Art History- Week1, Chapter 14 and Chapter 16

Adoration

Adoration is a sign of devotion to and worship of Jesus Christ, who is believed by Catholics to be present Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity, under the appearance of the consecrated host, in the form of hosts, that is, consecrated altar bread.

Nicola Pisano

Medieval features of painting - classical painting medieval arches, trefoils, columns, capitals

Bonaventura Berlinghieri

Italo Byzantine style or maniera greca Flatness and spiritual in nature. Formality (stiffness)

Brunellischi

entry in the competition to create new bronze door for the Florentine Baptistrey shows a frantic angel about to halt an emotional lunging Abraham clothed in swirling Gothic Robes. Violent motion and high emotion.

Maniera Greca

A formal Byzantine style that dominated Italian painting in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It's characterized by shallow space and linear flatness.

Describe the 13th century

Cimabue and Berlinghieri are leading painters in Italo Byzantine style or maniera Greca

14th century

City states, republics, black death and black Literature and latin - expansion

Humanism

Code of civil conduct, a theory of education and a scholarly discipline than a philosophical system. Concerned with human values and itnerests as distrinct from, but not opposed to religion's otherwordly values. Classical cultures. A model away from reason No material reward for services rendered.

Perspective

Depiction of three-dimensional objects in space on a two dimension surface

Orvito Cathedral

Designed by Lorenzo Maitani Rose windows, pinnacles and bags derived from French gothic architecture. Screen masking a timber-roofed structure with round arches in the nave arcade in the Early Christian tradition.

Simone Martini

Duccio's successors- adapted the Gothic style to sienese art, instrumental in creating the so-called International style. Appealed to the aristocratic taste. Alter piece- Annunciation, iconography- lillies symbols, stand for Mary's virginity =, words coming out of Gabriel's mouth, incorproated words from assuming people are literature.

Linear Perspective

Enables artists to determine mathematically the relative size of rendered objects to correlate them with the visual recession into space.

Cimabue

First artist to break from the Italo Byzantine style - Cenni di Pepo or Cimabue In pursuit of new naturalism Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets Enhance the three dimensionality of the drapery Throne- receding in space

Giotto di Bondone

First renaissance painter True teacher was nature, the world of visible things. Naturalism Madonna Enthroned - substance, dimension and bulk give the illusion they could throw the shadows Lamentation- in several sections- each corresponding ot one painting session. Buon fresco technique- time consuming- most complete each section before hte plaster dries.

Giotto di Bondone

First renaissance painter. Designed the bell tower of Florence's cathedral. His masterpiece is the fresco program of the Arena Chapel in Padua, pursued a naturalistic approach to representation based on observation. Marked the rebirth of classical values in art and society (14th century.)

Fresco

Fresco (plural frescos or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid, or wet lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall. Ex: Arena Chapel

Annunciation

Gabriel comes to Mary and says that she will be give birth to God. Nicola Pisano painted it.

Giovanni Pisano

Gothic style painting Loose and dynamic painting

David by Andrea al Verocchio 1450 (1465) Renaissance Skinny, pride, naturalistic

See image online

Sacre Rappresentazioni

Holy representations

Duccio di Buoninsegna

Humanization of subject matter/portraying human emotions! Narrative painter- Betrayal of jesus- Judas' false kiss, the disciples fleeing in terror and Peter cutting off the ear. Relaxed the rigidity and frontality of the figures, softened the drapery. 3 dimensional volume. Shimmering effects of textiles, adapting the motifs and design in patterns.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Illusionistic panorama- depicted the urban and rural effects of good government.

Lamentation

Lamentation by Giotto di Bondone in the Scrovegni Chapel Revolutionary nature of Giotto- presence of bodly foreshortened angels, mary cradel's jesus, horizontal ledge forground, visual support (rock ledge. physical and physcological response.) Spatial depth and body mass--> light falls upon the upper figures--> first step towards chiaroscuro. Perspective and lighting suited for dramatic narrative. Naturalism.

Fresco Painting

Mural painting technique involving the application of permanent limeproof pgiments diluted in water.

Pictorial Expression

Observation of the natural world

Renaissance - Humanism

Rebirth of art and culture

Relief sculpture

Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material.

Relief Sculpture

Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material. Ex: Nicola Pisano

Pietro Lorenzetti

Revived the pictorial illusionism of ancient Roman murals and painted the architectural members.

Adoption of Stoicism

The endurance of pain or hardship without a display of feelings and without complaint.

Humanism

The turn away from purely spiritual matter to a secular society and paying attention to civic responsibility. Florence Cathedral, Sienese Lorenzetti. Loyalty to one's culture Greater patronage of artwork Focused more on the individual Not as much crafts into inspiration Replicating own ways of thinking about representation

Doge's Palace

Venetian variation of northern Gothic architecture.

Atmospheric perspective

involves optical phenomena exploit the principal that the farther back the object is in space, the blurrier, less detailed and bluer it appeals. Color saturation and value contrast diminish as the image recedes into the distance.

chiaroscuro

the use of contrasts of light and dark to produce modeling Ex: Lamentation