Art Midterm

Photo from Immediate Family (Sally Mann)

(1992)

Line

an extension of a point; the basic means for recording and symbolizing ideas, observations, and feelings; a primary means of visual communication (ex. a signature)

Wassily Kandinsky

"Color directly influences the soul. Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the hammers, the soul is the piano with many strings. The artist is the hand that plays, touching one key or another purposively, to cause vibrations in the soul."

content; form; feeling; idea

"The Kiss" by Rodin and "The Kiss" by Brancusi have the same _____ but different _____. Rodin shows the _____ of love, while Brancusi shows the ____ of love.

The Birth of Venus (Sandro Botticelli)

(1486)

Peaceable Kingdom (Edward Hicks)

(1834)

A Smoke Backstage (William Harnett)

(1877)

Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers (Vincent van Gogh)

(1888)

The Thinker (Auguste Rodin)

(1889)

The Basket of Apples (Paul Cezanne)

(1895)

The Kiss (Gustav Klimt)

(1908)

Irren-Anstalt Band-Hain (Adolf Wölfli)

(1910)

Untitled (Aleksander Rodchenko)

(1920)

Composition VIII (Wassily Kandinsky)

(1923)

light

Color only exists in ___.

Juego de Limones ("Game of Limes," Gabriel Orozco)

contains an element of surprise and complementary colors; unexpectedly beautiful (2001)

I and the Village (Marc Chagall)

contains psychological lines (1911)

Psychological Temperatures of Colors

cool colors are on the green/blue/violet side; warm colors are on the yellow/orange/red side

Moulin Rouge (Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec)

depicts a famous cabaret (nightclub) at which the artist spent time; includes real people; the artist drew himself in the background (1895)

Abstraction of a Cow Series (Theo van Doesburg)

explains how abstract art can be created (1917)

Experimenting

exploring new possibilities by trying them out, building models, and taking them apart for further improvement

Intermediate Colors

in between primary and the secondaries

The Bedroom (Vincent van Gogh)

subjects: the bed, window, chair, etc. (1889)

Complementary

two hues directly opposite one another on a color wheel, such as red and green, that when mixed together in proper proportions, produce a neutral gray

Nathan's Famous (Vestie Davis)

(1958)

Gray Night Phenomenon (Alma Woodsey Thomas)

(1972)

Untitled (Fred Sandback)

(1977/2008)

Mouvement de linges en couleurs (Sophie Taeuber-Arp)

(1994)

Ginzer (Kiki Smith)

(2000)

Untitled (Anselm Reyle)

(2006)

lines

Examples of ____ in art include the following: Mouvement de linges en couleurs, Taeuber-Arp; Untitled, Rodchenko; Untitled, Revle; Untitled, Sandback; Ginzer, Smith; I and the Village, Chagall.

George Washington (Gilbert Stuart)

The Athenaeum Portrait; the artist's most famous painting; unfinished because the artist painted more copies of it and then sold each copy for $100; portrait found on the dollar bill (1796)

over 40,000; Paleolithic

The oldest cave painting is _______ years-old and is classified as _______ art.

False

True or false: Two artworks with similar content will always have the same form.

Claude Monet

four pictures of the same river

Palais Ideal (Ferdinand Cheval)

outside architecture (1879)

Self-Portrait with Jewish Identity Card (Felix Nussbaum)

shows the artist feeling trapped, isolated, and anxious (1943)

Aesthetics

the philosophy of art focusing on questions regarding what art is and how it is evaluated; the concept of beauty and the relationship between the idea of beauty and the concept of art

Two-dimensional Art

the plane of a picture surface in which visual elements are organized in art forms such as drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, etc.

Portrait of a Man in Red (Leonardo da Vinci)

(chalk, 1510)

4 Artists Paint 1 Tree

Disney video that showed how different artists created a variety of content while painting the same form

Leonardo da Vinci

painting titled "Head of a Woman"

Actual Line

solid extension of a point

Creativity

the ability to bring forth something new that has value

Hue

the property of a color identifying a specific named wavelength of light such as green, red, violet, and so on

Value

the relative lightness and darkness of surfaces

Intensity

the relative purity or saturation of a hue (color) on a scale from bright (pure) to dull

Achromatic

without the property of hue, without color; neutrals (gray, white, etc.)

Abstract Art

works of art that have no reference at all to natural objects or, more commonly, works that depict natural objects in simplified, distorted, or exaggerated ways (Ex. Composition VIII, Kandinsky; Number 1, Pollock; Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow, Mondrian; Abstraction of a Cow Series, Doesburg)

give comprehensible form to feeling and ideas

Artists _____. Example: Starry Night (van Gogh).

record and commemorate

Artists _____. Examples: Migrant Mother (Lange); The Night Cafe (van Gogh); Moulin Rouge (Toulouse); Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red (Cummins & Piper); George Washington (Stuart); Statue of Liberty (Bartholdi).

create extraordinary versions of ordinary objects.

Artists _____. Examples: Oldenburg's artworks; fur-covered cup, saucer, and spoon; vase paintings; Bicycle Wheel (Duchamp); The Gross Clinic (Eakins); and Photo from Immediate Family (Mann).

create places for human purposes

Artists _____. Examples: Stonehenge (burial site); Vietnam Veterans Memorial (Lin, place of memorial that is also beautiful); Park Guell Detail (Gaudi, public space for enjoyment).

refresh our vision and help us see the world in new ways

Artists _____. Examples: The Little Dancer (Degas); The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living (Hirst); Cock and Bull (Hirst); For the Love of God (Hirst).

give tangible form to the unknown

Artists _____. Examples: The Scream (Munch); Dance (Matisse); The Two Fridas (Kahlo); The Broken Column (Kahlo);

Pablo Picasso

Cubist painter; also a designer for stages, a playwright, and a ceramic artist

(1) Thoughts; (2) Emotions; (3) Feelings; (4) Experiences; (5) Known to you, yet unknown to someone else.

Define "the unknown." (5)

(1) Capable of being touched; (2) Real or actual, other than imaginary or visionary; (3) Material or substantial; (4) Having actual or physical existence.

Define tangible. (4)

Yes.

Do artists want you to understand the ideas behind their works?

Vincent van Gogh

Dutch Post-Impressionist painter

Banksy

English graffiti artist who paints illegally and in secret; his artwork is usually based on some kind of activism; he tries to change your understanding of a topic

Noé Two

French graffiti artist who legally paints grafiti

The Boulevard Montmartre, Afternoon (Camille Pissarro)

Impressionist painting (1879)

In a Villa by the Seaside (Berthe Morisot)

Impressionist painting; painted quickly to capture a moment; often finished in a single sitting (1874)

Stonehenge (Wiltshire, England)

Paleolithic art; considered art because the stones were moved with intention; possibly a burial ground (3100 BC)

Mona Lisa (Leonardo da Vinci)

Renaissance oil painting (c. 1517)

(1) It closely resembles another portrait; (2) Long beards were not common in the time period in which it was painted; (3) The person in the portrait is estimated to be about 80 years-old, and Leonardo da Vinci drew this portrait at about 60 years-old and died at 67 years-old.

Some people believe the Portrait of a Man in Red is a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci. What three reasons refute that idea?

Claes Oldenburg

Swedish-born, American pop artist; takes ordinary things and creates art by making them larger than life; he's still alive

King George V (Sir Luke Fildes)

Symbols - crown and cape : royalty :: red and gold :: royal colors : uniform, sword, and medals : military (1911)

Hagia Sophia Mosaic

Symbols - mother and child : Mary and Jesus :: halos : holiness/divinity :: throne : royalty (537 CE)

Still Life: An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life (Harmen Steenwyck)

Symbols - skull : death :: chronometer : passing of time :: seashell : wealth :: books : knowledge :: musical instruments : indulgence :: purple silk : luxury :: Japanese samurai sword : power and superior craftsmanship :: jar : sustenance of life (1640)

cave painting

This is an example of a _____.

Oldest cave painting; Indonesia

This is the ______. It was found in _____.

alertness; rest

Vertical lines are associated with an attitude of ____, while horizontal lines are associated with an attitude of ____.

(1) Actual Line; (2) Implied Line; (3) Actual Straight Lines and Implied Curved Line; (4) Line Created by an Edge; (5) Vertical and Horizontal Lines; (6) Diagonal Lines; (7) Sharp, Jagged Line; (8) Dance of Curving Lines; (9) Hard Line/Soft Line; (10) Ragged, Irregular Line

What are the 10 types of line variation?

Associating, Questioning, Observing, Networking, and Experimenting

What are the five subsections that make up creativity?

(1) Monochromatic; (2) Complementary; (3) Analogous; (4) Triadic

What are the four types of color schemes?

(1) Red-orange; (2) Yellow-orange; (3) Yellow-green; (4) Blue-green; (5) Blue-violet; (6) Red-violet

What are the intermediate colors of pigment?

(1) Red; (2) Green; (3) Blue

What are the primary colors of light?

(1) Red; (2) Yellow; (3) Blue

What are the primary colors of pigment?

(1) Cyan, C; (2) Magenta, M; (3) Yellow, Y; (4) Black, K

What are the primary colors of printing? List their abbreviations. (e.g. (1) Red, R)

(1) Magenta; (2) Yellow; (3) Cyan

What are the secondary colors of light?

(1) Orange; (2) Violet; (3) Green

What are the secondary colors of pigment?

(1) Art for Delight; (2) Art as Commentary; (3) Art in Worship and Ritual; (4) Art for Commemoration; (5) Art for Persuasion; (6) Art as Self-Expression

What are the six purposes of art?

(1) Artists create places for human purpose; (2) Artists create extraordinary versions of ordinary objects; (3) Artists record and commemorate; (4) Artists give tangible form to the unknown; (5) Artists give comprehensible form to feelings and ideas; (6) Artists refresh our vision and help us see the world in new ways.

What makes artists different? What defines them? (6)

perceive

When white light hits an object, the object absorbs every colors except the color you ____.

prism

When you shine white light through a ___, you see every color.

With cave paintings

Where did visual art begin?

Photomontage

a combination of several photographs joined together for artistic effect or to show more of the subject than can be shown in a single photograph (Ex. Just What Is It That Makes Today's Home So Different, So Appealing?, Hamilton; Cut with a Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar Republic, Hoch)

The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living (Damien Hirst)

a dead tiger shark preserved in a tank of formaldehyde; makes you think of death; a visceral experience: viewers can just walk up to a tiger shark; makes one think of irrational fear (1991)

Guernica (Pablo Picasso)

a depiction of war (1937)

Medium

a particular material used along with its accompanying technique

Composition VI (Wassily Kandinsky)

a visual expression of music and vibration (1913)

Rock Garden

a zin garden; created to enhance meditation and religious contemplation (Kyoto, Japan, 1480)

Shade

adding black to a pure hue

Tone

adding grey to a pure hue

Tint

adding white to a pure hue

Implied Line

allows something to look more realistic

Leonardo da Vinci

an artist and inventor, among other things

vase painting

an example of art that is functional but is extraordinary because it also tells a story

Hue

another name for "color"

Saturation

another name for intensity

Elements of Design

another name for the Visual Elements

Art for Persuasion

art created to invite, urge, or influence thought, action, or opinion (Ex. advertisements; government buildings; monuments; music videos; Augustus of Prima Porta; Palace of Versailles)

Art for Delight

art created with the purpose of visual delight, including an appreciation of beauty or decoration or delight in the element of surprise (Ex. a pleasant or inspiring object; something made with thoughtful execution, e.g. samurai sword; a harmonious balance of colors; Nocturne: Blue and Gold - Old Battersea Bridge, Whistler; Bowl, Classic Mimbres geometric; Juego de Limones, Orozco)

Outsider Art

art made by untrained arts (Ex. Palais Ideal, Cheval; Irren-Anstalt Band-Hain, Wölfli)

Art for Commemoration

art made to aid in memory and show respect; often referring to significant person, event, or action (Ex. Taj Mahal; The Death of General Wolfe, West; September 11th Memorial)

Art in Worship and Ritual

art made to enhance religious contemplation; incorporated into sacred rituals, places and ceremonies (Ex. The Tree of Jesse; Rock Garden; Complex Mask)

Mixed Media

art made with a combination of different materials

Representational Art

art that references objects or events in the real world (Ex. The Basket of Apples, Cezanne; Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers, van Gogh; A Smoke Backstage, Harnett)

Art as Commentary

art used to answer the need for information; the primary goal as communication between artist and viewer by means of the subject (Ex. I Saw This, Goya; In a Villa at the Seaside, Morisot; The Boulevard Montmartre, Afternoon, Pissarro; Claude Monet)

Matt Long

artist who believes that using functional, yet beautiful, pottery will make you slow down and enjoy life, giving you a better quality of life

Frank Lloyd Wright

artist who designed what the Smithsonian called "the best American architecture of all time"

Thomas Eakins

artist who sat for a really long time and painted a huge picture of people doing surgery

Sally Mann

artist who takes extraordinary pictures of her kids; an extremely talented photographer; uses an 8x10 camera, which makes photography an arduous process

Marcel Duchamp

artist who uses ordinary objects to make art

Antoni Gaudi

artist whose work is excessive and sometimes gaudy

Migrant Mother (Dorothea Lange)

artist worked for the Farm Security Administration; best known photo of the Great Depression; this photo humanized the consequences of the Great Depression; changed what documentary meant, especially documentary photography (1936)

Folk Art

artists with a small amount or no formal art education working within a tradition (Ex. Nathan's Famous, Davis; Peaceable Kingdom, Hicks)

Number 1 (Lavender Mist, Jackson Pollock)

artwork questions what it means to paint and what is a painting (1950)

Figurative Art

artwork that uses the human form as the primary subject (Ex. The Birth of Venus, Botticelli; The Thinker, Rodin; The Kiss, Klimt)

Networking

being willing to interact with others and learn from them, even if their views are radically different or their competencies seem unrelated

Palace of Versailles

built for King Louis XIV; huge palace; extravagant; lush; symbolizes how the strength of the monarchy and the greatness of the ruler

Cock and Bull (Damien Hirst)

built to commemorate the opening of a restaurant; inspired by the restaurant's menu; suspended from the restaurant's ceiling; makes you think about what you're eating and what table at which you're sitting (2012)

Color Schemes

color groupings that provide distinct color harmonies

Monochromatic

color scheme based on variations in the value and intensity of a single hue

Triadic

colors equal distances on the color wheel (Ex. secondary colors; primary pigment colors)

Analogous

colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel, such as blue, blue-green, and green (Ex. Monet's Water Lilies)

Additive Color Mixture

combinations of light primaries that produce lighter colors when mixed

The Death of General Wolfe (Benjamin West)

commemorates patriotic self-sacrifice; contains iconography (1770)

Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red (Paul Cummins & Tom Piper)

commemoration of 100 years since initial British involvement in WWI; artwork placed on and in the moat surrounding the Tower of London; 888,246 ceramic poppies; 1 flower = 1 British person who died in WWI (2014)

September 11th Memorial

commemoration of a huge event in our society; art made to remember

Night Café (Vincent van Gogh)

depiction of a real place painted from the artist's memory; the artist spent most of his time in an asylum from which he could not leave (1888)

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (Pablo Picasso)

depicts a brothel (1907)

Starry Night (Vincent van Gogh)

depicts the artist's longing and isolation; shows his view from the window of his asylum without the iron bars; the black bush represents the illuming threat of mortality; painted soon before the artist's death (1889)

Classic Mimbres geometric bowl

depicts the idea of decoration; made thoughtfully just to be beautiful (1000 CE)

Dwelling (Yong Soon Min)

depicts the idea of divided-self; shows the artist's feeling of absence; shows traditional Korean dress that the artist will never wear; there is poetry on the inside of the dress which speaks about the same "absent" feelings; contains a haunting quality (1994)

Just What Is It That Makes Today's Home So Different, So Appealing? (Richard Hamilton)

depicts what society considers important, while making the viewer question society's decision (1956)

I Saw This (Francisco Goya)

depicts what war looks like; part of a series titled the Disasters of War; people not there could know what war looked like (1810)

Mug (Matt Long)

extraordinary art (2006)

Falling Water (Frank Lloyd Wright)

extraordinary art; artist also designed the interior, including the furniture; built for the owner of Kaufmann's department stores (1935)

Flying Pins (Claes Oldenburg & Cossje van Bruggen)

extraordinary art; celebrates the revitalization of Eindhoven, Netherlands, a city that suffered destruction during WWII; depicts the aftermath of the "strike" of WWII

Perot Museum of Nature and Science (Thomas Mayne)

extraordinary art; located in Dallas, TX; 85% green (2006)

Dinosaur (Brett Kern)

extraordinary art; looks like a blow-up toy, but it's ceramic; makes you think of something it's not (2015)

Turning Torso (Santiago Calatrava)

extraordinary art; tallest building in Scandinavia; based on a sculpture made by the artist; an apartment building (2005)

Statue of Liberty (Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi)

gift to the American people from France; commemorates friendship and the signing of the Declaration of Independence; the law-invoking tablet she holds is inscribed with the date July 4, 1776; depicts the Roman goddess Libertas who symbolizes freedom, liberty, grace, and justice (1886)

The Scream (Edvard Munch)

gives tangible form to fear, terror, agony, and isolation; became famous in 1994 because it was stolen during the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games; thieves left a note which read, "thanks for the poor security"; recovered two years later (1893)

Dance (Henri Matisse)

gives tangible form to joy, celebration, the experience of dancing, heat, and movement; artist called a fauve, meaning "a wild beast"; part of the Fauvism movement (1909)

The Broken Column (Frida Kahlo)

gives tangible form to pain, suffering, brokenness, and anguish; artist suffered from a bus accident when she was young; chronic health problems and pain; lost fertility and had many surgeries; this was painted right after her spine surgery; shows physical and psychological struggles (1939)

The Two Fridas (Frida Kahlo)

gives tangible form to the meaning of identity, struggle, self-search, and a broken heart; painted right after the artist's divorce; the white dress is traditional and other is contemporary; the person to the left is the one with which her husband fell out out of love; the other is the new person whose heart is full (1939)

Hard Line/Soft Line

hard = defined edges; soft = blurred

Ragged, Irregular Line

has character and personality; most familiar type of line

For the Love of God (Damien Hirst)

has connotations about death and religion; makes one consider pertinence vs. decay and glory vs. death; made of a platinum skull encrusted with 8, 601 perfect, pear-shaped diamonds and someone's real teeth; its title was meant sarcastically; considered memento mori (a reminder of mortality); cost $19 million to make; $25 million was the originally asking price; sold for $100 million (2007)

Diagonal Lines

imply movement

The Little Dancer (Edgar Degas)

inherently still depiction of something that is usually moving; bronze sculpture; the bodice and skirt are made of fabric but are covered in wax; 28 more were made using the mold after the artist's death (c. 1881)

Observing

intently watching the world around you without judgement, in search of new insights or ways of operating

Roy Lichtenstein

known for his paintings which resemble comic books; pop artist; paintings made of thousands of tiny dots, just like a comic book would be printed

Cut with a Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar Republic (Hannah Hoch)

made of newspaper cut-outs; depicts what the newspaper says about the world and makes the viewer question it (Dada Movement, 1919)

The Tree of Jesses

makes one contemplate ancestry; shines light into the space, making the space seem more important than other places (Chartres Cathedral, 1170)

Augustus of Prima Porta

military uniform : leader :: breastplate : association with Roman gods an victory :: clam expression : leading with ability :: Cupid riding a dolphin : claiming to be the son of Venus and Cupid's brother

Implied Line

not a continuous extension, but allows your eye to draw the line

Subjects

objects represented in art (Ex. The Bedroom, van Gogh; Still Life with Apples, Cezanne)

The Gross Clinic (Thomas Eakins)

painting that measure 6.5' x 8' (about the size of a car)

Questioning

persistently challenging the status quo, asking why things function how they do now, and how or why they might be changed (Ex. Bicycle Wheel, Duchamp)

Subtractive Color Mixture

pigments of different hues when mixed together appear duller and darker because the pigments absorb more light as they combine

Media

plural of medium

Three-dimensional Art

sculptural art that organizes visual elements of art in real space

Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow (Piet Mondrian)

simplification of the real world (1930)

Dance of Curving Lines

smooth movements

Still Life with Apples (Paul Cezanne)

subjects: apples, cup, trumpet, fireplace, etc. (1894)

Sharp, Jagged Line

tense; aggravated

Associating

the ability to make connections across seemingly unrelated fields (Ex. Flying Pins, Oldenburg & Bruggen)

Local color

the color that appears to our eyes as that of the object determined by the wavelengths of light being reflected

Content

the message or meaning of the work of art, what the art expresses or communicates to the viewer

Primary Colors of Printing

the most vibrant colors produced when tiny dots of pigment of pure hues appear next to each other and blend with the eye

Iconography

the symbolic meanings of subjects and signs used to convey ideas important to particular cultures and regions (Ex. Hagia Sophia Mosaic; King George V, Fildes; Still Life: An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life, Steenwyck)

Form

the total effect of the combined visual qualities with a work, including such components as materials, color, shape, line, and design

Work of Art

the visual expression of an idea or experience, formed with skill, through the use of a medium

Taj Mahal

tomb for the favorite wife of the ruler (India, 1684)

Complex Mask (Yupik Eskimo)

used for religious ceremonies; created to make stronger connections to the spiritual world (SW Alaska, 1870)

Nocturne: Blue and Gold - Old Battersea Bridge (James Abbot McNeil Whistler)

used harmonious colors to make something usually ugly and boring, beautiful (1875)

Nonrepresentational Art

visual forms with no specific reference themselves (Ex. decoration; plaid; a pattern; Thomas Gray Night Phenomenon, Woolsey; Mosaic at Paris Mosque)

Art as Self-Expression

when art conveys information about the artists and their personality, feelings, or worldview aside from social cause, market demand, commissioning ruler, or aesthetic urge; a relatively new idea in the world of art; what most artists do now (Ex. Self-Portrait with Jewish Identity Card, Nussbaum; Dwelling, Min; Composition VI, Kandinsky)