___________ of color. In other words, they abhorred using ___________ in their paintings.

absence; black

While many people were only interested in the actual final production, Degas was also intrigued by the preparation for the __________.

ballet performance

Instead of _________, he chose to use _____________ for his shadows and other objects.

black; dark blue

In order to keep up with the quick and changing elements, the artists create a short, choppy ______________ that has since become quite characteristic of this movement of art.

brushstroke

Degas

created a sculpture of a fourteen-year-old dancer that is thought to be the start of modern sculpture

Right before this time, photography was a major milestone in the art and __________ world.

culture

How has Pissarro been described by several members of the Impressionists?

fatherly figure

Back in the 1800s, Renoir would actually paint pleasing designs on ________.

fine china

What type of painting influenced Cassatt with her own painting style?

flat images with bright colors and overall design of the Japanese print

What parts of Japanese art influenced Cassatt's paintings?

flat images, bright colors, and overall organization

What were Renoir's common subjects found in his paintings?

flowers; beautiful women; children; people having fun

Calming landscapes paired with traditional composition made Pissarro popular among the ___.

formal salon

Cézanne wanted to reproduce what he saw in its absolute true form through the use of ______.

geometry

One of the critics basically mocked the title of Monet's painting and made degrading remarks about how the paintings in this style were just that, merely _________ and not __________

impressions; paintings

One of the biggest challenges Monet faced was to stop painting what he "_________" to be true and focus on what really " ____".

knew; is

What was Morisot's specialty subject in her paintings which led her to her first Salon showing?

landscapes

What was Pissarro's main subject for his paintings?

landscapes

The Impressionists embraced the idea that the color of an object changes its makeup according to whatever affects it: _________, ______, or _________.

light; reflection; weather

Though she did paint her father and brothers, Cassatt felt her true niche in painting ___.

mothers and children

What was Gauguin's favorite subject matter?

native Peruvian forms and culture

While many artists took on subjects that depicted ___________, Renoir took on __________ that is found in people in their most natural and happy state.

nature; joy

The artists of this time were truly trying to capture that moment: that "impression" that was left on them while _______ their subject.

observing

Degas

painted many ballerina dancers

Renoir

painted the joys of life and refused to paintnegative images

Because of the _________ and the ___________ that Degas portrays, there is a sense of depth that sets his paintings apart.

placement; sizing

Which two groups formed out of the breakup of the original Impressionist group?

scientific approach; emotional approach

Monet painted haystacks in different __________ and at different __________ of the day. In total, he painted twenty-five of them.

seasons; times

Describe the style of the Impressionists.

short and choppy brushstrokes; ability to capture the moment; embrace light the way it affected the subject

Latter artists were inspired to paint beyond the canvas due to Lautrec's ______ in poster painting.

simplicity and boldness

Unlike Cézanne, Gauguin focused on capturing ______.

the true emotion of the subject

Renoir

toward the end of his career, he chose to paint more classical subjects like nudes

Degas

used unique perspective to create depth in his paintings

Seen as a wise hero by younger artists for his take on his subjects, Cézanne ______.

was not one to act as a mentor to the new generation

Gauguin often referred to this concept as trying to paint _____, which he saw as much more powerful than painting only what the surface of the subject appears.

what your dreams look like

What experience affected van Gogh's early subject matter and color choice?

years he spent with the coal miners


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