Art Midterm 2

Interior of Pantheon

Early Empire Period 30 BCE-AD 200 architecture Rome Italy cylindrical drum, temple of all the gods, the light entering through its oculus form a circular beam that moves across the dome as the sun moves across the sky, The coffers (sunken decorative panels) lessened the dome's weight without weakening its structure, Dome's thickness decreases as it nears oculus, The interior symbolized both the orb of the earth and the vault of the heavens

Pont du Gard

Early Empire Period 30 BCE-AD 200 architecture aqueduct bridge, archs, upper archs smaller, harmonious proportional relationship between , larger and smaller arches

Colosseum

Early Empire Period 30 BCE-AD 200 architecture rome italy mixed roman arches and greek collumns (ionic snd corinthian) A large arena in Rome where gladiator contests and other games and sporting events were held., barral vaults, engage collumns and lintel to frame oppening

Ixion Room

Early Empire Period 30 BCE-AD 200 painting fourth style- combination of 1,2,3=4, Fresco, painting in field of red and white, Ixion murdered his father-in-law and planned to seduce Hera, strong classical greek influence, multicolored, crowded,mixture of architectural views, framed mythological paintings

Ara Pacis

Early Empire Period 30 BCE-AD 200 Sculpture/ architecture Altar of Peace. Marble, mythological subjects, Relief sculpture portrays Romans and Augustus' love for them. Touching portrayal of children clinging to parent. Emphasizes family. Another procession frienze (new golden age)

Galla Placidia mausoleum

Early Christian Period 50-450 A.D. architecture, Domed crossing, brick exterior ensemble of mosaic named after Honorius' sister (who ruled the empire as regent) because she is believed to be buried there. It takes the form of a Greek cross. Also dedicated to the martyr St. Lawrence.

Kritios Boy

Early Classical 480-450 BCE Athens, Greece Sculpture Contraposto, negative space between legs and arm, no archaic smile, no orientalizing

Roman architecture: 1. arcade 2. aqueduct 3. apse 4. amphitheater 5. atrium 6. barrel vault 7. basilica 8. colosseum 9. drum 10. forum 11. compluvium/impluvium 12. insulae 13. rotunda

1. A series of arches supported by piers or columns. 2. A raised channel used to carry water from mountains into cities 3. A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a Roman basilica or at the east end of a church. 4. oval building with tiers of seats 5. The main inner court of a Roman house, with an open roof and a central basin to catch rainwater. 6. a vault forming a half cylinder 7. rectangular in plan with an entrance usually on a long side. In Christian architecture, a church somewhat resembling the Roman basilica, usually entered from one end and with an apse at the other. 8. a large amphitheater 9. one of the stacked cylindrical stones that form the shaft of a column; cylindrical wall that supports a dome 10. Rome's public meeting place 11. roof of atrium/ sunken part of atrium 12. Roman apartment blocks constructed of concrete 13. A circular domed building or hall

Greek sculpture: 1. kouros 2. kore 3. archaic smile 4. contrapposto

1. An Archaic Greek statue of a standing nude male. 2. An Archaic Greek statue of a young woman. 3. The smile is the Archaic sculptor's way of indicating that the person portrayed is alive. 4. A style of Greek sculpture where people are depicted standing and leaning so that the person's weight is being put on one side. People are depicted with their bodies curved like an "S"

Terms: 1. catacomb 2. Jesus 3. Orant 4. Gospels

1. An underground cemetery 2. Founder of Christianity 3. a figure with both arms raised in the ancient gesture of prayer 4. the accounts of God's Revelation through Jesus Christ

Greek history: 1. Pericles 2. Alexander the Great

1. Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon. 2. King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia

Roman Politics: 1. republic 2. tetrarchy

1. Government ruled by a senate, 2. The division of Herod the Great's kingdom among his four sons.

Greek mythology: 1. Zeus (weapon?) and Hera 2. Apollo 3. Athena 4. Hermes 5. Dionysos 6. Herakles 7. Poseidon (weapon?) 8. Mt Olympus 9. Medusa 10. satyr 11. centaur 12. Iliad/Odyssey

1. King of the gods/ lightning bolt 2. Son of Zeus/ God of music, poetry, prophecy, sun 3. God of wisdom and war 4. Messenger of the gods 5. God of wine 6. Son of Zeus/ Twelve Labors and won immortality among the gods on Olympus 7. God of the Sea/ triton 8. Home of the gods 9. Turned by Athena/ Snake for hair/ turn to stone 10. half man half goat 11. half man half horse 12. homers epic poem

Roman history: 1. Julius Cesar 2. Augustus 3. Constantine 4. Diocletian

1. Roman general and one of the greatest military leaders in history;He was later murdered by a group of senators who opposed his enlarged powers. 2. First emperor of Rome 3. Emperor of the Roman Empire who moved the capital to Constantinople. He eventually converted to Christianity as well. 4. Emperor of Rome who was responsible for dividing Rome into different provinces and districts. Eventually, the eastern portions of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire.

Greek orders: 1. Doric 2. Ionic 3. Corinthian

1. This style of column features simple, heavy columns without bases. 2. a taller, thinner column with scroll shapes on its capital 3. This style of column has elongated capitals that are decorated with leaves.

Greek architecture: 1. Peripteral/peristyletholos 2. theater 3. cella 4. caryatid

1. a single row of columns on all sides 2. open-air structure in which plays were performed 3. the main room of a temple where the god is housed 4. a female figure that functions as a supporting column

Ceramic styles: 1. black-figure 2. red figure 3. white ground 4. polychromy 5. glaze 6. mosaic 7. tessera(e)

1. a style in Greek pottery decoration composed of black figures against a red background 2. red clay colored figures reserved against black background with details painted in 3. the pot was first covered with a slip of very fine white clay, over which black glaze was used to outline figures, and diluted brown, purple, red, and white were used to color them. 4. Multicolored painting on the surface of sculpture or architecture. 5. to apply a liquid that forms a glossy coating 6. made of small pieces of colored stone or glass 7. the small piece of stone, glass, or other object that is pieced together with many others to create a mosaic

Ceramic shapes: 1. amphora 2. krater 3. lekythos

1. a two-handled Greek storage jar 2. a large Greek bowl used for mixing water and wine 3. flask containing perfumed oil

Terms: 1. Rome/Roman 2. Latin 3.Byzantium

1. capital of italy 2. The language of the Romans 3. the eastern portion of the Roman empire; lasted 1000 years after the fall of Western Rome

Terms: 1. Tuscani 2. arch 3. voussoir 4. sarcophagus 5. necropolis

1. italy 2. An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space 3. a wedge-shaped or tapered stone used to construct an arch. 4. a large stone coffin 5. cemetary

Roman style: verism expressionism encaustic still life First, Second, Third and Fourth Styles atmospheric empirical perspective trompe l'oeil

1. natural appearance-Style in which artists concern themselves with describing the exterior likeness of an object or person, usually by rendering its visible details in a finely executed, meticulous manner. 2. A form of art in which the artist depicts the inner essence of man and projects his view of the world as colored by that essence. 3. a painting technique in which pigment is mixed with melted wax and applied to the surface while the mixture is hot 4. a scene of inanimate objects, such as fruits, flowers, or motionless animals 5. styles of wall painting - Slabs of stone of different color - fool the eye/ illusion/hold some first style/ atmospheric perspective - bird cage/ negative/ small painting - 1+2+3=4 6. Creating the illusion of depth of space by fading colors and eliminating detail in objects that are further away. 7. relies on direct observation rather than on a set of rules. 8. fool the eye

City states: 1. Athens 2. Sparta 3. Olympia

1. the capital and largest city of Greece/ Acropolis (parthenon) 2. greek city state often at war with Athens 3. extensive ruins include athletic training areas, a stadium and temples dedicated to the gods Hera and Zeus.

Late Empire Period

200-400 AD

Early Empire Period

30 BCE-AD 200

Hellenistic

320-30 B.C.E.

Late Classical Period

400-323 BCE

High Classical Period

450-400 BCE

Early Classical Period

480-450 BCE

Early Christian Period

50-450 A.D.

Roman Republic Period

500-30 BCE

Archaic Period

600-480 BCE

Etruscan Period

700-300 BCE

Orientalizing Period

700-600 BCE

Eruption of Mt Vesuvius

79 CE Herculaneum and Pompeii buried; volcanic ash preserved both cities

Geometric Period

900-700 BCE

New York Kouros

Archaic 600-480 B.C.E Attica, Greece Sculpture, Kouros geometric hair, Idealized body, Standing position /stiff /foot forward, In the round, negative space, expressionless (less human more like god), big flat eye, Mesopotamian/ Egyptian inspired, funerary purpose

Kroisos Kouros

Archaic 600-480 BCE Anavysos, Greece Sculpture Stood over grave (man who died in battle), rounded eye, Archaic smile, more naturalistic

Peplos Kore, Acropolis

Archaic 600-480 BCE Athens Greece Sculpture Kore (woman) archaic smile, arm sticking out, goddess wearing four garments,

Temple of Hera I ("Basilica")

Archaic 600-480 BCE Paestum, Italy Architecture Peristyle, Doric (Collumns wider at the bottom), Squished capital, Post and lintel, symmetrical, fluted grooves, cella divided into aisles statue in back (not central)

Three revelers (Euthymides)

Archaic 600-480 BCE Vulci, Italy Red Figure, Ceramic unusual positions, Foreshortening, three-quarter view (twisting spinal column and rump), Shows action

Achilles and Ajax by Exekias

Archaic Vulci, Italy 600-480 BCE black-figure painting, Amphora: a tall ancient Greek or Roman jar with two handles and a narrow neck. Both men hold shields and spears close, ready for action, Achilles heel, engrossed, lines directing towards the game, negative space between implies tension. details in engraving, profile/frontal (composite)

Dying Warrior

Archaic 600-480 BCE temple of Alpha, Greece Warrior dying fits neatly into the corner of the pediment, Hair in rows of tight cords, Rigid musculature, Pose of the crossed legs is awkward and unnatural, especially given the life-and-death, Archaic smile More conscious of his pain, more natural, struggles, transition into classical

Warrior

Early Classical 480-450 BCE Sculpture Italy bronze, silver teeth, copper lips, contrapposto, found under the sea.

Arch of Titus

Early Empire Period 30 BCE-AD 200 Freestanding arch (triumphal arch), engaged columns frame the oppening, Composite capitals, honor of Titus, 2 great relief, emperor conquest of judea/ titus in triumph in triumphal chariot

Portrait of Husband and Wife

Early Empire Period 30 BCE-AD 200 Pompeii, Italy fresco, painting The husband and wife wished to present themselves to their guests and thoughtful and well-read, Portraits are individualized likenesses, but the poses and attributes they hold are standard types, realistic, suggest fine education (stylus/scroll), on fourth style wall

Augustus as General

Early Empire Period 30 BCE-AD 200 Sculpture Italy right arm raised to adress his troops, orator, idealized polykleithan youth, carries political message (diplomatic victory), cupid at feet claims divineness,

Column of Trajan

Early Empire Period 30 BCE-AD 200 Sculpture Spiral frieze, tellls story of deacian war, depicts all aspects of the campaign, nude statue of emperor at top,

Santa Costanza interior a

Early Christian Period 50-450 A.D. Architecture dome interior, for constantines daughter, severe brick interior,

Good Shepherd

Early Christian Period 50-450 A.D. Catacomb painting Dome shaped Most common depiction of Jesus as shepard. used to show Jesus' guidance for Christians hope for a better life, cross, art of the poor, jonah story of ressurection

Christ as the Good Shepherd mosaic

Early Christian Period 50-450 A.D. Mosaic jesus sits with flock, halo long cross makes him more holy, landscape, wearing purple the color of roman emperor, Toga, naturalistic shadows

Santa Costanza interior m

Early Christian Period 50-450 A.D. Mosaic putti harvesting grapes and making wine, constantina and her husband, bacchus/ christian- christ blood

Gate of Mars Porta Marzia

Etruscan Period 700-300 BCE Architecture Italy dedicated to god mars, arch/vousoir carved rock, keystone peice that holds it up, post and linel

Capitoline Wolf

Etruscan Period 700-300 BCE Sculpture Bronze/hollow caste, growling alert, defensive motherly instinct, rome taking over etruria is protecting, she wolf nursed romulus and remusm,

Sarcophagus w/Reclining Couple

Etruscan Period 700-300 BCE Sculpture Cerveteri, Italy Sarcophagus, supportive, use hands to express themselves, woman have more power,Husband and wife on dining couch, emphatic gestures (etruscan),

The Orator

Etruscan Period 700-300 BCE Sculpture Cortona Italy bronze statue, address an assembly, wears a short toga and high laced boots of a roman magister, sign of age in the face, resembles portrait style of rome

Apollo of Veii

Etruscan Period 700-300 BCE Sculpture Veli Italy Taracota/ holo, placed on the roof, Egyption frontal/ greek (geometric clothes archaic smile), movement show him as alive, depicts one of the 12 labors of Herakles, Etruscan energetic movement rippling drapery

Dipylon Krater

Geometric period Athens, Greece 900-700 B.C.E Ceramic, Black figure painting, Register, Narrative, Krater features a mourning scene, procession in honor of the deceased, wide oppening (krater) for wine or water, simplified shapes, Triangular shape (Cycladic) tiny waste (Minoan)

Laocoon and his Sons

Hellenistic 320-30 B.C.E. Italy Sculpture extreme emotion, chaotic, deep carvings/ maximum movement, sea serpents attacking lacoon and his two sons, marble, punishment

Battle of Issus Philoxenos

Hellenistic 320-30 B.C.E. Pompeii Italy Mosaic Foreshortening (shadows), Tessera, superior to greeks, abandon chaos coward, Alexander vs Persian king Darius,

Nike of Samothrace

Hellenistic 320-30 B.C.E. Statue Naval victory/part of a fountain, wet look/more covered, interacts with the enviroment/ hightens the senses

Dying Gaul

Hellenistic 320-30 B.C.E. Statue looks tortured and pained, can't hide anguish like a Greek hero can, realistic, has a mustache, rope collar, messy hair, make him look like a barbaric animal, unkempt, physical and emotional weakness and fragility, marble, greeks admire other cultures also shows a noble foe who fought to the death.

Parthenon

High Classical Period 450-400 BCE Architecture In the acropolis, A temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, pillars made larger to counter the sun, Statue of Athena in cella, peristyle Ionic collums

Caryatid

High Classical Period 450-400 BCE Architecture, Sculpture sculpture of a draped female figure acting as a column supporting an entablature, contrapposto stance, on Erechtheion, resemble korai, fluted drapery

Hermes and the Infant Dionysos Phiale

High Classical Period 450-400 BCE ceramic, white ground Krater, Hermes handing over the infant Dionysos, overlapping/shadding in the rocks

Doriphoros spear bearer Polykleitos

High Classical Period 450-400 BCE statue marble half in rest half in motion, mathematical relation, male athlete/ warrior

Weary Heracles lysippos

LATE CLASSICAL PERIOD 400-323 BCE Sculpture Marble copy, Finished his labors (sad and tired, lean on club for support , humanizing god, In the round sculpture

Hermes and Dionysos, Praxiteles

LATE CLASSICAL PERIOD 400-323 BCE Temple of hera Sculpture dangles grapes to tempt the wine god, emotion in art, humanized, realism, god gazes dreamily, S curve

Bust of Caracalla

Late Empire Period 200-400 AD Sculpture (Rome/Empire) Appears in heroic nudity save for the mantle over his shoulder and a baldric across his chest , Knitted brow and abruptly turned head over his left shoulder, Sculptor intended for it to suggest energy and strength but rather it evokes fear and a sense of danger

The Tetrarchs

Late Empire Period 200-400 AD Sculpture christian stylized, Four officials corulers of different sections of the empire; formed by Diocletian.

Constantine

Late Empire Period 200-400 AD Sculpture perpetually youthful ruler, jupiter like statue holding orb of world power, eyes directed at no person, overwhelming power/absolute ruler

Aula Palatina (Trier Basilica)

Late Empire Period 200-400 AD architecture Germany Austere brick exterior—typical of later Roman architecture (Interior)—audience hall of Constantine's palace resembles a timber roofed basilica with an apse at one end but no aisles Large windows brought in light chancel arch divides the main hall from the semicircular apse

Arch of Constantine

Late Empire Period 200-400 AD architecture commemorate constantines defeat of mathentilus, took much of the sculptural decorations from earlier monuments, recutting heads of different emperors on reliefs,

Lady of Auxerre

Orientalizing Period Crete, Greece 700-600 B.C.E limestone, Sculpture Triangular face and hair and decoration of long skirt, Kore (s), korai (pl) archaic Greek statue of a young woman, standing and clothed in long loose robes, Right hand over heart shows prayer or salute (submissive)

man w/ portrait busts of his ancestors Head of Patrician

Roman Republic Period 500-30 BCE Statue marble, veristic (true representation portrait) roman head bust, show linage/genealogy, display portrait bust of his father, realistic likeness

Temple of Portunus (Fortuna Virilis)

Roman Republic Period 500-30 BCE architecture greek ionic collumns, etruscan stairs/ deep porch/raised plaform, roman fake, pseudo style , fluted shaft, Roman god of harbors and sailing concrete

Dionysiac Mystery Frieze

Roman Republic Period 500-30 BCE pompeii italy Second style of painting, creates an illusion, cycle is in one room of ninety, debate over exact meaning, drunk Dionysus in the center, act out rituals and rites, mortal woman interacting with mythological creatures, empirical perspective